Issues in Health Care of Women

American women will face opportunities, challenges, and sizeable hurdles throughout the decade of the 1980s. Political, economic, and international forces will weigh heavily on women in the United States as they attempt to conquer key positions. Women are capable of shaping and transforming society and of helping people live together in relative peace and harmony. But a positive attitude with goal‐directed behavior is essential. Human relatedness, cultural values, and ethical concerns for all cultures in our world must be given thoughtful consideration. Also, women must help men to deal with women's changing role. This overview deals with some of the problems women will face and key areas for accomplishing future goals.

Madeleine Leininger

Woman's role in society in the 1980s

20世纪80年代女性的社会角色

Jeanette M. Bushnell

Issues Health Care Women

Northwest coast American Indians’ beliefs about childbirth

北美西北海岸印第安人对分娩的信仰

Uneven distribution of health care is one of the most controversial topics concerning professionals. Despite the advances made in medical care, there are still neglected groups of patients. Nurses represent perhaps the nation's most appropriate resource capable of responding to the inequity in delivery of health care services. While nurses have the power of numbers, knowledge, position, and pride to improve the quality of care for the underserved population, they must exercise the power of politics to make this goal a reality.

Eve Baskerville Cousins

Phyllis Noerager Stern

Makram A. Himaya

Patricia A. Moxley

Maldistribution of primary maternal‐child health care: Mandate for nursing

初级母婴保健分布不均：护理的使命

A study of 308 midwestern college women was undertaken to ascertain their health care practices, problems, and needs. Specific areas investigated were smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug use; gynecologic health practices and problems; nutrition, exercise, and coping strategies; and physical illness and disabilities. The majority of young women in this study appeared to be in good health. Although there were few negative health factors, those factors identified have significance for long‐term health. Problems were identified in the areas of nutrition, gynecologic health practices, and coping strategies. This survey pointed out the need for further study of practices that influence the health of young women.

Mary Jane Schank

Beverly K. Thomas

Michaelina Young

Health care practices, problems, and needs of young adult women

年轻成年女性的医疗保健实践、问题与需求

Reviews of six books that offer some perspective on the nature of women and their roles, the female‐dominated profession of nursing and its growth in research, professional ethics, and bioethics are presented. These particular reviews are offered as guidelines for persons interested in exploring the interrelationships of women, ethics, and professionals within the context of issues in providing health care for and by women.

Henry O. Thompson

Joyce E. Thompson

Women, ethics, and professionals: A review article

女性、伦理与专业人士：综述文章

Much has been written in the last few years about the importance of early mother‐infant contact in order to establish the mother‐infant bond. The success or failure of this early bonding may have lasting effects on both mother and infant. Mothers give behavioral clues that indicate their progress toward mothering (bonding). But far too often the nurses caring for both mother and infant are so busy trying to meet physical needs that they do not spot those clues that indicate the possible need for nursing intervention. An assessment tool has been developed to help nurses assess the development of mothering by hospitalized patients 24 to 36 hours after delivery. It consists of fairly simple observations directed at the earliest mothering behaviors. The use of this assessment strategy should help nurses, both student and practitioner, to be more alert and sensitive to the needs and progress of postpartal patients toward the tasks of mothering. A warm, loving mother‐child relationship is a rich reward for mother, infant, and nurse.

Elaine E. Hayes

Assessment of early mothering: A tool

早期母育评估：一种工具

This paper presents a review of literature for a research study, “Assessment of the Effects of Menopause on Individual Women.”; Three broad problem areas are identified: physiological signs and symptoms of menopause, psychological signs and symptoms, and psychosocial factors associated with menopause. The discussion of psychosocial factors also includes a review of general developmental tasks of the middle‐aged adult. The paper first includes a discussion of present knowledge about menopause. Second, the etiology of menopause is discussed. Third, a review of commonly recurring physiological and psychological signs and symptoms is presented, and last is a discussion of the psychosocial factors commonly associated with menopause.

Pamela Gray Moore

Assessment of the effects of menopause on individual women: A review of literature

绝经对个体女性影响的评估：文献综述

The marital relationship involves a complex series of interactions. These are based upon the expectations and perceptions about oneself, one's partner, roles, and tasks. Pregnancy can initiate major changes in the marital situation within a relatively short period of time. This has implications for the sense of well‐being and satisfaction of each of the partners in terms of their relationship. In this study of 192 middle‐income couples attending childbirth education courses during the third trimester of pregnancy, the subjects reported positive changes in their overall perceptions of the marital relationship. Interestingly, mothers’ perceptions were more positive than were their partners’. This may be a function of the trend toward later births, and increased ages among first‐time mothers. The influences of anticipatory socialization that the childbirth classes provide in terms of role change and support systems may also be a factor. Further investigation is warranted to analyze predictive variables.

Elizabeth Ann DeSalvo Rankin

Nayna Duff Campbell

Perception of relationship changes during the third trimester of pregnancy

妊娠晚期关系变化的感知

This descriptive, longitudinal case study was based on interactions with a 26‐year‐old primigravida during the 5 weeks following her cesarean delivery. Data were collected by means of unstructured interviews and observations. Retrospective analysis revealed that the subject's dominant focus was the change in her body image following cesarean delivery. Initially perceived as less than ideal, her body image appeared to be one of multiple boundary intrusions, hurting sensations, inadequacy of function, and unattractiveness. During the immediate postpartal period, the subject's behaviors demonstrated progress toward attainment of a positive body image of an intact boundary, comfort, adequate function, and beauty. Cesarean delivery was a simultaneous experience of surgery and childbirth, and the subject's behaviors revealed her efforts to cope with bodily changes associated with the operation and delivery of a child. As the subject's real and ideal body images became more congruent, she gradually shifted her attention from herself, mainly her physical self, to her infant, and ultimately the outside world.

Publication Information	Publisher: Hemisphere Publishing Corp.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1983，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

Issues in Health Care of Women

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