Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in the postpartum period being frequently implicated as a cause of mastitis, and nursery outbreaks, among others as well as its increasing resistance to common antibiotics. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the presence of S. aureus in pregnant women attend¬ing clinics in rural towns in Eastern Cape, South Africa. A total of 82 pregnant women at 35‒37 weeks of gestation were sampled for the presence of S. aureus. Using standard microbiological methods, presump¬tive S. aureus isolates were obtained from vaginal and rectal swab samples. The isolates were confirmed by conventional polymerase chain reaction and then tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the disc diffusion technique. Presence of resistance genes and virulence determinants were equally profiled. A to¬tal of 47 (57.3%) out of 82 pregnant women were colonized with S. aureus. Only two virulence genes PVL- 37/47 (78.7%) and eta-10/47 (21.3%) were detected in the isolates. The isolates were all resistant to penicillin G and clindamycin (100%), while resistances to tetracycline, vancomycin, rifampicin were 71% and resistance to oxacillin and erythromycin were above 80% while resistance to other antibiotics tested were below 40%. The isolates showed multiple resistance to 5-6 antimicrobials with indices ranging from 0.5-0.6. Genes encoding resistance to erythromycin (ermB), tetracycline (tetM), and rifampicin (rPOB) were found in 72.7% (34/47) of the isolates, while 15% (7/47) possessed the Bla-Z (penicillin). The high antibiotics resistance traits found in the isolates analysed indicates limited therapeutic options and portents a major threat to public health.

B.C. Iweriebor

K.O. Afolabi

O.S. Egbule

P.Z. Stoffile

L.C. Obi

Evaluation of the Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance Trait, and Virulence Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the Anogenital Area of 35-37 Weeks Pregnant Women

35-37周孕妇肛生殖区金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的流行率、抗菌药物抗性特征及毒力因子评估

Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that is capable of causing several types of infections acquired in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. The presence of S. aureus in the nasal cavity is significant for both the spread and development of infection. The goal of this study is to detect some virulence genes hla and CrtN of S. aureus. Thirty samples were collected from patients with otitis, and nose and throat infection from Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital and external Labs for the period December 2021 to February 2022. Oti¬tis and Rhinitis swabs were taken from the patients and cultured on Mannitol salt agar and blood agar then gram stain and biochemical test were done. DNA was extracted from these isolates, and PCR was used to detect 16s rRNA, hla, and CrtN genes. The results showed after the phenotypic, microscopic, and biochem¬ical test, 20 isolates were referred to as S. aureus, which is approximately 66.6% of the total samples. The infection rate among youth and children was higher than that of the elderly and children in particular. Most bacterial infections of the pharynx, nose, and throat are the cause of S. aureus about 90%. DNA extract from 20 positive samples for S. aureus, the diagnosis of the samples was confirmed by 16s rRNA gene. The PCR results showed 18 samples carrying the hla gene by 90% of the total samples, while only 14 samples were carrying the CrtN gene at 80%.

O.D. Salahdin

R.O. Saleh

S.A. Jasim

S.S. Al- Janabi

Detection of Virulence Genes Hla (α-hemolysis), CrtN (staphyloxanthin) for Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients with Otitis and Rhinitis

从耳炎和鼻炎患者分离的金黄色葡萄球菌毒力基因Hla（α-溶血素）和CrtN（葡萄球菌黄素）的检测

Amino acids, serving as fundamental building blocks of proteins, can also act as inducers in essential metabolic pathways across various microorganisms. The metabolic effects of synthetic and biologically produced amino acid L-tryptophan on two Pseudomonas strains – Pseudomonas chlororaphis 1S4 and Pseudomonas yamanorum 1046 were compared in this study. Both strains belong to the plant growth-pro¬moting rhizobacteria. The inducers impacted the production of the primary auxin phytohormone in the plant kingdom, the indole-3-acetic acid. The biologically produced L-tryptophan exerted a more pronounced positive effect on its production in both strains, increasing the process efficiency.

G. Georgieva

M. Badalova

T. Nedeva

Induction of Two Pseudomonas Strains Indole Acetic Acid Production by Synthetic and Biologically-Produced L-Tryptophan: a Comparative Study

两种假单胞菌株吲哚乙酸合成的诱导：合成与生物合成L-色氨酸的比较研究

Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) are major contrib¬utors to chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Discovered in the 1960s and 1980s, these viruses are associated with significant global health burdens. HBV, a member of the He¬padnaviridae family, is a partially double-stranded DNA virus responsible for chronic liver infections that can lead to HCC. Despite the success of HBV vaccination, challenges such as vaccine escape mutants and non-responders persist. HCV, a member of the Flaviviridae family and a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, affects millions globally. While direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) can achieve high rates of viral clearance, vaccine development remains hindered by genetic diversity and immune evasion. HDV, the smallest known human virus, relies on HBV for its propagation. It exacerbates liver disease and increases HCC risk, particularly in co-infected individuals. HDV does not integrate into the host genome, suggesting indirect mechanisms of carcinogenesis, potentially through interactions with HBV. Addressing these chal¬lenges requires enhanced vaccination strategies, improved antiviral therapies, and continued research to understand the complex interplay between these viruses and liver cancer development.

R. Alexandrova

H. Hristov

P. Kirov

A. Abudalleh

T. Zhivkova

L. Dyakova

G. Dimitrov

Chronic Viral Infections and Hepatic Oncogenesis

慢性病毒感染与肝癌发生

Cheese is essential to the daily human diet. Rich in nutrients such as proteins and carbohydrates, it is the perfect environment for developing microorganisms. The study aimed to screen the antimicrobi¬al resistance of pathogenic microorganisms isolated from imported Bulgarian cheeses. Randomly picked isolates of bacteria and fungi were cultured in selective and differential media. Isolates were identified using the Crystal Gram-positives system, catalase, PYR-test, and API 20 C AUX Candida. Antimicrobial susceptibility screening was performed against 19 antibiotics and three antifungal substances, according to EUCAST-2023 (The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing). Isolated bacteria were identified as pathogenic Enterococcus durans, two strains of Enterococcus faecalis 1 and 2, and Staphy¬lococcus simulans. Isolated yeasts belong also to pathogenic Candida krusei – four strains, and Candida glabrata – one strain. Only one strain - E. faecalis-2 showed resistance to three antibiotics from the class of Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Norfloxacin) while the other bacterial strains: E. fae¬calis-1, E. durans, and S. simulans, were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. The fungal isolates C. krusei and C. glabrata demonstrated susceptibility to all three tested antifungal drugs.

G. Satchanska

S. Davidova

D. Borisova

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Food-Borne Pathogens Isolated from Frequently Consumed Cheeses in Bulgaria

保加利亚常见消费奶酪中食源性病原体抗菌敏感性研究

Publication Information	Publisher: Bulgarian Society for Microbiology (Union of Scientists in Bulgaria)，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2017，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%

Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica

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Evaluation of the Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance Trait, and Virulence Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the Anogenital Area of 35-37 Weeks Pregnant Women

Detection of Virulence Genes Hla (α-hemolysis), CrtN (staphyloxanthin) for Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients with Otitis and Rhinitis

Induction of Two Pseudomonas Strains Indole Acetic Acid Production by Synthetic and Biologically-Produced L-Tryptophan: a Comparative Study

Chronic Viral Infections and Hepatic Oncogenesis

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Food-Borne Pathogens Isolated from Frequently Consumed Cheeses in Bulgaria

Evaluation of the Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance Trait, and Virulence Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the Anogenital Area of 35-37 Weeks Pregnant Women

Detection of Virulence Genes Hla (α-hemolysis), CrtN (staphyloxanthin) for Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients with Otitis and Rhinitis

Induction of Two Pseudomonas Strains Indole Acetic Acid Production by Synthetic and Biologically-Produced L-Tryptophan: a Comparative Study

Chronic Viral Infections and Hepatic Oncogenesis

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Food-Borne Pathogens Isolated from Frequently Consumed Cheeses in Bulgaria

ISSN	0204-8809, 2603-3755
h-index	5