应用微生物学和生物技术专注于原核或真核细胞、相关酶和蛋白质；应用遗传学和分子生物技术；基因组学和蛋白质组学；应用微生物和细胞生理学；环境生物技术；工艺和产品等等。该杂志欢迎对新兴产品、工艺和技术的长篇论文和小型评论。

The journal "Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology" focuses on the study of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, related enzymes and proteins; applied genetics and molecular biotechnology; genomics and proteomics; applied microbiology and cell physiology; environmental biotechnology; as well as processes and products. The journal welcomes full-length papers and short reviews on emerging products, processes, and technologies.

《Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology》期刊专注于原核和真核细胞、相关酶和蛋白质的研究；应用遗传学和分子生物技术；基因组学和蛋白质组学；应用微生物学和细胞生理学；环境生物技术；以及工艺和产品等领域。该期刊欢迎关于新兴产品、工艺和技术的长篇论文和小型评论。

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Streptomyces species are ubiquitous, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria with the ability to produce various clinically relevant compounds. The strain 4503 T was isolated from mangrove sediments, showing morphological and chemical properties which were consistent with those of members of the genus Streptomyces. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate was primarily identified as members of the genus Streptomyces, sharing more than 99% sequence identity to Streptomyces yatensis DSM 41771 T, S. antimycoticus NBRC 12839 T, and S. melanosporofaciens NBRC 13061 T. Average nucleotide identities (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain 4503 T and its close relatives were all below 95-96% and 75% of the novel species threshold, respectively. Results from phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics analyses confirmed that the isolate represented a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces niphimycinicus sp. nov. 4503 T (= MCCC 1K04557T = JCM 34996 T) is proposed. The bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract of strain 4503 T resulted in the isolation of a known compound niphimycin C, which showed cytotoxic activity against nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines TW03 and 5-8F with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 12.24 µg/mL and 9.44 µg/mL, respectively. Further experiments revealed that niphimycin C not only exhibited the capacity of anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis, induction of cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis, but was also able to increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and regulate several signaling pathways in NPC cells. KEY POINTS: • Strain 4503 T was classified as a novel species of Streptomyces. • Niphimycin C correlates with the cytotoxic effect of strain 4503 T against NPC cells. • Niphimycin C induces apoptosis, autophagic flux disruption and cell cycle arrest.

Yiying Huang

Wenjin Hu

Shushi Huang

Jiemei Chu

Yushan Liang

Zhanhua Tao

Guiwen Wang

Junlian Zhuang

Zhe Zhang

Xiaoying Zhou

Xinli Pan

Applied microbiology and biotechnology

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

Taxonomy and anticancer potential of Streptomyces niphimycinicus sp. nov. against nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

尼菲霉素链霉菌新种的分类及其对鼻咽癌细胞的抗癌潜力。

L-Tyrosine is an aromatic, polar, non-essential amino acid that contains a highly reactive α-amino, α-carboxyl, and phenolic hydroxyl group. Derivatization of these functional groups can produce chemicals, such as L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, tyramine, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, which are widely employed in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. In this review, we summarize typical L-tyrosine derivatizations catalyzed by enzymatic biocatalysts, as well as the strategies and challenges associated with their production processes. Finally, we discuss future perspectives pertaining to the enzymatic production of L-tyrosine derivatives.Key points• Summary of recent advances in enzyme-catalyzed L-tyrosine derivatization.• Highlights of relevant strategies involved in L-tyrosine derivatives biosynthesis.• Future perspectives on industrial applications of L-tyrosine derivatization.

Xu Tan

Wei Song

Xiulai Chen

Liming Liu

Jing Wu

Recent advances in biocatalytic derivatization of L-tyrosine.

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a diphenolic compound prevalent mainly in olives with pronounced antioxidant activity and proven benefits for human health. Current production limitations have motivated studies concerning the hydroxylation of tyrosol to HT with tyrosinase; however, accumulation of the diphenol is restricted due to its rapid subsequent oxidation to 3,4-quinone-phenylethanol. In this study, a continuous two-enzyme reaction system of sol-gel-immobilized tyrosinase and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) was developed for the synthesis of HT. Purified tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium (TyrBm) and E. coli cell extract expressing GDH from B. megaterium were encapsulated in a sol-gel matrix based on triethoxysilane precursors. While tyrosinase oxidized tyrosol to 3,4-quinone-phenylethanol, GDH catalyzed the simultaneous reduction of the cofactor NAD+ to NADH, which was the reducing agent enabling the accumulation of HT. Using 50 mM tyrosol, the immobilized system under optimized conditions, enabled a final HT yield of 7.68 g/L with productivity of 2.30 mg HT/mg TyrBm beads. Furthermore, the immobilized bi-enzyme system showed the feasibility for HT production from 1 mM tyrosol using a 0.5-L bioreactor as well as stable activity over 8 repeated cycles. The production of other diphenols with commercial importance such as L-dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) or piceatannol may be synthesized with this efficient approach.

Batel Deri-Zenaty

Shani Bachar

Martin Rebroš

Ayelet Fishman

A coupled enzymatic reaction of tyrosinase and glucose dehydrogenase for the production of hydroxytyrosol.

一种酪氨酸酶和葡萄糖脱氢酶耦合反应用于羟基酪醇的生产。

The production of a recombinant nitrilase expressed in Escherichia coli JM109/pNLE was optimized in the present work. Various culture conditions and process parameters, including medium composition, inducer, induction condition, pH and temperature, were systematically examined. The results showed that nitrilase production in E. coli JM109/pNLE was greatly affected by the pH condition and the temperature in batch culture, and the highest nitrilase production was obtained when the fermentation was carried out at 37°C, initial pH 7.0 without control and E. coli was induced with 0.2 mM isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside at 4.0 h. Furthermore, enzyme production could be significantly enhanced by adopting the glycerol feeding strategy with lower flow rate. The enzyme expression was also authenticated by sodium dodecyl phosphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. Finally, under the optimized conditions for fed-batch culture, cell growth, specific activity and nitrilase production of the recombinant E. coli were increased by 9.0-, 5.5-, and 50-fold, respectively.

Jun-Feng Liu

Zhi-Jun Zhang

Ai-Tao Li

Jiang Pan

Jian-He Xu

Significantly enhanced production of recombinant nitrilase by optimization of culture conditions and glycerol feeding.

B. Koliander

W. Hampel

M. Roehr

Indirect estimation of biomass by rapid ribonucleic acid determination

通过快速核糖核酸测定间接估算生物量

Abstract Cysteine cathepsins such as cathepsin B and L play an important role in numerous diseases like acute pancreatitis or SARS-CoV-2 and therefore have high potential for the development of new therapeutics. To be able to screen for potent and selective inhibitors sufficient amounts of protein are required. Here, we present an easy and efficient protocol for the recombinant expression of soluble and active murine cathepsin B and L. For this, we used the strain E. coli SHuffle® T7 Express which is capable of forming disulfide bridges in the cytoplasm. The enzymes were purified by immobilized nickel ion-affinity chromatography. Using different constructs and media, expression levels were significantly improved and expression yields of 80 ± 2 mg L −1 for procathepsin B, which is 16-fold better than previously reported expression yields for procathepsin B, and 37 ± 2 mg L −1 for procathepsin L, were achieved. After activation with dithiothreitol at slightly acidic pH, in vitro kinetic parameters of both cathepsins were determined using the commonly used synthetic substrates Arg-Arg-AMC or Phe-Arg-AMC. Moreover, to investigate the impact of the short C-terminal propeptide of procathepsin B, it was deleted by site-directed mutagenesis, the shortened target protein was expressed and purified, activated in vitro, and its activity was similar to the variant bearing this C-terminal propeptide. Key points • Recombinant gene expression of cathepsin B and L in E. coli SHuffle® T7 Express • Soluble cathepsin expression with high expression yields • Investigation of the short C-terminal propeptide of cathepsin B

Christina Möller

Niklas Rimkus

Ferdinand F O Skala

Maëlle Merouze

Dominique Böttcher

Mark Dörr

Uwe T Bornscheuer

Improved recombinant expression of soluble cathepsin B and L in Escherichia coli

大肠杆菌中可溶性组织蛋白酶B和L的重组表达改进

Metabolomics is a cutting-edge omics technology that identifies metabolites in organisms and their environments and tracks their fluctuations. This field has been extensively utilized to elucidate previously unknown metabolic pathways and to identify the underlying causes of metabolic changes, given its direct association with phenotypic alterations. However, metabolomics inherently has limitations that can lead to false positives and false negatives. First, most metabolites function as intermediates in multiple biochemical reactions, making it challenging to pinpoint which specific reaction is responsible for the observed changes in metabolite levels. Consequently, metabolic processes that are anticipated to vary with metabolite concentrations may not exhibit significant changes, generating false positives. Second, the range of metabolites identified is contingent upon the analytical conditions employed. Until now, no analytical instrument or protocol has been developed that can capture all metabolites simultaneously. Therefore, some metabolites are changed but are not detected, generating false negatives. In this review, we offer a novel and systematic assessment of the limitations of omics technologies and propose-specific strategies to minimize false positives and false negatives through multi-omics approaches. Additionally, we provide examples of multi-omics applications in microbial metabolic engineering and host-microbiome interactions, helping other researchers gain a better understanding of these strategies. KEY POINTS: • Metabolomics identifies metabolic shifts but has inherent false positive/negatives. • Multi-omics approaches help overcome metabolomics' inherent limitations.

Daewon Go

Gun-Hwi Yeon

Soo Jin Park

Yujin Lee

Hyun Gi Koh

Hyunjin Koo

Kyoung Heon Kim

Yong-Su Jin

Bong Hyun Sung

Jungyeon Kim

Integration of metabolomics and other omics: from microbes to microbiome

代谢组学与其他组学的整合：从微生物到微生物组

The halotolerant yeast Scheffersomyces spartinae, commonly found in marine environments, holds significant potential for various industrial applications. Despite this, its genetic characteristics have been relatively underexplored. In this study, we isolated a strain of S. spartinae named YMxiao from seawater in Zhoushan City, China. Through scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry, we characterized S. spartinae YMxiao cells as urn-shaped, demonstrating asymmetric division via budding, and possessing a diploid genome. Compared to the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. spartinae YMxiao exhibited greater tolerance to various stressful conditions. Furthermore, S. spartinae YMxiao was capable of utilizing xylose, mannitol, sorbitol, and arabinose as sole carbon sources for growth. We conducted whole-genome sequencing of S. spartinae YMxiao using a combination of Nanopore and Illumina technologies, resulting in a telomere-to-telomere complete genome assembly of 12 Mb. Genome annotation identified 5311 protein-coding genes, 214 tRNA genes, and 236 transposable elements distributed across 8 chromosomes. Comparative genomics between S. spartinae strains YMxiao and ARV011 revealed genomic variations and evolutionary patterns within this species. Notably, certain genes in S. spartinae strains were found to be under strong positive selection. Additionally, we developed a genetic manipulation protocol that successfully enabled gene knockouts in S. spartinae. Our findings not only enhance our understanding of the S. spartinae genome but also provide a foundation for future research into its potential biotechnological applications. KEY POINTS: • The unique phenotypes and genetic characteristics of S. spartinae were disclosed. • Comparative genomics showed vast genetic variations between S. spartinae strains. • Genetic manipulation protocol was established for S. spartinae strain.

Awkash Sharma

Xing Liu

Jun Yin

Pei-Jing Yu

Lei Qi

Min He

Ke-Jing Li

Dao-Qiong Zheng

Genomic characteristics and genetic manipulation of the marine yeast Scheffersomyces spartinae

海洋酵母Scheffersomyces spartinae的基因组特征与遗传操作

Syngas fermentation to ethanol has reached industrial production. Further improvement of this process would be aided by quantitative understanding of the influence of imposed reaction conditions on the fermentation performance. That requires a reliable model of the microbial kinetics. Data were collected from 37 steady states in chemostats and from many batch experiments that use Clostridium authoethanogenum. Biomass-specific rates from CO conversion experiments were related to each other according to simple reaction stoichiometries and the Pirt equation, with only the ratio of ethanol to acetate production remaining as degree of freedom. No clear dependency of this ratio on dissolved concentrations, such as CO or acetic acid concentration, was found. This is largely caused by the lack of knowledge about the dependency of the CO uptake rate (and hence all other rates) on the CO concentration. This knowledge gap is caused by a lack of dissolved CO measurements. For dissolved H2, a similar gap applies. Modelling H2 consumption adds more degrees of freedom to the system, so that more structured experiments with H2 is needed. The inhibition of gas consumption by acetate and ethanol is partly known but needs further study. KEY POINTS: • Set of Clostridium autoethanogenum syngas fermentation data from chemostats. • Unstructured kinetic models can relate most biomass-specific rates to dilution rates. • Lack of dissolved gas measurements limits deeper understanding.

Iris Kerkhof

Lars Puiman

Adrie J J Straathof

Understanding microbial syngas fermentation rates

理解微生物合成气发酵速率

Type VI secretion system 2 (T6SS2) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is required for cell adhesion and autophagy in macrophages; however, other phenotypes conferred by this T6SS have not been thoroughly investigated. We deleted TssL2, a key component of T6SS2 assembly, to explore the role of the T6SS2 in environmental adaptation and virulence. TssL2 deletion reduced Hcp2 secretion, suggesting that TssL2 played an important role in activity of functional T6SS2. We found that TssL2 was necessary for cell aggregation, wrinkly phenotype formation, and participates in motility and biofilm formation by regulating related genes, suggesting that TssL2 was essential for V. parahaemolyticus to adapt changing environments. In addition, this study demonstrated TssL2 significantly affected adhesion, cytotoxicity, bacterial colonization ability, and mortality in mice, even the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, suggesting that TssL2 was involved in bacterial virulence and immunity. Proteome analysis revealed that TssL2 significantly affected the expression of 163 proteins related to ABC transporter systems, flagellar assembly, biofilm formation, and multiple microbial metabolism pathways, some of which supported the effect of TssL2 on the different phenotypes of V. parahaemolyticus. Among them, the decreased expression of the T3SS1 and T2SS proteins was confirmed by the results of gene transcription, which may be the main reason for the decrease in cytotoxicity. Altogether, these findings further our understanding of T6SS2 components on environmental adaption and virulence during bacterial infection. KEY POINTS: • The role of T6SS2 in V. parahaemolyticus was far from clear. • TssL2 participates in cell aggregation, wrinkly phenotype formation, motility, and biofilm formation. • TssL2 is essential for cell bacterial colonization, cytotoxicity, virulence, and proinflammatory cytokine production.

Xue-Rui Bai

Peng-Xuan Liu

Wen-Chao Wang

Ying-Hong Jin

Quan Wang

Yu Qi

Xiao-Yun Zhang

Wei-Dong Sun

Wei-Huan Fang

Xian-Gan Han

Wei Jiang

TssL2 of T6SS2 is required for mobility, biofilm formation, wrinkly phenotype formation, and virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus SH112

T6SS2的TssL2对于Vibrio parahaemolyticus SH112的移动性、生物膜形成、皱褶表型形成及毒力是必需的

Abbreviation	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
Journal Impact	3.84
Quartiles(Global)	BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY(Q2)

ISSN	0175-7598, 1432-0614
h-index	267

Publication Information	Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH，Publishing cycle: Semimonthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1984，Proportion of original research papers: 80.14%，Self Citation Rate:5.10%， Gold OA Rate: 17.83%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均2.0个月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：50%

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

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