BBS 是国际知名期刊，采用开放同行评论的创新格式。心理学、神经科学、行为生物学或认知科学的任何领域的研究人员发表了特别重要和有争议的作品，以及这些学科内和跨学科专家对每篇文章的 10-25 条评论，以及作者对它们的回应. 结果是一个引人入胜的独特论坛，用于交流、批评、刺激，特别是从分子神经生物学到人工智能和心灵哲学的行为和脑科学研究的统一。

Behavioral and Brain Sciences is an internationally renowned journal that employs an innovative open peer review format. Researchers from fields such as psychology, neuroscience, behavioral biology, and cognitive science publish particularly significant and controversial works here. Each article receives 10 to 25 comments from experts within and across disciplines, to which the authors respond. The result is an engaging and unique forum for communication, critique, and stimulation, particularly in the unified study of behavioral and brain sciences, ranging from molecular neurobiology to artificial intelligence and philosophy of mind.

《Behavioral and Brain Sciences》是一本国际知名的期刊，采用开放同行评审的创新格式。心理学、神经科学、行为生物学和认知科学等领域的研究人员在此发表特别重要和有争议的研究成果。每篇文章都会收到10到25条来自该领域内及跨学科专家的评论，作者也会对此进行回应。最终形成了一个引人入胜的独特论坛，促进了从分子神经生物学到人工智能和心灵哲学等领域的行为与脑科学研究的交流与批评。

Behavioral and Brain Sciences

During human evolutionary history, there were "trade-offs" between expending time and energy on child-rearing and mating, so both men and women evolved conditional mating strategies guided by cues signaling the circumstances. Many short-term matings might be successful for some men; others might try to find and keep a single mate, investing their effort in rearing her offspring. Recent evidence suggests that men with features signaling genetic benefits to offspring should be preferred by women as short-term mates, but there are trade-offs between a mate's genetic fitness and his willingness to help in child-rearing. It is these circumstances and the cues that signal them that underlie the variation in short- and long-term mating strategies between and within the sexes.

Steven W. Gangestad

Jeffry A. Simpson

Behav Brain Sci

The evolution of human mating: Trade-offs and strategic pluralism

人类择偶的演变：权衡与策略多元性

The claim that empathy is both automatic and representational is criticized as follows: (a) five empathy-arousing processes ranging from conditioning and mimicry to prospective-taking show that empathy can be either automatic or representational, and only under certain circumstances, both; (b) although automaticity decreases, empathy increases with age and cognitive development; (c) observers' causal attributions can shift rapidly and produce more complex empathic responses than the theory allows.

Martin L. Hoffman

How automatic and representational is empathy, and why

共情的自动化和表征程度如何，以及为什么

Abstract It is widely agreed upon that morality guides people with conflicting interests towards agreements of mutual benefit. We therefore might expect numerous proposals for organizing human moral cognition around the logic of bargaining, negotiation, and agreement. Yet, while “contractualist” ideas play an important role in moral philosophy, they are starkly underrepresented in the field of moral psychology. From a contractualist perspective, ideal moral judgments are those that would be agreed to by rational bargaining agents—an idea with wide-spread support in philosophy, psychology, economics, biology, and cultural evolution. As a practical matter, however, investing time and effort in negotiating every interpersonal interaction is unfeasible. Instead, we propose, people use abstractions and heuristics to efficiently identify mutually beneficial arrangements. We argue that many well-studied elements of our moral minds, such as reasoning about others’ utilities (“consequentialist” reasoning) or evaluating intrinsic ethical properties of certain actions (“deontological” reasoning), can be naturally understood as resource-rational approximations of a contractualist ideal. Moreover, this view explains the flexibility of our moral minds—how our moral rules and standards get created, updated and overridden and how we deal with novel cases we have never seen before. Thus, the apparently fragmentary nature of our moral psychology—commonly described in terms of systems in conflict—can be largely unified around the principle of finding mutually beneficial agreements under resource constraint. Our resulting “triple theory” of moral cognition naturally integrates contractualist, consequentialist and deontological concerns.

Sydney Levine

Nick Chater

Joshua B Tenenbaum

Fiery Cushman

Resource-rational contractualism: A triple theory of moral cognition

资源合理契约主义：道德认知的三重理论

Recent progress in artificial intelligence has renewed interest in building systems that learn and think like people. Many advances have come from using deep neural networks trained end-to-end in tasks such as object recognition, video games, and board games, achieving performance that equals or even beats that of humans in some respects. Despite their biological inspiration and performance achievements, these systems differ from human intelligence in crucial ways. We review progress in cognitive science suggesting that truly human-like learning and thinking machines will have to reach beyond current engineering trends in both what they learn and how they learn it. Specifically, we argue that these machines should (1) build causal models of the world that support explanation and understanding, rather than merely solving pattern recognition problems; (2) ground learning in intuitive theories of physics and psychology to support and enrich the knowledge that is learned; and (3) harness compositionality and learning-to-learn to rapidly acquire and generalize knowledge to new tasks and situations. We suggest concrete challenges and promising routes toward these goals that can combine the strengths of recent neural network advances with more structured cognitive models.

Brenden M Lake

Tomer D Ullman

Samuel J Gershman

Building machines that learn and think like people

构建像人一样学习和思考的机器

Abstract The reliability of peer review of scientific documents and the evaluative criteria scientists use to judge the work of their peers are critically reexamined with special attention to the consistently low levels of reliability that have been reported. Referees of grant proposals agree much more about what is unworthy of support than about what does have scientific value. In the case of manuscript submissions this seems to depend on whether a discipline (or subfield) is general and diffuse (e.g., cross-disciplinary physics, general fields of medicine, cultural anthropology, social psychology) or specific and focused (e.g., nuclear physics, medical specialty areas, physical anthropology, and behavioral neuroscience). In the former there is also much more agreement on rejection than acceptance, but in the latter both the wide differential in manuscript rejection rates and the high correlation between referee recommendations and editorial decisions suggests that reviewers and editors agree more on acceptance than on rejection. Several suggestions are made for improving the reliability and quality of peer review. Further research is needed, especially in the physical sciences.

Domenic V. Cicchetti

The reliability of peer review for manuscript and grant submissions: A cross-disciplinary investigation

同行评审在稿件和资助申请中的可靠性：跨学科研究

Abstract In the human mind, what is a social relationship, and what are the developmental origins of this representation? I consider findings from infant psychology and propose that our representations of social relationships are intuitive theories built on core knowledge. I propose three central components of this intuitive theory. The purpose of the first component is to recognize whether a relationship exists, the purpose of the second is to characterize the relationship by categorizing it into a model and to compute its strength (i.e., intensity, pull, or thickness), and the purpose of the third is to understand how to change relationships through explicit or implicit communication. I propose that infants possess core knowledge on which this intuitive theory is built. This paper focuses on the second component and considers evidence that infants characterize relationships. Following Relational Models Theory (A. P. Fiske, 1992, 2004) I propose that from infancy humans recognize relationships that belong to three models: communal sharing (where people are ‘one’), authority ranking (where people are ranked), and equality matching (where people are separate, but evenly balanced). I further propose that humans, and potentially infants, recognize a relationship's strength which can be thought of as a continuous representation of obligations (the extent to which certain actions are expected), and commitment (the likelihood that people will continue the relationship). These representations and the assumption that others share them allow us to form, maintain, and change social relationships throughout our lives by informing how we interpret and evaluate the actions of others and plan our own.

Ashley J Thomas

Cognitive Representations of Social Relationships and their Developmental Origins

社会关系认知表征及其发展起源

Abstract Guided by concepts from life history (LH) theory, a large human research literature has tested the hypothesis that exposures to extrinsic mortality (EM) promote the development of faster LH strategies (e.g., earlier/faster reproduction, higher offspring number). A competing model proposes that, because EM in the past was intimately linked to energetic constraints, such exposures specifically led to the development of slower LH strategies. We empirically address this debate by examining (1) LH variation among small-scale societies under different environmental conditions; (2) country-, regional- and community-level correlations between ecological conditions, mortality, maturational timing, and fertility; (3) individual-level correlations between this same set of factors; and (4) natural experiments leveraging the impact of externally-caused changes in mortality on LH traits. Partially supporting each model, we found that harsh conditions encompassing energetic stress and ambient cues to EM (external cues received through sensory systems) have countervailing effects on the development of LH strategies, both delaying pubertal maturation and promoting an accelerated pace of reproduction and higher offspring number. We conclude that, although energetics are fundamental to many developmental processes, providing a first tier of environmental influence, this first tier alone cannot explain these countervailing effects. An important second tier of environmental influence is afforded by ambient cues to EM. We advance a 2-tiered model that delineates this second tier and its central role in regulating development of LH strategies. Consideration of the first and second tier together is necessary to account for the observed countervailing shifts toward both slower and faster LH traits.

Bruce J. Ellis

Brie M. Reid

Karen L. Kramer

Two tiers, not one: Different sources of extrinsic mortality have opposing effects on life history traits

两层而非一层：不同来源的外在死亡率对生命史特征产生相反影响

Abstract Among non-human animals, crows, octopuses and honeybees are well-known for their complex brains and cognitive abilities. Widening the lens from the idiosyncratic abilities of exemplars like these to those of animals across the phylogenetic spectrum begins to reveal the ancient evolutionary process by which complex brains and cognition first arose in different lineages. The distribution of 35 phenotypic traits in 17 metazoan lineages reveals that brain and cognitive complexity in only three lineages (vertebrates, cephalopod mollusks, and euarthropods) can be attributed to the pivotal role played by body, sensory, brain and motor traits in active visual sensing and visuomotor skills. Together, these pivotal traits enabled animals to transition from largely reactive to more proactive behaviors, and from slow and two-dimensional motion to more rapid and complex three-dimensional motion. Among pivotal traits, high-resolution eyes and laminated visual regions of the brain stand out because they increased the processing demands on and the computational power of the brain by several orders of magnitude. The independent acquisition of pivotal traits in cognitively complex (CC) lineages can be explained as the completion of several multi-trait transitions over the course of evolutionary history, each resulting in an increasing level of complexity that arises from a distinct combination of traits. Whereas combined pivotal traits represent the highest level of complexity in CC lineages, combined traits at lower levels characterize many non-CC lineages, suggesting that certain body, sensory and brain traits may have been linked (the trait-linkage hypothesis) during the evolution of both CC and non-CC lineages.

Sheryl Coombs

Michael Trestman

A multi-trait embodied framework for the evolution of brains and cognition across animal phyla

跨动物门类大脑与认知演化的多性状具身框架

Research on visual attention has uncovered significant anomalies, and some traditional methods may have inadvertently probed peripheral vision rather than attention. Vision science needs to rethink visual attention from the ground up. To facilitate this, for a year I banned the word “attention” in my lab. This constraint promoted a more precise discussion of attention-related phenomena, capacity limits, and mechanisms. The insights gained lead me to challenge attributing to “attention” those phenomena that can be better explained by perceptual processes, are predictable by an ideal observer model, or that otherwise may not require an additional mechanism. I enumerate a set of critical phenomena in need of explanation. Finally, I propose a unifying theory in which all perception results from performing a task, and tasks face a limit on complexity.

Abbreviation	Behav Brain Sci
Journal Impact	16.50
Quartiles(Global)	PSYCHOLOGY, BIOLOGICAL(Q1)

ISSN	0140-525X, 1469-1825
h-index	176

Publication Information	Publisher: Cambridge University Press，Publishing cycle: Bimonthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1978，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:3.00%， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：约稿?周期不定
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：很难

Behavioral and Brain Sciences

Journal Citation Format

A journal article with 1 author

A journal article with 2 authors

A journal article with 3 authors

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Books Citation Format

Thesis Citation Format

Web sites Citation Format

Patent Citation Format

Staying up late manually editing references? ivySCI automatically matches journals and helps you generate references with a single click.

Share Submission Experience

The evolution of human mating: Trade-offs and strategic pluralism

How automatic and representational is empathy, and why

Resource-rational contractualism: A triple theory of moral cognition

Building machines that learn and think like people

The reliability of peer review for manuscript and grant submissions: A cross-disciplinary investigation

Cognitive Representations of Social Relationships and their Developmental Origins

Two tiers, not one: Different sources of extrinsic mortality have opposing effects on life history traits

Resource-rational contractualism: A triple theory of moral cognition

A multi-trait embodied framework for the evolution of brains and cognition across animal phyla

Visual Attention in Crisis