Acta Agronomica Hungarica

grains of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Raj-3077) were soaked in 0, 10 -5 , 10 -4 or 10 -3 M aqueous solutions of salicylic acid (SA) for 3, 6 or 9 h. The seedlings raised from grains pre-treated with 10 -5 M SA possessed significantly higher leaf number, fresh and dry mass per plant, and nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase activities 30 and 40 days after sowing. However, 10 -3 M SA reduced all the above-mentioned parameters.

S. Hayat

Q. Fariduddin

B. Ali

A. Ahmad

Effect of salicylic acid on growth and enzyme activities of wheat seedlings

水杨酸对小麦幼苗生长及酶活性的影响

The aim of the present study was to examine whether the induction of maize microspore embryogenesis could be triggered by the application of biogenic alcohols, as was reported earlier in wheat. A single cross hybrid (A 18) raised in the phytotron was used as anther donor for shed microspore cultures after cold pretreatment. At the onset of culturing, anthers in liquid YP medium were treated with 0.2 or 0.4% n -butanol or with 2 mM aminoethanol (2-AE) for 6 or 18 hours.The treatments caused a drastic (approx. 50%) decrease in the viability of the microspores. After a few days of culture in medium containing neither n -butanol nor 2-AE, 9-13% of the microspores remained alive and capable of switching to the sporophytic pathway of development.Treatment with 0.2% n -butanol for 6 h considerably increased the frequency of symmetric nuclear divisions (more than 3×) and of induced microspores (2×). The embryo yield was also elevated by 10%. The results showed that n -butanol could be used to improve the androgenic response and microspore embryogenesis in maize, but not as efficiently as in wheat. Further examination will be required to find the reasons for the different behaviour of microspores of the two species.

P. Földesiné Füredi

H. Ambrus

B. Barnabás

Development of cultured microspores of maize in the presence of n-butanol and 2-aminoethanol

玉米培养微孢子在正丁醇和2-氨基乙醇存在下的发育

Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important food crop in the world. It is the most economically valuable and well-known member of the plant family Solanaceae . Potato is the host of many pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, Phytoplasmas, viruses, viroids and nematodes, which cause reductions in the quantity and quality of yield. Apart from the late blight fungus [ Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary] viruses are the most important pathogens, with over 40 viruses and virus-like pathogens infecting cultivated potatoes in the field, among which Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus A (PVA), Potato virus S (PVS) and Potato virus M (PVM) are some of the most important viruses in the world. In this review, their characteristics and types of resistance to them will be discussed.

R. Ahmadvand

A. Takács

J. Taller

I. Wolf

Z. Polgár

Potato viruses and resistance genes in potato

马铃薯病毒与马铃薯抗性基因

Intercropping potato with quality protein maize (QPM) could improve the livelihood and nutritional status of the resource-poor farmers who produce and consume them. A study was conducted from 2008 to 2010 to assess the performance of three improved potato varieties in an intercropping system with an improved QPM in the high hills of Nepal. The QPM was sown for four consecutive weeks following potato planting. The commercial potato varieties Janak Dev, Kufri Jyoti and Khumal Seto-1 were used, while the improved QPM was Poshilo Makai-1. Delayed intercropping caused a reduction in the maize yield, but an increase in the potato yield. The highest potato yield was obtained from maize intercropping after four weeks. The grain yield of maize was significantly reduced by late planting beyond the second week. The average weekly rate of increase due to maize intercropping was better for Janak Dev and Kufri Jyoti, while Khumal Seto-1 was less suitable for intercropping. The land equivalent ratio for potato-maize intercropping was 2.23. The results suggest that Poshilo Makai-1 could be incorporated in potato-maize intercropping, leading to higher returns and nutritional benefits. The findings underline the importance of variety and date of intercropping to maximize production. The findings have implications for harnessing higher productivity on resource-poor farms, and could contribute to food and nutritional security for resource-poor farmers.

T. Chapagain

B. Khatri

P. Bhattarai

B. Luitel

G. Ortiz-Ferrara

R. Sharma

Maximizing productivity and improving nutrition through intercropping quality protein maize and potato

通过间作优质蛋白玉米和马铃薯最大化生产力并改善营养

Optimum fertilization management is an important technique to alleviate the adverse effects of salinity stress on plants. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative role of inorganic phosphorus (P) and organic P sources on wheat grown under salt stress in three soil types deficient in available P. Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Shakha 93) was grown on alluvial, sandy and calcareous soils at salinity levels of 4, 8 and 12 dS/m of saturated paste extract (EC e ) and supplied with a constant rate of 30 mg P 2 O 5 /kg soil as superphosphate (SP), cattle manure (CM) and a 1:1 mixture of SP and CM. The results revealed that plants grown on the sandy soil were more susceptible to the adverse effects of salinity than those planted on the alluvial one, especially at zero P. Plants grown on the calcareous soil were moderately affected. The varying soil type caused significant differences in the aboveground biomass and the uptake of N, K, P and Zn. It was obvious that P ameliorated wheat growth under salt stress, and this role was greater under moderate and high salinity. The increases in N, P, K and Zn uptake driven by P application were more conspicuous in the sandy and calcareous soils. The results also indicated that the combined application of inorganic and organic P sources surpassed that of either when applied alone on all soil types and salinity levels.

Enas Abd El-Hamed

S. Metwally

M. Matar

N. Yousef

Impact of phosphorus fertilization in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on wheat grown on different soil types

磷肥施用对不同土壤类型盐胁迫下小麦不利影响的缓解作用

High molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits and baking quality-related traits were studied in 50 Indian wheat landraces. Scoring of germplasm based on electrophoresis patterns using the Payne method showed that the quality scores varied from 4 to 8. Based on this scoring, 13 cultivars were ranked as superior. Cluster analysis based on electrophoresis patterns and Jaccard similarity criteria divided the cultivars into five groups, with 13 cultivars in the first cluster. There was no similarity between the grouping pattern based on HMW glutenin sub-units and quality-related traits. In the present study, the quality of the flour of six wheat varieties was weak, so these varieties were only suitable for biscuit making. The flour of 31 wheat varieties showed medium strength. The remaining 13 wheat varieties had strong flour. Considering the great variation observed for quality-related traits and HMW glutenin sub-units, it can be concluded that these cultivars are potential sources of desirable quality traits for use in bread wheat breeding programmes to improve bread-making quality.

Gajalakshmi Kandasamy

Correlation analysis of HMW sub-units and baking quality-related traits in Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

印度小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）品种中HMW亚基与烘焙品质相关性状的相关性分析

The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility to drought of selected genotypes of pea and yellow lupine. An analysis was made of the changes in protein and phenolics content and how they affect the yield parameters. The plant material consisted of six genotypes of pea and yellow lupine. Seedlings (plants with 5–6 leaves) were subjected to drought at 25% field water capacity for 2 weeks. Soil drought decreased the relative water content (RWC) in the leaves of pea and lupine. On the 14 th day of drought the increase in protein content was almost two-folds higher in lupine plants than in pea. The phenolics content showed an increase in both pea and lupine plants on the 1 st day of drought (20% and 15%, respectively), while on the 14 th day the phenolics content decreased by 2% in pea, and was not significantly different in lupine. Soil drought reduced the values of almost all yield components. Only the 1000-seed weight increased under drought conditions. Based on the drought susceptibility index values for RWC, protein and phenolics content, seed yield and biomass, the least drought-susceptible genotypes were Batuta (pea) and Morocco 4 (lupine), as they had the lowest values of these parameters.

K. Juzoń

E. Skrzypek

I. Czyczło-Mysza

I. Marcińska

Effect of soil drought on the yield structure, protein and phenolics content in Pisum sativum and Lupinus luteus

土壤干旱对豌豆和羽扇豆产量结构、蛋白质及酚类物质含量的影响

The relationship between the yield, chlorophyll content and leaf area index of five winter wheat genotypes was investigated in two different growing seasons on chernozem soil. The results suggest that the genotype and the nutrient supply had a considerable influence on both the yield and the physiological traits, while the growing season modified the parameters in a significant manner. The results proved that the chlorophyll content and leaf area index had a direct influence on the yield; varieties developing larger leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content had higher yields even in different seasons, but the yield was significantly influenced by the decline in the chlorophyll content after flowering. It could be concluded that studying the chlorophyll content and leaf area values simultaneously during the more important phenological phases (especially from flowering to the early period of grain-filling) makes it possible to predict the yield from the trends.

É. Szabó

Relationship between the physiological properties and yield of winter wheat varieties on chernozem soil

黑钙土上冬小麦品种生理特性与产量关系

In order to locate QTLs controlling the phenotypic stability and drought tolerance of yield and yield components in barley, seven disomic addition lines were sown together with their parents (donor and recipient) in a randomized complete block design with three replications under four rainfed and irrigated conditions. The descriptive diagram of yield and yield components exhibited a genotype (G) × environment (E) interaction and moderate variability over different environments, indicating the possibility of selection for stable and drought-tolerant entries. The AMMI stability value (ASV) and yield stability index (YSI) discriminated addition lines 2H and 4H as the most stable and droughttolerant.Path analysis revealed that the relative contribution of the number of seeds per plant (NSPP) (0.71) to grain yield (GY) was higher than that of the number of seeds per spike (SPS) (−0.44) and of thousand-seed weight (TSW) (−0.14). Therefore, the contribution of NSPP to the stability of GY over different environments was higher than that of other yield components. In other words, the instability of GY was caused by TSW and SPS in different environments. Path analysis on the drought susceptibility index revealed that most of the QTLs controlling drought tolerance and drought susceptibility in barley are located on chromosomes 3H and 6H, respectively.

E. Farshadfar

Path analysis of genotype × environment interaction in wheat-barley disomic addition lines

小麦-大麦双二体附加系中基因型与环境互作的路径分析

Over the last two centuries the atmospheric CO 2 level has exhibited a consistent rise, leading to an increase in the greenhouse effect. This level is now 35% higher than it was before the industrial revolution. On the basis of various scenarios from the Special Report on Emissions it is expected to rise from the present level of 385 ppm to 650–970 ppm by the end of the 21 st century.Plant biomass and resistance of winter wheat to various powdery mildew pathotypes were investigated at normal (400 ppm) and enhanced (700 ppm) atmospheric CO 2 levels in a greenhouse. Wheat cultivars Ukrainka and Mv Hombár, and 12 lines from the mapping population developed from their cross and exhibiting different level of resistance were tested.The results showed that the atmospheric CO 2 level had little influence on the resistance of winter wheat to powdery mildew infections based on the percentage of leaf area covered whole plant percentage severity. In response to higher atmospheric CO 2 level there was an increase in the aboveground biomass of the winter wheat genotypes tested in the present work, leading to an increase in plant height and in stem and leaf weight. However, the number of tillers and the grain yield did not increase compared with the values recorded at normal atmospheric CO 2 level.

J. Komáromi

S. Bencze

B. Varga

G. Vida

O. Veisz

Changes in the powdery mildew resistance and biomass of wheat genotypes at normal and elevated atmospheric CO2 levels

正常和升高大气CO2水平下小麦基因型白粉病抗性和生物量的变化

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Effect of salicylic acid on growth and enzyme activities of wheat seedlings

Development of cultured microspores of maize in the presence of n-butanol and 2-aminoethanol

Potato viruses and resistance genes in potato

Maximizing productivity and improving nutrition through intercropping quality protein maize and potato

Impact of phosphorus fertilization in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on wheat grown on different soil types

Correlation analysis of HMW sub-units and baking quality-related traits in Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

Effect of soil drought on the yield structure, protein and phenolics content in Pisum sativum and Lupinus luteus

Relationship between the physiological properties and yield of winter wheat varieties on chernozem soil

Path analysis of genotype × environment interaction in wheat-barley disomic addition lines

Changes in the powdery mildew resistance and biomass of wheat genotypes at normal and elevated atmospheric CO2 levels