Asia-Pacific Population Journal

There has been a dramatic increase in interprovincial migration in China because of regional economic disparities. Interprovincial migration has contributed to population redistribution and economic development, however, limited data are available to examine whether the health status of interprovincial migrants differs from that of intraprovincial migrants. Data from 1,842 rural-to-urban temporary migrants aged 18-30 years were analyzed to examine the differences in health status (measured by self-rated health, physical problems, depression), and health-seeking behaviour between these two types of internal migrants. It was found that interprovincial migrants were more likely to report depression symptoms and were less likely to seek formal health-care services than intraprovincial migrants. The findings indicate that specific attention should be given to health promotion and health-care access of interprovincial rural-to-urban migrants.

Liying Zhang

Xiaoming Li

Hongmei Yang

Rong Mao

Qun Zhao

Asia-Pacific population journal

Health status and health-seeking behaviour between interprovincial and intraprovincial rural-to-urban young migrants in Nanjing, China

中国南京省际与省内农村到城市年轻移民的健康状况与健康寻求行为

The dissolution of the former Soviet Union and the transition from a centrally planned to a market-based economy within the subregion of Central Asia has been accompanied by population movements which were unprecedented in modern history. While lack of reliable statistical data makes it difficult to assess the scope and scale of such movements in Central Asia, migration is predicted to rise substantially due to declining working-age populations in some countries, and high rates of population growth accompanied by relative economic disadvantage in others. This article attempts to explore key social issues emerging in relation to labor migration and remittances, and examines the impact of migration on communities in both countries of origin and countries of destination. It concludes with key policy recommendations, which include: instigating constructive regional dialogue on migration; focusing on gender-sensitive issues; undertaking policy measures to effectively address the needs of migrants; and creating better social protection and services for migrants and their families.

Dono Abdurazakova

Social impact of international migration and remittances in Central Asia

中亚国际移民与汇款的社影响

This paper investigates the demographic and socio-economic correlates of utilization of integrated child development services (ICDS) among children. Using data from the National Family Health Survey-3 (2005- 2006), an attempt has been made to find out differences in the level of utilization according to social class and household economic conditions. This paper found that the utilization was far from satisfactory cutting across social class, household economic status and other attributes. The article presents findings that could help evolve new strategies to improve the utilization of ICDS services, and potentially reduce persistent undernutrition in India.

Saswata Ghosh

Bidhan Kanti Das

Exploring demographic and socio-economic factors influencing utilization of integrated child development services

探索影响综合儿童发展服务利用的人口统计学和社会经济学因素

In South-East Asia sexual and reproductive health needs remain substantial and are not adequately met by the current supply of contraceptive products and services. While financial and technical scarcity persists, it is the facilitation of the policy environment and the fulfilment of equity principles in the delivery of contraceptive methods that present the greatest challenges in achieving contraceptive security. A regional advocacy agenda should address the ideological objections to modern contraceptives and to people’s contraceptive choices and ensure that contraceptive security is meant for all and not only for privileged groups and countries.

Rosalia Sciortino

Contraceptive (In)security in South-East Asia

东南亚的避孕（不）安全

This paper evaluates the level and determinants of consistency in reporting contraception among couples using the couple dataset (N=2249) of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). This paper reveals that 76.5 per cent of couples in Bangladesh consistently reported contraception. Significant community effect was found in the data, which means that couples from different communities having similar characteristics will show different levels of consistency in reporting contraception. This paper recommends that DHS enhance the quality of questionnaires in order to improve the level of consistency in reporting contraception use. Programmes should emphasize effective communication within couples. Likewise, communicating family planning messages in the mass media should be further strengthened.

Mohammad Amirul Islam

Consistency in reporting contraception among couples in Bangladesh

孟加拉国夫妇避孕报告的一致性

The literature on remittance flows has relatively little information on the impacts of remittance outflows on countries. The Russian Federation consistently ranks among the top remittance senders in the world, however the Russian case remains a largely unstudied area. This article addresses this gap. The findings show that remittance outflows are still very small compared with GDP and that the Russian economy will continue to need foreign labour. So-called push factors in neighbouring countries will also continue to make the Russian Federation an attractive workplace for foreign workers. The authors encourage the Government of the Russian Federation to take pre-emptive measures for both political and economic reasons, such as offering more investment opportunities for expatriate workers.

George Naufal

Ismail Genc

Impact of Remittance Outflows on Sending Economies: The Case of the Russian Federation

汇款外流对汇款来源国经济的影响：以俄罗斯联邦为例

The article considers the relationship between migration from Central Asia to the Russian Federation and gender relations. In particular, the paper describes the age-sex composition of the migration flows from three countries of the subregion (Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan) and discusses the case of Kyrgyzstan with its active female migration. Male migrants are more often employed in construction and are paid more than female migrants, who work mostly in trade and services. However, men and women show almost no difference in complying with migration laws, vulnerability in interactions with the state, relations with employers and apartment owners as well as transnational practices. The article also considers possibilities for family reunification, and gendered differences in inter-ethnic communication. The article concludes that further studies are required, and that assistance mechanisms are required for women who do not receive financial assistance from their migrant husbands. The article also finds that migrants' sexual and reproductive behaviour is characterized by limited access to information about risks and also requires thorough study.

Anna Rocheva

Evgeni Varshaver

Gender Dimension of Migration from Central Asia to the Russian Federation

中亚向俄罗斯联邦移民的性别维度

The article addresses the impacts of remittances in recipient countries in North and Central Asia, noting the high level of dependence of many countries of the subregion on remittances. While remittances are found to produce positive short-term benefits related to the reduction of transitory poverty, they also can contribute to negative impacts such as “Dutch Disease”, dollarization, public and private moral hazard. Few recipients make use of formal means of saving remittances, due to the lack of dedicated remittance-backed products, low levels of development of and trust in the financial sector, and lack of financial literacy among recipients of remittances. Measures to address this situation are proposed and assessed for their relevance to countries of the subregion.

Anna Prokhorova

Remittances in North and Central Asian Countries: Enhancing Development Potential

北中亚国家的汇款：增强发展潜力

The article contains an outline of migration and taxation in the Russian Federation. The characteristics of migration, the legal and regulatory situation of migrant workers with regard to taxation, actual practices in this regard and the steps required to bridge the gap between potential tax payments from migrants and actual taxation practices are considered. Attention is paid to the reasons for irregular migration and informal employment from the points of view of both employers and migrant workers. Finally, overall conclusions and policy recommendations are provided for improving the situation and decreasing irregular migration and tax underpayment.

Tatiana Karabchuk

Daria Salnikova

The Economic Impact of Migration in the Russian Federation: Taxation of Migrant Workers

俄罗斯联邦移民的经济影响：移民工人的税收

The present paper contains an analysis of the complex links between population dynamics and sustainable development in Asia and the Pacific that have developed over the last 20 years. Basic changes in population dynamics in the region since 1990 are first described, followed by an examination of critical issues regarding the links between population dynamics and the three defining dimensions of sustainable development, namely economic growth, social justice and environmental sustainability.

Adrian Hayes

Population dynamics and sustainable development in Asia and the Pacific

亚洲及太平洋地区的人口动态与可持续发展

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