A.M.A. archives of ophthalmology

In recent years, the large majority of angioid streak cases has been correlated with either pseudoxanthoma elasticum or osteitis deformans (Paget's disease). It is becoming more unusual to find reports of angioid streaks unrelated to one of these diseases. This is chiefly due to more astute clinical recognition of pseudoxanthoma elasticum, and probably because diagnosis of the streaks has become more precise. This paper presents two young men with angioid streaks, neither of whom had the commonly associated systemic diseases; both had sickle cell anemia. These two patients have been referred to in an earlier publication.<sup>1</sup>Angioid streaks in cases of sickle cell disease have not been previously reported. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —A 30-year-old Negro man was twice admitted to the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness for diagnostic studies pertaining to ocular lesions identified as angioid streaks. He was first admitted in April, 1958, and

DAVID PATON

A M A Archives of Ophthalmology

Angioid Streaks and Sickle Cell Anemia

脉络膜条纹与镰状细胞贫血

The purpose of this paper is to report a case of corneal ulcer with hypopyon and iridocyclitis, in which a mold identified as Allescheria boydii was demonstrated in scrapings from the eye in situ and imminent perforation averted by appropriate therapy. This appears to be the second recorded case of corneal ulcer associated with A. boydii (Monosporium apiospermum)1and the first to be successfully treated. A. boydii is a soil saprophyte which generally enters the human body by traumatic inoculation. When found in pathological situations it is most frequently implicated as an etiological agent of madura foot. However, it has also been incriminated in such diverse conditions as meningitis,2fatal pulmonary infection,3and mycetoma of the eyelid.4Exhaustive reviews of the literature on A. boydii and M. apiospermum infections have been published in recent years,5,6as has a study on the biology of these organisms.

MORRIS A. GORDON

Corneal Allescheriosis

角膜阿利什菌病

Ocular rigidity was measured in a total of 560 routine office patients with use of Friedenwald's tonometric method of paired weights in conjunction with his 1955 tables. Patients were discarded from consideration When inadequate cooperation prevented a measurement free of lid squeezing or ocular movement. Tonometric measurements lower than 3 or higher than 12 on the scale were also discarded. Contrary to my own expectations I found that children could often be readily examined. Presently there appears to be a difference of opinion as to whether the coefficient of ocular rigidity as formulated by Friedenwald<sup>1</sup>is in actuality a constant for the individual eye. The tables of intraocular pressure for the indentation tonometer as Well as the procedure of tonography are based in part on the concept of an average ocular rigidity of 0.0215, constant in each eye under all circumstances of intraocular pressure. If the coefficient is found

VICTOR GOODSIDE

Ocular Rigidity

眼压刚性

This case is of interest because of the unusual location of an aneurysm, its effect on the optic nerve preoperatively, and the method of eliciting perimetric findings. Report of Case On Feb. 27, 1958, a well-developed Caucasian man was first seen with the following symptoms: 1. Almost continuous headache over the left eye for one year, increasing in severity for the past two months. 2. Pressure sensation behind the left eye, aggravated by cough. 3. Blurred vision after cough. 4. Pain over left eye on sneezing. The entire ocular examination was negative except for the perimetric findings. The tangent screen test and 3/1,000 white office light revealed a left nasal contraction in the upper quadrant. With a history of headache and a field finding, the patient was referred to a neurological department for study. He was sent back with a negative finding and for observation. I immediately performed the test

FRANK R. SHLOSSBERG

Aneurysm of the Anterior Cerebral Artery

前脑动脉瘤

In order to determine if ions are actively transported across the corneal epithelium or endothelium, it was decided to excise the cornea and mount it between two chambers so that the composition of the fluid on the two sides could be regulated and analyzed. This arrangement lends itself to the direct measurement of ion fluxes. The critical problem in this method, however, is to keep a dissected cornea functioning normally in vitro. The present work describes a technique of maintaining an excised rabbit cornea alive for up to eight hours while measuring several of its physiologic properties. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Large adult rabbits were killed with intravenous Nembutal (pentobarbital) and the anterior segment of one eye was excised 2 mm. posterior to the limbus within one minute of death. The tissue was held by its scleral lip and immersed in a solution similar in composition to aqueous humor *<sup>1</sup>where

ANTHONY DONN

Studies on the Living Cornea in Vitro

体外活角膜研究

<h3>Introduction</h3> The present investigation was undertaken to study the penetration of methyl- and fluoro-substituted prednisolone compounds into the aqueous humor of the rabbit eye and their concentration in the plasma. Clinical and experimental studies upon prednisolone indicated it to be two to four times more potent than hydrocortisone, while not possessing some of the undesirable side effects associated with earlier steroids. The methyl- and fluoro-substituted prednisolones are reported to be 15-30 times more potent than hydrocortisone and 4-7 times more potent than prednisolone with respect to their anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties. <h3>Experimental Data</h3> Adult pigmented rabbits were employed, each weighing 5-6 lb. Prior to tapping the anterior chamber, each eye was anesthetized with 1 drop of a 0.5% solution of pontocaine hydrochloride and then washed with isotonic saline. Removal of the aqueous humor was accomplished by means of a 26-gauge needle attached to a tuberculin syringe. When the steroid content

IRVING H. LEOPOLD

Methyl- and Fluoro-Substituted Prednisolones in the Blood and Aqueous Humor of the Rabbit

兔血清和房水中甲基和氟代泼尼松的含量

The ocular syndrome now frequently designated as the "superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome" was first suspected by H. D. Brown in 1944 during his examination of a woman patient at the Brooklyn Eye and Ear Hospital. In November of 1945 during the course of an operation in another case of this kind Brown found a congenitally short superior oblique tendon. Then, in 1950, Brown<sup>1</sup>presented at the Strabismus Ophthalmic Symposium in Iowa City the cardinal characteristics of this complex. This was followed in 1951 by his published report<sup>2</sup>of several such cases. Girard,<sup>3</sup>in 1956, suggested the term "pseudoparalysis of the inferior oblique muscle" for this entity, reported a case of this kind which recovered spontaneously, and divided these patients into four groups, i.e., Type 1 due to a congenital retraction of the tendon sheath of the ipsilateral superior oblique (the "superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome of

H. D. ESTERLY

Tendon Sheath Syndrome

腱鞘综合征

Although splitting of the layers of the retina has been noted clinically and pathologically for many years, there have been few reports correlating these two observations. François and Rabaey<sup>1</sup>reported a clinicopathological case of retinal cyst in 1953, the same year in which Teng and Katzin<sup>2</sup>reported their observations on peripheral retinal cysts in 170 eye bank eyes. The term, retinoschisis, to denote a more extensive separation of the layers of the sensory retina, seems preferable to retinal cyst which does not differentiate large areas of splitting from small areas of peripheral cystoid changes. Retinoschisis is more commonly seen in males of the fourth and fifth decades and tends to be bilateral. The disease is usually asymptomatic and is frequently discovered incidentally during a complete eye examination. The separation of the retinal layers begins close to the ora serrata; it extends posteriorly but rarely to the macula. At

VICTOR T. CURTIN

Pathological Confirmation of Retinoschisis

视网膜劈裂症的病理学证实

The value of the visual field examination in the identification and localization of brain lesions is well known. In the constant search for new and improved methods of measurement of deficits associated with brain pathology, the flicker-fusion perimetry method, i.e., determination of thresholds for flicker and fusion throughout the visual field, has been investigated. 1-4 At least one investigator, Miles, 3 concludes that the flicker perimetry technique has many advantages over standard campimetric techniques, including that of greater sensitivity. Using the Miles technique, Havener and Henderson 4 compared standard and flicker perimetry techniques in 20 cases with neurological defects. They suggested that flicker perimetry is superior to standard perimetry in detecting early lesions of the visual pathways, provided the lesions are extensive enough to include the whole area of the flicker bulb in the scotoma. While the quantitative possibilities of the flicker perimetry method (i.e., obtaining thresholds which may be

OSCAR A. PARSONS

Visual Field Impairment in Brain Damage

脑损伤中的视野缺损

Progress in the field of vascular surgery has been accelerated during the past two decades. Following the pioneer work of Matas and Carrel a succession of basic contributions stimulated the present advance. Diagnostic techniques which permit radiographic visualization of practically every major blood vessel in the body, discovery of suitable blood vessel substitutes, advent of hypothermia, and a practical heart pump have made possible the approach to and the practical surgical management of previously inoperable blood vessel lesions. A clearer and more precise definition of these lesions and their sequelae has followed. Criteria of operability have evolved as experience has been acquired. <h3>Patent Ductus Arteriosus</h3> Increasing experience with inthrathoracic surgery undoubtedly stimulated the approach to two major congenital defects which involve the thoracic aorta. The ductus arteriosus is a direct communication between the arch of the aorta and the left pulmonary artery which in fetal life permits the blood from

Publication Information	Publisher: American Medical Association，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1950，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

A.M.A. archives of ophthalmology

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