Acta Biologica Hungarica provides a forum for original research works in the field of experimental biology. It covers cytology, functional morphology, embriology, genetics, endocrinology, cellular physiology, plant physiology, neurobiology, ethology and environmental biology with emphasis on toxicology. Publishes book reviews and advertisements.

Acta Biologica Hungarica is a forum for original research works in the field of experimental biology. It covers cytology, functional morphology, embryology, genetics, endocrinology, cellular physiology, plant physiology, neurobiology, ethology, and environmental biology, with a particular emphasis on toxicology. The journal also publishes book reviews and advertisements.

《Acta Biologica Hungarica》是一个专注于实验生物学领域的原创研究作品的论坛。期刊涵盖细胞学、功能形态学、胚胎学、遗传学、内分泌学、细胞生理学、植物生理学、神经生物学、动物行为学和环境生物学，特别强调毒理学。此外，期刊还会发布书评和广告。

Acta Biologica Hungarica

In the present study, the effect of ascorbic acid (5 mM) on some physiological parameters and three hormones (auxin, abscisic acid, salicylic acid) was determined under heat stress (40 °C) in maize tolerant cv. (MAY 69) and sensitive cv. SHEMAL (SH) at 0 h, 4 h and 8 h. Heat stress reduced total chlorophyll content (CHL), relative water content (RWC) and stomatal conductance ( g _s) in SH but did not lead to changes in MAY 69 at 4 h and 8 h. However, pretreatment with ascorbic acid increased (CHL), (RWC) and ( g _s) in SH under heat stress while it reduced MDA content significantly in both cv. We also observed that heat stress led to a reduction in SA level but increased ABA and IAA levels in SH, whereas it increased SA and IAA levels but did not change ABA level in MAY 69 at 4 h. Furthermore, in SH, ASC application under heat stress increased SA level and decreased IAA and ABA levels at 4 h, but it had no effect on SA and ABA at 8 h.

Burcu Dinler

Emel Demir

Yasemin Kompe

Regulation of auxin, abscisic acid and salicylic acid levels by ascorbate application under heat stress in sensitive and tolerant maize leaves

热胁迫下施用抗坏血酸对敏感和耐受玉米叶片中生长素、脱落酸和水杨酸水平调控的研究

The association between terrestrial plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is one of the most common and widespread mutualistic plant-fungi interaction. AM fungi are of beneficial effects on the water and nutrient uptake of plants and increase plant defense mechanisms to alleviate different stresses. The aim of this study was to determine the level of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), guaiacol peroxidase (POX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities and to track the expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene in plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal system under temperature- and mechanical stress conditions. Our results suggest that induced tolerance of mycorrhizal sunflower to high temperature may be attributed to the induction of GST, POX and PPO enzyme activities as well as to the elevated expression of GST. However, the degree of tolerance of the plant is significantly influenced by the age which is probably justified by the energy considerations.

Zoltán Mayer

Nguyen Hong Duc

Zita Sasvári

Katalin Posta

How arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence the defense system of sunflower during different abiotic stresses

丛枝菌根真菌如何影响向日葵在不同非生物胁迫下的防御系统

There is a great concern about the decline of pollinators, and neonicotinoids emerging bee disorders are assumed to play a significant role. Since changes in learning ability has been observed in honey bees exposed to some acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors, we therefore, tested in vitro the effect of four neonicotinoids on purified eel AChE. AChE activity was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner, and calculated IC50 values for thiamethoxam (IC50 = 414 μM) and clothianidin (IC50 = 160 μM) were found to be much higher compared to acetamiprid (IC50 = 75.2 μM) and thiacloprid (IC50 = 87.8 μM). The Lineweaver-Burk reciprocal plots for acetamiprid shows unchanged Vmax and increased Km values with inhibitor concentrations, while analysis of Michaelis-Menten plots shows predominantly competitive mechanism. The inhibition constant value (Ki = 24.3 μM) indicates strong binding of the acetamiprid complex to AChE. Finally, the four tested neonicotinoids are not a uniform group regarding their blocking ability. Our results suggest a previously not established, direct AChE blocking mechanism of neonicotinoids tested, thus the neuronal AChE enzyme is likely among the direct targets of the neonicotinoid insecticides. We conclude, that these AChE inhibitory effects may also contribute to toxic effects on the whole exposed animal.

János Győri

Anna Farkas

Oksana Stolyar

András Székács

Mária Mörtl

Ágnes Vehovszky

Inhibitory effects of four neonicotinoid active ingredients on acetylcholine esterase activity

四种新烟碱类活性成分对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的抑制作用

The group of diterpene alkaloids contains numerous compounds with complex chemistry and diverse pharmacological activities. Beside toxicity, these compounds possess activity on the cardiovascular system, tumor cell lines and nervous system. The pharmacological properties have been described using in vitro and in vivo techniques; however, the bioactivities of many compounds have not thoroughly been studied. Here we report on the in vivo evaluation of ten diterpene alkaloids using bdelloid rotifer assays. Napelline exerted toxic effects on rotifers, while wide tolerance range was observed for other investigated compounds. Weak toxicity of songorine is supported by our experiment. Toxicological data for senbusine A, senbusine C, septentrioidine and hetisinone are reported for the first time.

Tivadar Kiss

Lilla Mácsai

Dezső Csupor

Zsolt László Datki

In vivo screening of diterpene alkaloids using bdelloid rotifer assays

体内筛选二萜生物碱利用蛭形轮虫检测

In order to evaluate the salinity tolerance of grafted watermelon, two sets of experiments were conducted in a growing chamber where 'Esmeralda' varieties were grafted onto interspecific squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch. × Cucurbita moschata Duch.) and Lagenaria siceraria rootstocks. Both non-grafted and self-garfted plants were used for control. For salt stress, 2.85 and 4.28 mM/l substrate doses of NaCl were added with each irrigation in 2 day intervals for a duration of 23 days. Interspecific-grafted plants showed the highest salinity tolerance as plant biomass and leaf area were not decreased but improved by salinity in most cases. Furthermore, transpiration and photosynthesis activity did not decrease as much as it did in the case of other grafting combinations. Interspecific and Lagenaria rootstocks showed sodium retention, as elevation of Na+ content in the leaves of these grafting combinations was negligible compared to self-grafted and non-grafted ones. Presumably abiotic stress tolerance can be enhanced by grafting per se considering measured parameters of self-grafted plants did not decrease as much as seen in non-grafted ones.

Viktória Bőhm

Dávid Fekete

Gábor Balázs

László Gáspár

Noémi Kappel

Salinity tolerance of grafted watermelon seedlings

嫁接西瓜苗的耐盐性

We aimed to examine the response of three tomato introgression lines (IL925.3, IL925.5 and IL925.6) to NaCl stress. These lines originated from a cross between M82 (Solanum lycopersicum) and the wild salttolerant tomato Solanum pennellii, each line containing a different fragment of the S.pennellii genome. Salt-sensitive phenotypes related to plant growth and physiology, and the response of antioxidants, pigments and antioxidant enzymes were measured. In general, salt stress decreased the fresh weight of leaves, leaf area and leaf number and an increase of Na+ accumulation in aerial parts was observed, which caused a reduction in the absorption of K+ and Ca2+. Salt stress also induced a decrease in chlorophyll, carotenoids and lipid peroxidation (MDA) and an increase in anthocyanins and reduced ascorbate, although some differences were seen between the lines, for example for carotenoid levels. Guaiacol peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase activity enhanced in aerial parts of the lines, but again some differences were seen between the three lines. It is concluded that IL925.5 might be the most sensitive line to salt stress as its dry weight loss was the greatest in response to salt and this line showed the highest Na+ ion accumulation in leaves.

Fedia Rebah

Chayma Ouhibi

K. H. Alamer

Najoua Msilini

Mouhiba Ben Nasri

Rebecca Stevens

Houneida Attia

Comparison of the responses to NaCl stress of three tomato introgression lines

三种番茄渐渗系对NaCl胁迫响应的比较

Traditional medicines are composed of herbal formulations and their active ingredients and constituents which play a crucial role in the treatment of various human ailments. Astragalus eremophilus and Melilotus indicus (L.) All. (syn. Melilotus parviflora Desf.) are used traditionally as antiperspirant, tonic, diuretic, laxative and narcotic agents. The current study was designed to investigate the Astragalus eremophilus and Melilotus indicus (L.) All. (syn. Melilotus parviflora Desf.) methanol extracts for their antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Fine powder of A. eremophilus and M. parviflora was extracted with 70% methanol to get crude methanol extract. Extract was characterized for antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Antioxidant activity of various concentrations (3 mg/ml, 1.5 mg/ ml, 0.75 mg/ml, and 0.38 mg/ml) of both plant extracts was analyzed using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. Salmonella typhemorium, Klebsiella pneumoniae (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis (gram-positive) bacterial strains were used for assessment of antibacterial activities. Antifungal activities of 7.5 mg/ml, 5.0 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml (A. eremophilus and M. parviflora) were conducted using Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicons. At high concentration (3 mg/ml), all the tested fractions of A. eremophilus and M. parviflora methanol extracts showed potent antioxidant activities, ranging between 83.8 and 63.33%. Antibacterial activities revealed that A. eremophilus showed a maximum zone of inhibition (8.1 ± 0.1) on Salmonella typhenorium followed by Enterococcus faecalis (7.2 ± 0.1), Klebsellesa pneumonia (6.1 ± 0.6), and Staphylococcus aureus (5.1 ± 0.4), and at highest concentration (7.5 mg/ml), however, maximum zone of inhibition of Melilotus parviflora was at 7.5 mg/ml followed by 5.0 mg/ml and 2.5 mg/ml against Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhemorium and Enterococcus faecalis. Antifungal assessment of both plant extracts showed that the higher concentration (7.5 mg/ml) has significant inhibitory effect as compared to control. The results can lead to the conclusion that A. eremophilus and M. parviflora methanol extracts are indeed sources of potential therapeutic compounds against antibacterial, antifungal and free radical associated disorders.

Muhammad Nadeem Khan

Muhstaq Ahmed

Muhammad Wasim Khan

Rahmat Ali Khan

In vitro pharmacological effects of Astragalus eremophilus and Melilotus parviflora

Astragalus eremophilus 和 Melilotus parviflora 的体外药理作用

Drought is one the critical abiotic factors that reduces the germination, growth and yield of crops. Therefore the present project was designed with the objective to screen the best drought tolerant hybrid of Vigna radiata. Genetic variations for drought tolerance among these hybrids were assessed by simple and efficient technique. Seven hybrids of V. radiata (9801, 7002, 9706, 08003, 07007, 97012 and 08007) were used for screening against three levels of drought stress (zero, control), 5% (–0.05 MPa) and 10% (–0.1 MPa) induced by Polyethyleneglycol (PEG6000). A higher proline content was observed in 07007 (6.10 μg/g fresh weight) as compared to all other hybrids. Treated seedlings of each hybrid were compared with their respective control to evaluate the differences in their growth under drought. Different parameters such as percentage of germination, germination stress tolerance index (GSI), shoot and root weights (bath fresh and dry) and lengths, root length stress index (RLSI), dry matter stress index (DMSI) and plant height stress index (PHSI) showed considerable variations. Germination percentage, shoot weights, PHSI and DMSI decreased in all hybrids along with the increase of PEG induced drought stress (5% and 10% PEG). In contrary, root weights and RLSI were increased under drought. Overall 07007 showed a better performance, and can therefore be classified as a drought tolerant hybrid.

Shehzadi Saima

Guishuang Li

Guang Wu

Effects of drought stress on hybrids of Vigna radiata at germination stage

绿豆杂交种在萌发阶段干旱胁迫的影响

During the study of inhibition of amyloid fibril formation, α-chymotrypsin protein was developed in 55% ethanol at pH 7.0. We investigated the inhibitory effect of different spices on amyloid fibril formation using turbidity measurements and Congo red binding assays. We found that all spices except the black pepper and caraway seed prevented fibril formation. The highest inhibition was measured with the clove, which reduced the amount of aggregates by 90%. We studied the inhibitory effect of the cloves at different concentrations on aggregation, it was found that the inhibitory activity of clove is dependent on concentration. We have measured the total phenolic content of the spice extracts too. Based on all these findings we have come to the following conclusion: Our results indicate that spices can contain other compounds too – not only phenolic compounds – which influence the formation of amyloid fibrils, and the effectiveness of various phenolic compounds are different.

Márta Kotormán

Alexandra Varga

Phanindra Babu Kasi

János Nemcsók

Inhibition of the formation of amyloid-like fibrils with spices, especially cloves

香料，尤其是丁香对淀粉样纤维形成的抑制作用

The major aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of juglone (JU; 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) treatments on the expression level of Cat1, Cat2 and Cat3 genes, encoding the respective catalase isozymes in maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. In parallel, germination efficiency, catalase (CAT) activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in juglone-exposed cereal seeds were assessed. Juglone applications significantly stimulated abundance of three target catalase transcripts as well as induced CAT activity and generation of H2O2 in both maize and wheat kernels. Furthermore, germination process of juglone-affected maize seeds was more severe suppressed than in case of wheat kernels. The role of juglone in triggering the oxidative stress as well as antioxidative responses in seeds of the studied model cereal species are discussed.

Hubert Sytykiewicz

Agnieszka Kozak

Bogumił Leszczyński

Cezary Sempruch

Iwona Łukasik

Iwona Sprawka

Katarzyna Kmieć

Monika Kurowska

Aldona Kopczyńska

Paweł Czerniewicz

Transcriptional profiling of catalase genes in juglone-treated seeds of maize (Zea maysL.) and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)

过氧化氢酶基因在胡桃醌处理后的玉米（Zea mays L.）和小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）种子中的转录谱分析

涉及主题	生物化学生物化学医学遗传学内科学内分泌学有机化学物理生态学心理学植物地质学神经科学基因细胞生物学古生物学解剖核磁共振酶
出版信息	出版商: Akademiai Kiado，出版周期: Quarterly，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 1983，原创研究文献占比: 0.00%，自引率:N.A.， Gold OA占比: 0.00%
平均审稿周期	网友分享经验：较慢,6-12周
平均录用比例	网友分享经验：容易

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