Artificial Organs and Prostheses; Bioinstrumentation and Measurements; Bioheat Transfer; Biomaterials; Biomechanics; Bioprocess Engineering; Cellular Mechanics; Design and Control of Biological Systems; Physiological Systems.

The Journal of Biomechanical Engineering covers the following areas: artificial organs and prostheses, bioinstrumentation and measurements, bioheat transfer, biomaterials, biomechanics, bioprocess engineering, cellular mechanics, design and control of biological systems, and physiological systems.

《Journal of Biomechanical Engineering》期刊涵盖了以下领域：人工器官与假肢、生物仪器与测量、生物热传递、生物材料、生物力学、生物过程工程、细胞力学、生物系统的设计与控制以及生理系统。

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

The present study deals with the stiffness and damping profiles of the leg joints during the ground-contact phase of hopping. A two-dimensional (sagittal plane) jumping model, consisting of four linked rigid segments and including the paired feet, shanks, thighs, and the head-arms-trunk segment, was developed. The segments were interconnected by damped torsional springs, representing the action of the muscles, tendons and ligaments across the joint and of the other joint tissues. A regressive function was used to express stiffness and damping, and included second-order dependence on angle and first-order dependence on angular velocity. By eliminating redundancies in the numerical solution using multicollinearity diagnostic algorithms, the model results revealed that the correct and sufficient nonlinearity for the joint stiffness is of the first order. Damping was found negligible. The stiffness profiles obtained were bell-shaped with a maximum near midstance and nonzero edge values. In predicting the joint moments, the obtained variable joint stiffnesses provided a closer agreement compared to a constant stiffness model. The maximal stiffness was found to be in linear correlation with the initial stiffness in each joint, providing support to the of muscles' preactivation strategy during the flight phase of hopping. All stiffnesses increased with increasing hopping frequency. The model presented provides an effective tool for future designing of artificial legs and robots and for the development of more accurate control strategies.

Svetlana Rapoport

Joseph Mizrahi

Eitan Kimmel

Oleg Verbitsky

Eli Isakov

Constant and Variable Stiffness and Damping of the Leg Joints in Human Hopping

Passive-dynamic ankle-foot orthosis (PD-AFO) bending stiffness is a key functional characteristic for achieving enhanced gait function. However, current orthosis customization methods inhibit objective premanufacture tuning of the PD-AFO bending stiffness, making optimization of orthosis function challenging. We have developed a novel virtual functional prototyping (VFP) process, which harnesses the strengths of computer aided design (CAD) model parameterization and finite element analysis, to quantitatively tune and predict the functional characteristics of a PD-AFO, which is rapidly manufactured via fused deposition modeling (FDM). The purpose of this study was to assess the VFP process for PD-AFO bending stiffness. A PD-AFO CAD model was customized for a healthy subject and tuned to four bending stiffness values via VFP. Two sets of each tuned model were fabricated via FDM using medical-grade polycarbonate (PC-ISO). Dimensional accuracy of the fabricated orthoses was excellent (average 0.51 ± 0.39 mm). Manufacturing precision ranged from 0.0 to 0.74 Nm/deg (average 0.30 ± 0.36 Nm/deg). Bending stiffness prediction accuracy was within 1 Nm/deg using the manufacturer provided PC-ISO elastic modulus (average 0.48 ± 0.35 Nm/deg). Using an experimentally derived PC-ISO elastic modulus improved the optimized bending stiffness prediction accuracy (average 0.29 ± 0.57 Nm/deg). Robustness of the derived modulus was tested by carrying out the VFP process for a disparate subject, tuning the PD-AFO model to five bending stiffness values. For this disparate subject, bending stiffness prediction accuracy was strong (average 0.20 ± 0.14 Nm/deg). Overall, the VFP process had excellent dimensional accuracy, good manufacturing precision, and strong prediction accuracy with the derived modulus. Implementing VFP as part of our PD-AFO customization and manufacturing framework, which also includes fit customization, provides a novel and powerful method to predictably tune and precisely manufacture orthoses with objectively customized fit and functional characteristics.

Elisa S. Schrank

Lester Hitch

Kevin Wallace

Richard Moore

Steven J. Stanhope

Assessment of a Virtual Functional Prototyping Process for the Rapid Manufacture of Passive-Dynamic Ankle-Foot Orthoses

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the developed world. CVD can include atherosclerosis, aneurysm, dissection, or occlusion of the main arteries. Many CVDs are caused by unhealthy hemodynamics. Some CVDs can be treated with the implantation of stents and stent grafts. Investigations have been carried out to understand the effects of stents and stent grafts have on arteries and the hemodynamic changes post-treatment. Numerous studies on stent hemodynamics have been carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) which has yielded significant insight into the effect of stent mesh design on near-wall blood flow and improving hemodynamics. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) has also been used to capture behavior of fluids that mimic physiological hemodynamics. However, PIV studies have largely been restricted to unstented models or intra-aneurysmal flow rather than peri or distal stent flow behaviors. PIV has been used both as a standalone measurement method and as a comparison to validate the CFD studies. This article reviews the successes and limitations of CFD and PIV-based modeling methods used to investigate the hemodynamic effects of stents. The review includes an overview of physiology and relevant mechanics of arteries as well as consideration of boundary conditions and the working fluids used to simulate blood for each modeling method along with the benefits and limitations introduced.

Petra N. Williamson

Paul D. Docherty

Sina G. Yazdi

Adib Khanafer

Natalia Kabaliuk

Mark Jermy

Patrick H. Geoghegan

Review of the Development of Hemodynamic Modeling Techniques to Capture Flow Behavior in Arteries Affected by Aneurysm, Atherosclerosis, and Stenting

动脉瘤、动脉粥样硬化及支架植入影响下的血流动力学建模技术发展综述

Organ printing is a novel concept recently introduced in developing artificial three-dimensional organs to bridge the gap between transplantation needs and organ shortage. One of the major challenges is inclusion of blood-vessellike channels between layers to support cell viability, postprinting functionality in terms of nutrient transport, and waste removal. In this research, we developed a novel and effective method to print tubular channels encapsulating cells in alginate to mimic the natural vascular system. An experimental investigation into the influence on cartilage progenitor cell (CPCs) survival, and the function of printing parameters during and after the printing process were presented. CPC functionality was evaluated by checking tissue-specific genetic marker expression and extracellular matrix production. Our results demonstrated the capability of direct fabrication of cell-laden tubular channels by our newly designed coaxial nozzle assembly and revealed that the bioprinting process could induce quantifiable cell death due to changes in dispensing pressure, coaxial nozzle geometry, and biomaterial concentration. Cells were able to recover during incubation, as well as to undergo differentiation with high-level cartilage-associated gene expression. These findings may not only help optimize our system but also can be applied to biomanufacturing of 3D functional cellular tissue engineering constructs for various organ systems.

Yin Yu

Yahui Zhang

James A. Martin

Ibrahim T. Ozbolat

Evaluation of Cell Viability and Functionality in Vessel-like Bioprintable Cell-Laden Tubular Channels

血管样可生物打印细胞负载管状通道中细胞活性和功能的评估

Community ambulation is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle, but it poses significant challenges for individuals with limb loss due to complex task demands. In wearable robotics, particularly powered prostheses, there is a critical need to accurately estimate environmental context, such as walking speed and slope, to offer intuitive and seamless assistance during varied ambulation tasks. We developed a user-independent and multi-context, intent recognition system that was deployed in real-time on an open-source knee and ankle powered prosthesis (OSL). We recruited 11 individuals with transfemoral amputation, with 7 participants used for real-time validation. Our findings revealed two main conclusions: 1) the user-independent (IND) performance across speed and slope was not statistically different from user-dependent (DEP) models in real-time, and did not degrade compared to its offline counterparts, 2) IND walking speed estimates showed ~0.09 m/s mean absolute error (MAE) and slope estimates showed ~0.95° MAE across multi-context scenarios. Additionally, we provide an open-source dataset to facilitate further research in accurately estimating speed and slope using an IND approach in real-world walking tasks on a powered prosthesis.

Krishan Bhakta

Jairo Maldonado-Contreras

Jonathan Camargo

Sixu Zhou

William Compton

Kinsey Herrin

Aaron Young

Continuous-Context, User-Independent, Real-Time Intent Recognition for Powered Lower-Limb Prostheses

动力下肢假肢连续上下文、用户无关的实时意图识别

Abstract Total knee replacement (TKR) failure, low patient satisfaction and high revision surgery rates may stem from insufficient pre-clinical testing. Conventional joint motion simulators for pre-clinical testing of TKR implants manipulate a knee joint in force, displacement, or simulated muscle control. However, a rig capable of using all three control modes has yet to be described in literature. This study aimed to validate a novel platform, the muscle actuator system (MAS), that can generate gravity-dependent, quadriceps-controlled squatting motions representative of an Oxford rig knee simulator and is mounted onto a force/displacement-control-capable joint motion simulator. Synthetic knee joint phantoms were created that comprised revision TKR implants and key extensor and flexor mechanism analogues, but no ligaments. The combined system implemented a constant force vector acting from simulated hip-to-ankle coordinates, effectively replicating gravity as observed in an Oxford rig. Quadriceps forces and patellofemoral joint kinematics were measured to assess the performance of the MAS and these tests showed high levels of repeatability and reproducibility. Forces and kinematics measured at a nominal patellar tendon length, and with patella alta and baja, were compared against those measured under the same conditions using a conventional Oxford rig, the Pennsylvania State Knee Simulator (PSKS). There was disagreement in absolute kinematics and muscle forces, but similar trends resulting from changing prosthesis design or patellar tendon length.

Alexandre Galley

Samira Vakili

Ilya Borukhov

Brent Lanting

Stephen J. Piazza

Ryan Willing

Comparing patellofemoral kinematics assessed with a novel Muscle Actuator System and an Oxford Rig using non-cadaveric knees

比较新型肌肉驱动系统与牛津支架在非尸体膝关节上评估髌股关节运动学的结果

The interlamellar matrix (ILM), located between the annular layers of the intervertebral disc, is an adhesive component which acts to resist delamination. Investigating the mechanical properties of the ILM can provide us with valuable information regarding risk of disc injury; however given its viscoelastic nature, it may be necessary to conduct preconditioning on tissue samples before measuring these ILM properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to optimize mechanical testing protocols of the ILM by examining the effect of preconditioning on stiffness and strength of this adhesive matrix. Eighty-eight annular samples were dissected from twenty-two porcine cervical discs and randomized into one of four testing conditions consisting of 10 cycles of 15% strain followed by a 180° adhesive peel test. The four testing groups employed a different strain rate for the 10 cycles of preconditioning: 0.01 mm/s (n=23); 0.1 mm/s (n=26); 1 mm/s (n=23); no preconditioning employed (n=16). Samples preconditioned at 0.01 mm/s were significantly less stiff than those that had not received preconditioning (p=0.014). No other results were found to be statistically significant. Given the lack of differences observed in this study, preconditioning is likely not necessary prior to conducting a 180° peel test. However, if preconditioning is employed, the findings from this study suggest avoiding preconditioning conducted at very slow rates (i.e. 0.01 mm/s) as the long testing time may negatively affect the tissue.

Sabrina I. Sinopoli

Mitchel Whittal

K. Josh Briar

Diane E. Gregory

Does annulus fibrosus lamellar adhesion testing require preconditioning?

纤维环层间粘附测试是否需要预处理？

Abstract Lipid-rich atheromas are linked to plaque rupture in stented atherosclerotic arteries. While fibrous cap thickness is acknowledged as a critical indicator of vulnerability, it is likely that other morphological features also exert influence. However, detailed quantifications of their contributions and intertwined effects in stenting are lacking. Therefore, our goal is to assess the impact of plaque characteristics on the fibrous cap stress and elucidate their underlying mechanisms. We analyzed the stent deployment over a 3D patient-specific coronary artery reconstructed from intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) through finite element methods. Additionally, we performed sensitivity analysis on 78,000 distinct plaque geometries of two-dimensional arteries for verification. Results from the 3D patient-specific model indicate strong correlations between maximum fibrous cap stress and lipid arc (r=0.769), area stenosis (r=0.550), and lumen curvature (r=0.642). Plaques with lipid arcs &amp;gt; 60°, area stenosis &amp;gt; 75%, and lumen curvatures &amp;gt; 5 mm-1 are at increased rupture risk. While we observed a rise in stress with lipid core thickness, it was less representative than other features. Fibrous cap thickness showed a poor correlation, with the sensitivity analysis revealing its significance only when high stretches are induced by other features, likely due to its J-shaped stress-stretch response. Contrary to physiological pressure, the stent expansion generates unique vulnerable features as the stent load-transferring characteristics modify the plaque?s response. This study is expected to prompt further clinical investigations of other morphological features for predicting plaque rupture in stenting.

Jose Colmenarez

Pengfei Dong

Juhwan Lee

David Wilson

Linxia Gu

Evaluating the influence of morphological features on the vulnerability of lipid-Rich plaques during stenting

评估形态特征对富含脂质斑块在支架置入过程中易损性的影响

Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic condition characterized by an abundance of sickle hemoglobin in red blood cells. SCD patients are more prone to intracranial aneurysms (ICA) compared to the general population, with distinctive features such as multiple intracranial aneurysms: 66% of SCD patients with ICAs have multiples ICAs, compared to 20% in non-sickle patients. The exact mechanism behind these associations is not fully understood, but there is a hypothesized link between hypoxia and impaired synthesis of extracellular matrix, which may weaken the vessel walls, favoring aneurysm formation and rupture. SCD patients experience reduced blood oxygen levels, potentially exacerbating hypoxia in ICAs, and potentially contributing to aneurysm development and early onset in these patients. In this work, we performed a series of computational studies (Fluent) using idealized geometries to investigate the key differences in the oxygen transport and blood flow dynamics inside an aneurysm formation for sickle and non-sickle cases. We found that using SCD parameters resulted in a 14% to 68% reduction in blood flow and a 37% to 70% reduction in oxygen availability within the aneurysm, depending on the vessel curvature and the aneurysm throat diameter, due to factors including oxygen-dependent viscosity and alteration in the oxygen transport. The results indicate that depending on geometry and flow characteristics, some degree of hypoxia maybe present in aneurysm bulb and would be more severe in SCD patients. This study hopes to bring into attention the potential presence of hypoxic environment in the aneurysm bulb.

Marisa Bazzi

Hadi Wiputra

David Wood

Victor H. Barocas

Computational analysis of flow and transport suggests reduced oxygen levels within intracranial aneurysms, especially in individuals with sickle-cell disease

计算流体动力学分析表明，颅内动脉瘤内氧气水平降低，尤其在镰状细胞病患者中

Abbreviation	J. Biomech. Eng.
Journal Impact	1.65
Quartiles(Global)	ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL(Q3)

ISSN	0148-0731, 1528-8951
h-index	139

Publication Information	Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME)，Publishing cycle: Monthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1977，Proportion of original research papers: 96.67%，Self Citation Rate:5.90%， Gold OA Rate: 1.55%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：偏慢,4-8周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

Journal Citation Format

A journal article with 1 author

A journal article with 2 authors

A journal article with 3 authors

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Books Citation Format

Thesis Citation Format

Web sites Citation Format

Patent Citation Format

Staying up late manually editing references? ivySCI automatically matches journals and helps you generate references with a single click.

Share Submission Experience

Constant and Variable Stiffness and Damping of the Leg Joints in Human Hopping

Assessment of a Virtual Functional Prototyping Process for the Rapid Manufacture of Passive-Dynamic Ankle-Foot Orthoses

Review of the Development of Hemodynamic Modeling Techniques to Capture Flow Behavior in Arteries Affected by Aneurysm, Atherosclerosis, and Stenting

Evaluation of Cell Viability and Functionality in Vessel-like Bioprintable Cell-Laden Tubular Channels

Continuous-Context, User-Independent, Real-Time Intent Recognition for Powered Lower-Limb Prostheses

Continuous-Context, User-Independent, Real-Time Intent Recognition for Powered Lower-Limb Prostheses

Comparing patellofemoral kinematics assessed with a novel Muscle Actuator System and an Oxford Rig using non-cadaveric knees

Does annulus fibrosus lamellar adhesion testing require preconditioning?

Evaluating the influence of morphological features on the vulnerability of lipid-Rich plaques during stenting

Computational analysis of flow and transport suggests reduced oxygen levels within intracranial aneurysms, especially in individuals with sickle-cell disease