Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya

Background. The study of new antimicrobial substances isolated from the living organism tissues is of particular importance for medicine and the biopharmaceutical industry. Leukocyte peptides can act as an alternative to traditional antibiotics to overcome the bacterial antibiotic resistance problem. Aim. Evaluation of molecular weight and biological activity of ultrasound-derived leukocyte peptides. Methods. Separation of leukocyte peptide complexes into particular fractions by reverse phase chromatography and evaluation of their antibacterial activity by serial dilution and diffusion methods. Results. Studies have shown that one peptide fraction with a molecular weight of 440–570 Da has pronounced antibacterial activity. Conclusion . The obtained experimental data testify to the high therapeutic potential of the leukocyte protein-peptide complex, which has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity.

A. G. Volkov

L. I. Kononova

V. P. Korobov

L. V. Volkova

Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy

Study of Molecular Parameters and Antibacterial Activity of a Peptide Preparation Derived from Human Leukocytes

人白细胞来源肽制剂的分子参数及抗菌活性研究

The created cell line of human proximal renal tubules RPTEC/TERT1 showed maximum compliance with primary human RPTEC, which makes it optimal for use in studies of the nephrotoxic properties of xenobiotics. Transepithelial resistance measurement (TEER) is a valuable non-invasive method that can be used to quantify the integrity of the cell barrier at various stages of cell growth and differentiation, as well as to predict the toxicity and permeability of drugs. The aim of the study was to examine the dynamics of changes in transepithelial resistance in the model of the RPTEC/TERT1 cell line during incubation with drugs with nephrotoxic effects. Material and methods. The human proximal renal tubule cell line RPTEC/TERT was obtained from the ATCC cell culture bank. Cells at passage 14 were used in the experiment. The following drugs were studied: cisplatin: 2.5 mcg/ml; vancomycin: 50 mcg/ml; doripenem — 20mcg/ml; cefepim — 150mcg/ml. 4–5 repetitions were performed for each concentration of the drug in the experiment. THEER measurements were carried out 4–5 times for each well. Results. Cisplatin, vancomycin, doripenem, and cefepim in the concentrations used do not show a cytotoxic effect on the RPTEC cell line according to TEER dynamics.

V. A. Evteev

I. S. Semenova

N. D. Bunyatyan

A. B. Prokofiev

V. G. Kukes

Study of Antibacterial Drugs’ Nephrotoxicity in the RPTEC Cell Line

抗菌药物在RPTEC细胞系中的肾毒性研究

Background. To date, virologists have identified more than 25,000 influenza virus А serotypes, and their number will increase in the future. Therefore, the development of new antiviral drugs will always be relevant. The aim of the study is to obtain and test the chemical composition and antiviral activity of the lichen Cetraria islandica extracts against the influenza A virus. Material and methods. Samples of lichen Cetraria islandica (aqueous and ethanol extracts) were tested for toxic properties and antiviral activity against influenza A virus in MDCK cell culture. Results. Samples of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Cetraria islandica were obtained; their chemical composition was described. In MDCK cell culture, the extracts exhibited antiviral activity against human influenza virus А/H3N2 and avian influenza virus А/H5N1. When studying the mechanism of action of Cetraria islandica extracts, it was noted that Cetraria islandica samples possess pronounced antiviral properties against avian influenza A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) and human influenza A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) at the stage of their adsorption and reproduction. Conclusions. Samples of Cetraria islandica have antiviral activity at the stage of adsorption and reproduction of influenza A virus in MDCK cell culture. The ethanol extract shows a higher antiviral efficacy compared to the aqueous extract.

E. V. Makarevich

M. A. Protsenko

O. Yu. Mazurkov

E. I. Filippova

N. A. Mazurkova

Experimental Medications Made with &lt;i&gt;Сetraria islandica&lt;/i&gt; Showing Antiviral Activity against Influenza A Virus

抗流感病毒A活性的<i>冰岛衣</i>实验药物

Biofilms play a significant role in the existence of bacteria under adverse conditions and the pathogenesis of infections. They contribute to the creation of reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This determines the relevance of the search for biologically active substances that inhibit the formation of biofilms. In recent years, the objects of intensive study are fucoidans — sulfated polysaccharides from marine brown algae, which have a wide polyfunctional spectrum of action. Their influence on the formation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis biofilm in a dynamic model simulating the natural conditions of ecosystems of fucoidans belonging to different structural groups was investigated in this study. They are synthesized by brown algae: Fucus evanescens , Saccharina cichorioides , and Saccharina japonica . The fucoidan isolated from F.evanescens have showed the most pronounced antibiotic activity. The authors developed a new approach that allows obtaining stable results of multidirectional action of sulfated polysaccharides on the biofilm formation of Y.pseudotuberculosis .

E. V. Matosova

N. N. Besednova

M. I. Kusaikin

B. G. Andryukov

I. D. Makarenkova

M. Yu. Shchelkanov

I. N. Lyapun

M. P. Bynina

S. P. Ermakova

T. N. Zvyagintseva

Antibiofilm Activity of Fukoidans Isolated from Brown Algae

褐藻中分离的褐藻聚糖的抗生物膜活性

Background. The modern healthcare system is constantly improving and introducing new measures to protect the population from viral diseases, but the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that infections cannot always be controlled on global scale. In this regard, the development of new broad-spectrum antiviral drugs is more relevant than ever. The aim of the study was to investigate the antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of copolymers of sodium styrene sulfonate and vinyl monomers of various chemical structures, as well as to identify promising polymers for the development of new antiviral agents. Materials and methods. 14 copolymers of sodium styrene sulfonate (NaSS) with various functional comonomers were synthesized. Three viruses with different reproduction strategies and transmission methods — respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and herpes virus — were selected for the assessment of antiviral activity. Results. The screening identified copolymers that showed high activity against all three viruses. It was found that the introduction of various functional groups into the structure of NaSS did not decrease antiviral activity, but significantly reduced cytotoxicity. The molecular weight has also shown a noticeable effect on the activity. Different sensitivity of viruses and cells to the studied polymers was revealed, likely due to the structural features of the virus shell and cell wall. Conclusions. The results demonstrate the potential of sodium styrene sulfonate copolymers as a model for developing a broad-spectrum antiviral drug.

D. N. Razgulyaeva

A. M. Klabukov

A. V. Galochkina

A. V. Garshinina

O. N. Zhuravskaya

I. I. Gavrilova

V. A. Manakhov

N. A. Nesterova

A. A. Shtro

E. F. Panarin

Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity of Drugs from the Group of Polymer Electrolyte Derivatives against a Wide Range of Viruses

聚合物电解质衍生物类药物抗病毒活性对多种病毒的评价

The problem of infectious endocarditis (IE) still retains its importance due to high mortality rates and the development of severe complications. Modern IE is a polyethological disease, the occurrence and development of which can be caused by pathogens that make up an extremely extensive list, which is updated almost annually. At the same time, serious obstacles standing in the way of eﬀective antimicrobial therapy are both the increasing resistance of IE pathogens to antibiotics and the increasing etiological role of infectious agents that were previously very rare. This article presents the basic principles of treatment and prevention of IE, taking into account the latest recommendations of the experts of the European Society of Cardiology in 2023.

B. S. Belov

G. M. Tarasova

N. V. Muravyeva

Antibacterial Therapy and Prevention of Infectious Endocarditis in Modern Conditions

现代条件下抗菌治疗与感染性心内膜炎的预防

The globalization of the problem of the formation of bacterial strains poly- and pan-resistant to known antimicrobial drugs creates high risks in the healthcare sector. The threat of a return to the «pre-antibiotic» era dictates the need to search for alternative forms of antibacterial therapy. Phage therapy, based on the use of a natural, widely distributed in the environment, accessible antimicrobial agent, is again becoming relevant. The article highlights the mechanisms of antiviral protection of prokaryotes at various stages of interaction between the virus and the target cell. Revealing the secrets of the confrontation between bacteria and viruses, their co-evolution is necessary to increase the eﬀectiveness of phage therapy and develop modern means of overcoming bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents.

А. D. Daudova

Yu. Z. Demina

R. O. Abdrakhmanova

G. R. Baeva

T. S. Rubalskaia

A. L. Yasenyavskaya

O. V. Rubalsky

M. A. Samotrueva

Mechanisms of Antiphage Defense in Prokaryotes

原核生物抗噬菌体防御机制

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections acquired in psychiatric hospitals. The aim of this study was to analyze the change in antibiotic activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and their concentrations in patients at a specialized psychiatric hospital, which is necessary for the dynamic analysis of antibiotic resistance and to prevent its future development. The authors retrospectively analyzed 144 outcomes (34 men and 110 women) with an identiﬁed UTI, the causative pathogens of which were E. coli (N=82) and a representative of the gram-positive ﬂora, S. aureus (N=62). The results suggest that antibiotic resistance of UTI pathogens may have a negative trend on the prevalence of resistant strains. Ciproﬂoxacin was the most active antibiotic against UTIs caused by E. coli. S. aureus is more resistant to antibiotics and has a greater predisposition to ﬁxation in the urinary tract due to the creation of bioﬁlms.

N. N. Mitrofanova

I. A. Sorokin

Dynamic Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in a Specialized Psychiatric Hospital

专科精神病院尿路感染患者大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌菌株耐药性动态分析

Aim. Justiﬁcation of the optimal dosage regimen regarding the eﬃcacy and safety of Eladis®, ﬁlm-coated tablets, 10 mg (Valenta Pharm JSC, Russia) in comparison with placebo in patients with non-productive cough due to acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI). Material and methods. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized multicenter study was conducted in which 141 patients with non-productive cough on the background of acute respiratory viral infection took part. The study participants were randomized into 4 groups. Patients from the ﬁrst group took 1 tablet of Eladis® 2 times a day (daily dose of 20 mg); patients from the second group took 2 tablets of Eladis® 2 times a day (daily dose of 40 mg); patients from the third group took 4 tablets of Eladis® 2 times a day (daily dose of 80 mg). Patients in the fourth group received placebo tablets in quantities corresponding to the ﬁrst three groups. For this purpose, 3 subgroups of 12 people were allocated within group 4. The duration of therapy was 7–14 days. The eﬀectiveness of therapy was assessed based on monitoring the frequency of cough attacks, changes in values on the day and night cough scales, a digital rating scale (DRS), and the time to achieve clinical cure of cough and ARVI symptoms was also taken into account. The safety of the studied drug was assessed based on monitoring of vital signs, laboratory parameters, and electrocardiogram (ECG) data. The number and severity of adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) were assessed. Results. Analysis of data on the primary endpoint (reduction of cough attack frequency by ;)50% by the 5th day relative to the 1st visit) showed the superiority of Eladis® over placebo at a daily dose of 80 mg (P=0.00003). At the same time, the proportion of patients who reached the primary endpoint by day 5 when receiving Eladis® at a dose of 80 mg per day was 71.43%, while in the combined placebo group it was 22.22%. Conclusion. Evaluation of various dosage regimens of Eladis® has shown that a daily dose of 80 mg is optimal for the treatment of non-productive cough in patients with ARVIs, as it provides the greatest eﬀectiveness with a safety proﬁle comparable to other studied doses.

E. D. Volnaya

S. V. Teplykh

V. V. Popova

O. A. Vasilevskaya

E. A. Polyakova

S. E. Ushakova

V. B. Shunkov

A. A. Globenko

A. V. Kapashin

M. A. Pasko

Evaluation of Eﬃcacy and Safety of Diﬀerent Doses of Eladis® in the Therapy of Cough Against Acute Respiratory Viral Infection

不同剂量Eladis®治疗急性呼吸道病毒感染咳嗽的疗效与安全性评价

Nutritional corrective support is an integral component of rehabilitation programs in the perioperative period for oncological pathology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the eﬀectiveness of including remaxol in the rehabilitation treatment regimen for gastroenterological cancer patients. Material and methods. The treatment results of 42 patients with gastric outlet tumors and small intestine tumors were retrospectively analyzed. Remaxol was included in the adjuvant therapy for patients in the main (I, N=22) group: intravenously 400 ml at a rate of 40–80 drops/min (2–4 ml/min) once a day for 10 days. Patients in the comparison group (II, N= 20) received traditional nutritional therapy. The study used both traditional clinical diagnostic methods and methods for assessing the risks of nutritional deﬁciency and the rehabilitation potential of the body, its adaptive capabilities, and disease prognosis. Results. All patients showed signs of severe nutritional deﬁciency, endotoxemia, intoxication, and hepatotoxicity. Liver detoxiﬁcation parameters were better in patients who received remaxol as an adjuvant therapy than in the comparison group. Conclusions. Cancer patients with a high nutritional risk and moderate to high nutritional deﬁciency are at a higher risk of developing toxic complications requiring adjuvant therapy. The inclusion of remaxol in adjuvant therapy reduced the severity of hepatotoxic reactions in these patients. The data obtained made it possible to recommend its inclusion in treatment regimens for patients with this pathology.

L. N. Kostyuchenko

M. V. Kostyuchenko

Nutrition Rehabilitation in Oncopathology: Opportunities and Prospects

肿瘤病理学中的营养康复：机遇与前景

ISSN	0235-2990
h-index	15

涉及主题	生物遗传学化学生物化学医学微生物学抗生素内科学地质学古生物学细菌有机化学免疫学基因病理
出版信息	出版商: Publishing House OKI，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 是
基本数据	创刊年份: 1988，原创研究文献占比: 0.00%，自引率:N.A.， Gold OA占比: 0.00%
平均审稿周期	8 weeks

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