Bereavement Care

Previous research has shown that bereavement following the loss of a loved one can often produce a variety of physical and psychological effects for the individuals left behind. Specifically, the suddenness and violence of a death may be particularly important determinants of subsequent negative psychological functioning. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the grief experiences of individuals bereaved by different causes of death, specifically focusing on the suddenness of the death. Adult participants completed an online survey including demographic questions and psychological measures. The results suggest that individuals who lost someone to a sudden death reported more negative outcomes and impairment than individuals who lost someone to a more expected death. These results suggest that the cause and circumstances surrounding the death may play an important role in an individual's grief and bereavement experiences.

Jacqueline K. Krychiw

Rachael James

Erin F. Ward-Ciesielski

Suddenness of death as a determinant of differential grief experiences

死亡的突然性作为不同悲伤体验的决定因素

To date, the majority of research into a good death has focused on the experience of the person who is dying. Taking the perspective of bereaved individuals, this qualitative study explores which elements of the end of life experience constitute a good death and how these elements influence the process of bereavement adjustment. Following interviews with ten bereaved adults four themes were identified which together define a good death: a lack of physical distress, emotional resolution, 'naming death as death' and death at 'the right time'. The value of open communication prior to death is highlighted. For those working with bereaved individuals these results support an understanding of the impact of the manner of death on bereavement adjustment. For those in palliative care settings, potentially modifiable elements of the end of life experience which may support better bereavement are suggested.

Clare Wakenshaw

Elizabeth Sillence

From a good death to a better bereavement? The impact of the end of life experience on bereavement adjustment, a thematic analysis

从善终到更好的哀伤？生命终结体验对哀伤调适的影响：一项主题分析

Background: The research investigated how helpful counselling was for people who self-identify as being bereaved through a substance-related death. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty bereaved participants. Interview data underwent a thematic analysis using Iterative Categorisation (Neale, 2016). Findings and conclusions: Participants’ needs were many, varied and changed over time. They used many types of support to meet these needs. Both one-to-one and group counselling were helpful and each was used to meet different needs. Significant needs regarding the substance-related characteristics of these bereavements were often not recognised by participants and seemingly also their counsellors, so were not worked through. Unhelpful experiences of counselling occurred through poor practice and a lack of specialist knowledge about these bereavements. Recommendations: Nine are given to improve the helpfulness of counselling for these bereaved people, including recognising and working with the substance-related characteristics of bereavements or referring clients to other services for these.

Peter Cartwright

How helpful is counselling for people bereaved through a substance-related death?

物质相关死亡丧亲者的咨询有多大的帮助？

The focus on meaning-making in loss (Neimeyer, 2001) reflects increasing use of qualitative methods to study how individuals and groups experience bereavement. Adopting a relativist, constructivist...

Christine Valentine

Meaning-making in bereavement and grief

丧亲与哀伤中的意义建构

A significant proportion of secondary school pupils in the UK have experienced the death of someone close. Bereavement in childhood can have a significant and long lasting impact. The aim of this study was to explore how pupils aged between 12 and 18 understand major loss, death and dying, whom they talk to and the support they access at these times, and their awareness of the range of support available to them. A total of 31 pupils, 108 parents and 37 staff from a large Scottish secondary school took part and data was collected using online questionnaires. A high proportion of pupils had experience of major loss or bereavement and showed significant awareness of their feelings and responses to these. It appears that young people primarily seek support from family and friends, but the role of peers is less well recognised by parents and teachers. The school was recognised as a source of support mainly by teachers.

Ros Scott

Rebecca Wallace

Annie Audsley

Srini Chary

Young people and their understanding of loss and bereavement

年轻人及其对失落与哀悼的理解

Alison Penny

Editorial

社论

Does restricting the ceremonial/ritual arrangements around a cremation to a minimum have a negative association with grief over time? This question has increasingly concerned professionals in the funeral industry as well as those in healthcare capacities working with bereaved persons. We examined the relationship between cremation arrangements and levels of grief. Bereaved people in the UK completed questionnaires 2 to 5 months post-loss and a year later (N=233 with complete data). Complexity of the cremation service was not significantly related to grief; neither was satisfaction with arrangements (which was typically high). Results suggested that it makes no difference to grief whether a more minimalistic or elaborate funeral ceremony is chosen under conditions where the bereaved feel free to make choices that best suit their situation. We concluded that the funeral industry seems to be offering bereaved people an appropriate range of cremation arrangement choices to meet their needs. Important limits to generalizability are discussed. That funeral services serve multiple functions for bereaved persons is emphasized.

John Birrell

Kate Woodthorpe

Margaret Stroebe

Hannah Rumble

Henk Schut

Anne Corden

Daniel Anadria

Yvette Smith

Cate Newsom

Funeral practices and grief

葬礼习俗与哀伤

The loss of a child is one of the most profoundly stressful events an adult can experience, but perinatal hospice may be an important resource for the family’s wellbeing. The aim of this study was to understand how a group of American and Italian parents of infants affected by life-limiting or terminal conditions and treated with personalised comfort measures represents, with a metaphorical statement, the experience of perinatal hospice care. Thirty five questionnaires were collected and included 13 parents from Italy and 22 from the US. Parents represent their experience as positive and rich with lovely family moments and, although it is also a hard path, they consider it as an important gift. Other metaphors elected were related to spirituality and transcendence, underlying the need of parents to express and share their spiritual values and beliefs. Finally, parents also perceived an overall support from care providers and felt as if they were part of the same family.

Margherita Dahò

‘It was a blanket of love’: How American and Italian parents represent their experience of perinatal hospice through the use of metaphors

“这是一张爱的毯子”：美国和意大利父母如何通过使用隐喻来表达他们在围产期临终关怀中的经历

Each year, thousands of British schoolchildren experience the loss of a loved one. In this trying time, it is vital that school staff have a good understanding of how to offer support. Sadly, many school staff struggle with how to provide support and in what form. Based on experiences from Scandinavia, in this article we provide guidelines and practical advice for the forms of support which we consider beneficial. In cases of anticipated losses, the school can do its utmost to collaborate with the home and student in order to ensure efficient communication and good student care. Following a loss, the school should work to provide a caring climate that makes it easier to return to class. We recommend making most decisions in collaboration with the bereaved children in order to ensure they receive support they themselves find beneficial.

Atle Dyregrov

Kari Dyregrov

Martin Lytje

Loss in the family – A reflection on how schools can support their students

家庭中的失落——学校如何支持学生的反思

Working with young children, Donald Winnicott (1951 Winnicott, D. W. (1951). Transitional objects and transitional phenomena. Collected papers: Through paediatrics to psycho-analysis. Tavistock Publication. [Google Scholar]) identified transitional objects as items which were both created and discovered by an infant for comfort, and to support the developmental necessity of separating from their primary caregiver. In adulthood, the keeping and holding of a physical object, for example a piece of jewellery owned by a loved one who has died, is frequently seen as supportive for bereaved people but is rarely named or conceptualised as a transitional object. Taking an object relations perspective, the aim of this review will be to consider research and literature within bereavement theory and practice in order to suggest how transitional objects can be conceptualised in grief work across all life stages. Examples from research and the authors own therapeutic practice will be shared in order to suggest ways in which the use of transitional objects can support therapeutic practice with bereaved people.

The use of Winnicott’s concept of transitional objects in bereavement practice

温尼科特过渡性客体概念在哀伤实践中的应用

涉及主题	心理学医学心理治疗师
出版信息	出版商: Routledge，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 1982，原创研究文献占比: 0.00%，自引率:N.A.， Gold OA占比: 3.13%

Bereavement Care

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