A premier, applied journal of family studies, Family Relations is mandatory reading for family scholars and all professionals who work with families, including: family practitioners, educators, marriage and family therapists, researchers, and social policy specialists. The journal"s content emphasizes family research with implications for intervention, education, and public policy, always publishing original, innovative and interdisciplinary works with specific recommendations for practice.

Family Relations is a leading applied journal in the field of family studies, essential reading for family scholars and all professionals working with families, including family practitioners, educators, marriage and family therapists, researchers, and social policy specialists. The journal focuses on family research with implications for intervention, education, and public policy, consistently publishing original, innovative, and interdisciplinary works that include specific recommendations for practice.

《Family Relations》是一本顶尖的应用家庭研究期刊，是家庭学者及所有与家庭工作相关专业人士的必读刊物，包括家庭从业者、教育工作者、婚姻与家庭治疗师、研究人员和社会政策专家。期刊内容强调家庭研究，关注对干预、教育和公共政策的影响，始终发表原创、创新和跨学科的作品，并提供具体的实践建议。

Family Relations

This study examined the relationships among financial stress encountered by families, parents' social support, parental depressive symptoms, parenting practices, and children's externalizing problem behaviors to advance our understanding of the processes by which family financial stress is associated with children's problem behaviors. We also tested moderated mediation to investigate if these relationships differed depending on children's characteristics. The data were drawn from 290 predominantly rural families with young children who were identified as at risk for the development of serious conduct problems. Using structural equation modeling, we found that the relationship between family income and children's externalizing problem behaviors was mediated by parents' social support, parental depressive symptoms, and parenting practices. The results also showed that the children's levels of aggression severity, academic functioning, and developmental strengths moderated the mediating relationships between family income and parental depressive symptoms and between family income and positive parenting.

Chih-Yuan Steven Lee

Jaerim Lee

Gerald J. August

Financial Stress, Parental Depressive Symptoms, Parenting Practices, and Children's Externalizing Problem Behaviors: Underlying Processes

Objective To examine the association between divorce and partners' allocation of paid and unpaid work, and change over a few key decades in both West Germany and the United States. Background Past research has indicated that partner similarity in time spent on both paid and unpaid work is associated with a higher risk of marital dissolution. We explore whether the association between paid work disparities and divorce or between unpaid work disparities and divorce changed across time or differed between two cultures. Method Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the United States and the German Socio‐Economic Panel for West Germany from the mid‐1980s until the end of the 2000s, we conducted event history analyses. Results Over time, the risk of divorce declined among couples with a more similar division of labor. In parallel, the relative stability of marriages adhering to a dissimilar pattern of unpaid work decreased in Western Germany. Conclusion These results contrast with the predictions of a static normative perspective, but they are consistent with the multiple equilibrium theory, which predicts that divorce risks will decline in tandem with the embrace of more gender similarity in couple arrangements. Thus, evidence suggests that as societies evolve toward greater gender similarity in the division of paid and unpaid work, marital stability will likely improve. Implications Preventive intervention approaches promoting new forms of organization in the division of work between partners may be useful in the quest for improved marital relations and well‐being.

Daniela Bellani

Gøsta Esping‐Andersen

Gendered Time Allocation and Divorce: A Longitudinal Analysis of German and American Couples

Abstract Objective This purpose of this article is to contribute to the literature on the lived experiences of parentification, its long‐term consequences to the self, and coping strategies related to parentification. Background A considerable number of quantitative studies have reported on the adverse consequences of destructive or pathological parentification. Method Nineteen Israeli women aged 30–68 years who believed that they had experienced parentification during childhood and adolescence took part. The women participated in in‐depth semistructured interviews. The data analysis employed the constructivist grounded theory approach. Results The participants described their childhood and adolescence as a horrifying, threatening, invasive, and neglectful experience that demanded constant adaptation to cope with the anxiety and fear of breakdown. A developmental relational trauma model is proposed to account for the relationships described in their responses. Drawing on convergent findings from psychoanalytic and developmental approaches, the model suggests that the participants developed a split self‐structure to cope with these adverse experiences. It is argued that creating a split disconnecting the topographic structure of the self is key to understanding the sources of role reversal. By aiming to overcome the overwhelming experience of abuse and neglect, this split structure paradoxically protects the traumatized participants from the fragmentation of the self through multiple disconnections. Conclusions Parentification can be considered a form of emotional abuse and neglect. Implications Clinicians need to recognize the destructive effects of this relationship on self‐structuring.

Shirley Schorr

Limor Goldner

“Like stepping on glass”: A theoretical model to understand the emotional experience of childhood parentification

“如履薄冰”：理解童年时期父母化情感体验的理论模型

This study examined the extent to which family dinnertime rituals serve a protective role for families experiencing high levels of stress. Using data from a longitudinal study of working‐class couples, the role of dinnertime rituals as a moderator of mothers' and fathers' parenting stress and child psychosocial outcomes was investigated. Greater dinnertime rituals reported by fathers moderated the effect of parenting stress on internalizing problems for girls, but not for boys. Fathers' reports of dinnertime rituals were related to fewer behavioral symptoms, internalizing problems and externalizing problems, and greater adaptive skills for girls. No significant interaction effects for mothers' parenting stress or rituals were found, but there were significant main effects of mothers' parenting stress and dinnertime rituals on child outcomes. These findings suggest that dinnertime rituals can potentially moderate the effects of parenting stress on child outcomes and fathers and daughters showed the greatest benefits of these family practices.

Yesel Yoon

Katie Newkirk

Maureen Perry‐Jenkins

Parenting Stress, Dinnertime Rituals, and Child Well‐being in Working‐Class Families

工薪阶层家庭中的育儿压力、晚餐时间仪式与儿童福祉

The empirical literature on the longer‐term adjustment of children of divorce is reviewed from the perspective of (a) the stressors and elevated risks that divorce presents for children and (b) protective factors associated with better adjustment. The resiliency demonstrated by the majority of children is discussed, as are controversies regarding the adjustment of adult children of divorce. A third dimension of children's responses to divorce, that of lingering painful memories, is distinguished from pathology in order to add a useful complement to risk and resilience perspectives. The potential benefits of using an increasingly differentiated body of divorce research to shape the content of interventions, such as divorce education, by designing programs that focus on known risk factors for children and that assist parents to institute more protective behaviors that may enhance children's longer‐term adjustment is discussed.

Joan B. Kelly

Robert E. Emery

Children's Adjustment Following Divorce: Risk and Resilience Perspectives

离婚后儿童的适应：风险与复原力视角

Abstract Objective We examine variation and correlates of relationship satisfaction in the advanced stages of the pandemic in Italy, focusing on COVID‐19‐induced changes in the division of housework and childcare. Background The consequences of the pandemic were not limited solely to health and economics; couples' division of unpaid work and relationships were also affected. Evidence is scarce as to how families adapted to the “new normal” and the pandemic's long‐term effects on relationship satisfaction. Method We use novel population‐level data collected in September 2021 in Italy. Both descriptive and multivariable analyses are performed separately for men and women. Results In a context of prevalent stability, our findings suggest that the pandemic is associated with substantial variations in family life: 37% of men and women living in heterosexual couples reported changes in their relationship satisfaction. For men and women living in couples wherein the pandemic fostered gender inequalities, relationship satisfaction declined. For partners living in couples in which the pandemic offered the opportunity for a new equilibrium with a more balanced division of unpaid work, relationship satisfaction improved. Conclusions Couples have attempted to adapt to the new reality brought about by the pandemic, experiencing both gains and losses in relationship satisfaction. This work challenges the idea that all couples experienced negative adjustments in relationship satisfaction during the pandemic. Implications Men's adjustments in unpaid work during the pandemic represents an important factor that strengthens relationships, which may set the stage for rethinking couples' role‐sets in a post‐COVID‐19 world.

Daniele Vignoli

Raffaele Guetto

Gender Division of Unpaid Work and Relationship Satisfaction: <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 as an Engine of Family Reshuffling in Italy

无偿工作的性别分工与关系满意度：<scp>COVID</scp>‐19作为意大利家庭重组的引擎

Abstract Objective The study objective was to examine parental mental health and parenting practices during the pandemic and their association with perceptions of adolescent mental health 2 months later. Background Pandemic stress led to greater parental and adolescent mental health issues, including ineffective parenting practices. Parent–adolescent relationship quality may protect parental perceptions of adolescent mental health against ineffective parenting, though few have examined this link. Method In a sample of West Texas parents and caregivers ( N = 194; 46% women) of adolescents ( M age = 14.2; 35% girls), longitudinal structural equation models were used to separately explore parental perceptions of adolescent depression and anxiety due to COVID‐19 stress on parental psychopathology and parenting practices, and the protective role of parent–adolescent relationship quality. Results Depression and anxiety models showed transmission from parents to parental perceptions of adolescent's mental health occurred through distinct parenting practices. Parent–adolescent relationship quality ameliorated the effect of inconsistent discipline on later parental perceptions of adolescent depression and anxiety. Conclusions Parental mental health and parenting practices can act as mechanisms between their chronic stress experiences and their perceptions of their adolescent child's mental health. Implications Promoting mental health resources and parent–adolescent relationship quality may offset the transmission of negative mental health from parents to their adolescents.

Derek D. Morgan

Connað D. Higgins

Christy R. Rogers

The role of parent's mental health in shaping perceptions of adolescent mental health experiences after <scp>COVID</scp>‐19

父母心理健康在塑造青少年新冠疫情后心理健康体验认知中的作用

Abstract Objective This scoping review systematically analyzes empirical research evidence on the acceptance and effectiveness of AI technology for older adults' social connectedness with a focus on sociocultural factors from an ecological perspective. Background The global aging population faces significant challenges, including physical decline and social isolation. AI assistive technologies may offer promising solutions to support independent daily activities and improve social connectedness with family and community. Various facilitators and barriers were known to influence the acceptance and effectiveness of these technologies in promoting the well‐being of older adults. Method Using Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) framework, we examined 30 peer‐reviewed articles identified from three major databases (Web of Science, Embase, and IEEE Xplore). Results The review revealed a range of research characteristics and technologies involved. AI technologies such as social robots and telepresence systems were effective in reducing loneliness and enhancing social connectedness. Key factors affecting the technology acceptance and effectiveness included technological features, sociodemographic characteristics of individual users (e.g., age, health status, gender, educational background and prior experience with technology, marital status, and living arrangements), and cultural relevance. Conclusion A sociocultural perspective is crucial to understand heterogeneity in technology use and its effectiveness among older adults. Implications Future research should focus on customization based on cultural relevance, sustainable effects, and robust research methodologies to develop effective and inclusive AI technologies for older adults and their families.

Soobin You

Heejeong Choi

A sociocultural perspective on <scp>AI</scp> assistive technology for older adults' social connectedness: A scoping review

老年人社交联系的AI辅助技术的社会文化视角：一项范围综述

Abstract Objective The purpose was to test a new evidence‐based online preventive intervention designed to help parents improve the sibling relationships of their 4‐ to 8‐year‐old children. Background Few evidence‐based resources exist to address parents' concerns about fostering positive sibling relationships. To address this need, the emotion‐focused online program placed parents in the role of educator, preparing them to teach their children social and emotional competencies shown in previous research to promote prosocial sibling interaction. Method Eighty‐six mothers provided assessments of children's sibling relationship quality, child and parent emotion regulation abilities, and coparenting quality prior to and following completion of four online lessons. A randomly assigned wait‐list control group of mothers ( n = 49) provided comparable assessments. Results Repeated measures multivariate analyses of covariance revealed that, following program completion, participants perceived their children to demonstrate greater sibling warmth and less agonism and rivalry. Effects were sustained at 3 months. Mothers also reported increased abilities to regulate their own emotions as well as greater collaboration and support in their coparenting relationship. Conclusion Results support the effectiveness of the online More Fun with Sisters and Brothers Program for Parents for enabling mothers from diverse international communities to support positive sibling relationships. Implications Increasing access to evidence‐based tools for strengthening sibling relationships can enable parents to support these vital lifelong bonds.

Laurie Kramer

Payton E. Carroll

Reshika Sai Devarajan

Strengthening children's sibling relationships using an online preventive intervention program for parents

利用在线预防性干预计划加强儿童的兄弟姐妹关系

Abstract Objective The present study explores how immigrant adolescents differ in their experiences of language brokering and how acculturation gaps may relate to adolescents' self‐esteem. Background Adolescents often translate on behalf of immigrant parents and other family members, a process known as language brokering (LB). Because language brokering requires adolescents to be in extended close contact with parents, their subjective experiences of language brokering may relate to their individual well‐being through their acculturation congruence with their parents. Method Three hundred four bilingual participants aged 13 to 17 years completed an online questionnaire about demographics, translating activities, acculturation congruence, and self‐esteem. From affirmative responses to the translation item, a subsample of 188 language brokers was created for analyses of indirect effects. Results There were no significant differences between language brokers and non–language brokers on acculturation congruence. Among the language brokers, acculturation congruence had indirect effects on LB efficacy, burden, positive, and negative attitudes to self‐esteem. Conclusion There is no evidence of an acculturation gap for language brokers and non–language brokers. Acculturation congruence has indirect effects on the subjective experiences of LB on self‐esteem. Implications Parent‐adolescent relationship quality may be key in regulating the relation of LB to individual well‐being.

Abbreviation	Fam. Relat.
Journal Impact	1.67
Quartiles(Global)	SOCIAL WORK(Q1)

ISSN	0197-6664, 1741-3729
h-index	101

Publication Information	Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1996，Proportion of original research papers: 98.29%，Self Citation Rate:11.80%， Gold OA Rate: 24.60%

Family Relations

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Financial Stress, Parental Depressive Symptoms, Parenting Practices, and Children's Externalizing Problem Behaviors: Underlying Processes

Gendered Time Allocation and Divorce: A Longitudinal Analysis of German and American Couples

“Like stepping on glass”: A theoretical model to understand the emotional experience of childhood parentification

Parenting Stress, Dinnertime Rituals, and Child Well‐being in Working‐Class Families

Children's Adjustment Following Divorce: Risk and Resilience Perspectives

Gender Division of Unpaid Work and Relationship Satisfaction: COVID‐19 as an Engine of Family Reshuffling in Italy

The role of parent's mental health in shaping perceptions of adolescent mental health experiences after COVID‐19

A sociocultural perspective on AI assistive technology for older adults' social connectedness: A scoping review

Strengthening children's sibling relationships using an online preventive intervention program for parents

Emerging Ideas – Intergenerational congruence with parents and language brokering: Implications on adolescent self‐esteem