Geofizicheskiĭ zhurnal

У другій частині статті продовжується розгляд, за комплексом геофізичних методів, глибинної будови земної кори регіонів України, зокрема Волино-Подільської плити (ВПП), а також поверхні Мохо і мантії до глибини 850 км. Наведено геотермічну, густинну, геомагнітну та геоелектричну моделі кори. За сейсмічними даними показано, що осадовий чохол ВПП на межі з Транс’європейською шовною зоною (ТТЗ) занурюється на глибину біля 4 км проти 8—10 км, як вважалося раніше, тому що решту глибинної частини Підкарпатського трогу складають подрібнені докембрійські кристалічні породи. Межею між Східноєвропейським кратоном (СЄК) і варисцидами Західної та Центральної Європи (ВЗЦЄ) є Передкарпатський розлом, який піднімається від кільоподібного прогину поверхні Мохо під Передкарпатський передовий прогин. Кільоподібний прогин поверхні Мохо під ТТЗ є найглибшою частиною цієї поверхні на території України за даними профілів ширококутного відбиття/заломлення (WARR). У середньому глибина залягання поверхні Мохо на території України, за даними WARR, становить 40—45 км. За матеріалами геотраверсів ГСЗ і профілів WARR у земній корі і верхній частині верхньої мантії спостерігаються лістричні зони розломів, які занурюються в мантію до глибини спостержень сейсмічними методами (75—80 км). Далі у вигляді субдукуючих слебів завтовшки 100—250 км і протяжністю від 300 до 1000 км вони простежуються, за даними сейсмотомографії, на глибину 250—400 км. У статті коротко розглянуто особливості методики сейсмотомографічних досліджень, розробленої в Інституті геофізики ім. С.І. Субботіна НАН України, і наведено схему розміщення основних сутурних зон і слебів на дослідженій території. Занурення слебів спостерігається головно від Фенноскандії та від межі Фенноскандія — Волго-Уралія під Сарматію, а також від СЄК під ТТЗ і ВЗЦЄ і від ВЗЦЄ під ТТЗ. З цього випливає, що результати сейсмотомографії цілком об’єктивно підтверджують висновки прибічників плитотектонічних ідей, висловлені у 1970—1980-х роках ще до появи цих результатів. Наведено загальні висновки за результатами досліджень, викладених у І і ІІ частинах статті. Наголошується, що отримані у ХХІ ст. геофізичні та геологічні дані не залишають сумнівів у тому, що геологічний розвиток Сарматії, в тому числі платформної території України, від неоархею до сучасності відбувається за геодинамічними законами плитової—плюмової тектоніки, яким автори не бачать серйозної альтернативи.

Vitaly Starostenko

Oleg Gintov

Ganna Murovska

Sergii Mychak

Dmytro Lysynchuk

Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal

Tectonics and deep structure of the southwestern part of the East European Craton within Ukraine. PART II.

乌克兰境内东欧克拉通西南部的构造与深部结构。第二部分。

The article analyzes the features characterizing the Lower Kura depression (LKD). A number of hydrocarbon deposits have been discovered in this oil and gas region. The Kalmas underground gas storage facility, which has the largest volume in Azerbaijan, is also located in this area. In the LKD, all PS formations can be traced throughout the entire well section. The reservoir properties of the rocks were considered to study the features of the area. In order to study the reservoir properties in the well section, the field applies data obtained by using a complex of well logging (WL) methods (laterolog, spontaneous potential logging, induction logging, gamma logging, neutron logging, acoustic logging) and analyses of rock samples. The graphs were constructed to evaluate the relationship between petrophysical parameters (porosity, permeability, etc.) determined in the rocks involved in the well sections of the object of research. In the article, maps of porosity distribution, permeability and permeability of sandy siltstone rocks and fractions greater than 0.1 of the Productive Series of the South-Eastern Gobustan and Baku Archipelago, which are part of the Low Kura Depression, are plotted and analysed. Plots showing the porosity distribution of the Low Kura Depression by depth were also constructed and some results were obtained. Based on reservoir properties, the region is divided into 6 groups, and in each group intermediate values of the porosity and permeability coefficient are determined. In general, the porosity coefficient ranges within 5-25%, permeability – 1-250 mD. The reservoir properties of rocks vary over area from worse to better. The capacitance-filtration properties of rocks were studied. The rock samples analysed identified rocks with good and low reservoir characteristics. To study the variation in the determining factors, maps of the distribution of reservoir properties indicators (fractions greater than 0.1 mm; porosity and permeability in sand-siltstone-containing rocks) were compiled by area and their causes were determined by comparison with other oil and gas fields. It was found that with distance from the mouth of the Kura River (towards the right and left banks), the reservoir properties of the rocks deteriorate. This is due to an increase in the amount of clay in rocks. It is also clarified that the change in porosity coefficient does not depend on depth. The content of sand-siltstone composition in the rocks along the section is 20-50%.

Vaqif Seidov

Lala Khalilova

Ilhama Bayramova

Analysis of the reservoir properties of rocks of the Lower Kura depression (Azerbaijan)

下库拉凹陷岩石储层性质分析（阿塞拜疆）

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of genesis and mineralogical potential of Chemerpol iron-magnetite structure, its difference from other similar objects of Central Bug area. As an independent geological-geophysical object it was established according to the data of gravimetric and magnetometric survey of medium scale as a complex localised maximum of subisometric shape with diameter of 1.7 km and area of 2.8 km2. In regional structural and tectonic terms, this maximum is confined to the Sinitsiv block of the Golovanovsk suture zone. As of today, the Chemerpol structure has been sufficiently investigated by mapping drilling and various geophysical methods at the level of the crystalline basement surface. Based on the obtained data, the main petrophysical complexes involved in its structure have been determined. The industrial and mineralogical potential of the Chemerpolska structure is estimated at 100 million tons of magnetite quartzites and carbonate formations, as well as 2 tons of exogenous gold in the weathering crust. No estimates have been made of the underlying gold deposits. Copper mineralisation, represented by the natural copper, chalcopyrite and chalcosine, has been identified in the weathering crust and crystalline basement. By structural and tectonic features, petrophysical and mineralogical diversity, the Chemerpolska structure can be attributed to local pipe volcanic-magmatic objects. Its closest well-studied geological analogues may be such Precambrian "stratified" iron-oxide-gold-copper deposits as Solobot and others of the Carajas ore district in Brazil. For geological verification of new conclusions about the peculiarities of the Chemerpol structure and its actual ore potential, it is necessary to continue its study based, first of all, on the data of targeted structural exploration drilling and deep seismic and electrical exploration methods. The economic efficiency of extraction of the main mineral components of the Chemerpolska structure - gold and magnetite iron - can be increased due to the accompanying use of non-metallic calcifiers for the manufacture of sintering flux, soil deoxidation, raw materials for road pavement.

Volodymyr Yentin

Volodymyr Pavlyuk

Vitaliy Kyslyuk

Maria Bakarzhieva

The Chemerpil gravimagnetic anomaly as a modern reflection of the unique Precambrian volcanic-plutonic magnetite-gold mineralisation structure of the Ukrainian Shield (Middle Bug area)

Chemerpil重力磁异常作为乌克兰地盾（中布格地区）独特的前寒武纪火山-深成岩磁铁矿-金矿化结构的现代反映

For the first time, a geological and geoelectrical interpretation of the three-dimensional model of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle was carried out for the Pre-Dobrudga Trough and adjacent areas. It was based on observations of the Earth’s low-frequency electromagnetic field conducted in 2009―2012 by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The material confidently indicates that hydrocarbon occurrences are confined to the detected anomalies of high electrical conductivity. These are characterized by subvertical channels (from the surface to 10 km deep) galvanically connected with sediments or sub-vertical contact zones of different resistivity observed not only in the Earth’s crust (10―40 km) but also at crust-mantle depths (40―60 km) and in the upper mantle (110―160 km).The channels may determine the flow of ultra-deep fluids. The geoelectric criteria included maximum thickness of the sedimentary stratum, subvertical rise of electrical conductivity anomalies from the crust-mantle depths or column to the entire thickness of the Earth’s crust, subvertical boundaries of heterogeneities (contacts of different resistivity) in the consolidated Earth’s crust and upper mantle,presence of a highly conductive asthenospheric layer. We identified a significant number of local areas that can be considered promising for hydrocarbon occurrence. The majority of them spatially coincided with the already well-known oil and gas fields ― Skhidnosaratske and Zhovtoyarske, with the explored oil and gas prospective areas (Izmailska, Kyslytska, Prymorska, Shyrokivska), and with those that correspond to the areas of special permits for industrial exploration. However, the newly discovered areas that meet most of the geoelectric criteria, but for which no no information on oil and gas content is publicly available, clearly require additional geological and geophysical studies. It has been shown that zones of high electrical conductivity caused by the presence of deep fluids should be considered as deep centers of hydrocarbon generation and ways of their migration to the upper horizons of the Earth’s crust.

T.K. Burakhovych

A.M. Kushnir

A.Yu. Stolpakov

Geoelectric heterogeneities of the Pre-Dobrudga Trough a zone of hydrocarbon manifestations

多布罗加前渊地电非均匀性与烃类显示区

The authors of the idea of linking strip magnetic anomalies with the formation of their sources under the influence of the Earth’s alternating magnetic field thought it possible to study the movement of lithospheric plates with their help. Most of them quickly abandoned such intentions. Nevertheless, most geophysicists in the world believe this is possible. The material accumulated over the 60 years of the idea’s existence contradicts it. The article reviews the currently known facts from the standpoint of plate tectonics and from the point of view of alternative ideas about the formation of the oceans and their crust. The discussion focuses on the spatial distribution and intensity of band anomalies of the oceans’ magnetic field and on their sources being restricted to certain types of rocks and layers of sections of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle. According to the author, they cannot be explained in any way by the plate tectonics concept. This conclusion is consistent with the long-standing results of many geophysicists. Recognition of this fact is restrained only by the unwillingness to abandon ingrained stereotypes. A variant of the process of oceanization of the continental crust proposed by the author, most of all reminiscent of continental endogenous regimes, reminiscent of rifting, accommodates models for the formation of band anomalies without involving sources with reverse magnetization. In oceanic basins, such sources have not been found at all. They occur in limited areas, but their experimentally determined parameters do not allow for an explanation of the observed magnetic field.

Vadim Gordienko

On the magnetic field of the oceans

关于海洋磁场

Abbreviation	GZh
Journal Impact	0.78
Quartiles(Global)	GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS(Q4)

Publication Information	Publisher: Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by S.I. Subbotin name，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2021，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:66.70%， Gold OA Rate: 99.47%
Average review cycle	16 weeks

Geofizicheskiĭ zhurnal

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Tectonics and deep structure of the southwestern part of the East European Craton within Ukraine. PART II.

Analysis of the reservoir properties of rocks of the Lower Kura depression (Azerbaijan)

The Chemerpil gravimagnetic anomaly as a modern reflection of the unique Precambrian volcanic-plutonic magnetite-gold mineralisation structure of the Ukrainian Shield (Middle Bug area)

Geoelectric heterogeneities of the Pre-Dobrudga Trough a zone of hydrocarbon manifestations

On the magnetic field of the oceans

Tectonics and deep structure of the southwestern part of the East European Craton within Ukraine. PART II.

Analysis of the reservoir properties of rocks of the Lower Kura depression (Azerbaijan)

The Chemerpil gravimagnetic anomaly as a modern reflection of the unique Precambrian volcanic-plutonic magnetite-gold mineralisation structure of the Ukrainian Shield (Middle Bug area)

Geoelectric heterogeneities of the Pre-Dobrudga Trough a zone of hydrocarbon manifestations

On the magnetic field of the oceans