QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS 涵盖第四纪科学的各个方面，包括例如地质学、地貌学、地理学、考古学、土壤科学、古植物学、古生物学、古气候学和所有适用的测年方法。构成评审论文的内容与包含新原始数据的论文之间的分界线不容易建立，因此 QSR 也会发表具有新数据的论文，特别是如果这些论文具有评审功能。随着发现步伐的加快，所有第四纪科学都在迅速变化并需要重新评估；因此，第四纪科学评论的多样化但全面的作用使读者能够及时了解与该领域新发展相关的更广泛的问题。

Quaternary Science Reviews covers all aspects of Quaternary science, including geology, geomorphology, geography, archaeology, soil science, paleobotany, paleozoology, paleoclimatology, and all applicable dating methods. The distinction between review papers and those containing new primary data is not always clear, so the journal also publishes papers with new data, especially if they have a review function. As discoveries accelerate, all areas of Quaternary science are rapidly evolving and require reevaluation; thus, the diverse yet comprehensive role of Quaternary Science Reviews enables readers to stay informed about broader issues related to new developments in the field.

《Quaternary Science Reviews》涵盖了第四纪科学的各个方面，包括地质学、地貌学、地理学、考古学、土壤科学、古植物学、古生物学、古气候学以及所有相关的测年方法。评审论文的内容与包含新原始数据的论文之间的界限并不明确，因此本期刊也会发表具有新数据的论文，特别是当这些论文具有评审功能时。随着发现的加速，第四纪科学正在迅速发展并需要重新评估；因此，《Quaternary Science Reviews》在多样化和全面性方面的作用，使读者能够及时了解与该领域新发展相关的更广泛的问题。

Quaternary Science Reviews

The post-glacial fate of central European grasslands has stimulated palaeoecological debates for a century. Some argued for the continuous survival of open land, while others claimed that closed forest had developed during the Middle Holocene. The reasons behind stability or changes in the proportion of open land are also unclear. We aim to reconstruct regional vegetation openness and test the effects of climate and human impact on vegetation change throughout the Holocene. We present a newly dated pollen record from north-western fringes of the Pannonian Plain, east-central Europe, and reconstruct Holocene regional vegetation development by the REVEALS model for 27 pollen-equivalent taxa. Estimated vegetation is correlated in the same area with a human activity model based on all available archaeological information and a macrophysical climate model. The palaeovegetation record indicates the continuous presence of open land throughout the Holocene. Grasslands and open woodlands were probably maintained by local arid climatic conditions during the early Holocene delaying the spread of deciduous (oak) forests. Significantly detectable human-made landscape transformation started only after 2000 BC. Our analyses suggest that Neolithic people spread into a landscape that was already open. Humans probably contributed to the spread of oak, and influenced the dynamics of hazel and hornbeam.

Petr Kuneš

Helena Svobodová-Svitavská

Jan Kolář

Mária Hajnalová

Vojtěch Abraham

Martin Macek

Peter Tkáč

Péter Szabó

Quaternary science reviews

Quat Sci Rev

The origin of grasslands in the temperate forest zone of east-central Europe: long-term legacy of climate and human impact.

中欧温带森林带草原的起源：气候与人类影响的长期遗产。

The Southern Ocean is widely recognized as a potential cause of the lower atmospheric concentration of CO2 during ice ages, but the mechanism is debated. Focusing on the Southern Ocean surface, we review biogeochemical paleoproxy data and carbon cycle concepts that together favor the view that both the Antarctic and Subantarctic Zones (AZ and SAZ) of the Southern Ocean played roles in lowering ice age CO2 levels. In the SAZ, the data indicate dust-driven iron fertilization of phytoplankton growth during peak ice age conditions. In the ice age AZ, the area-normalized exchange of water between the surface and subsurface appears to have been reduced, a state that we summarize as "isolation" of the AZ surface. Under most scenarios, this change would have stemmed the leak of biologically stored CO2 that occurs in the AZ today. SAZ iron fertilization during the last ice age fits with our understanding of ocean processes as gleaned from modern field studies and experiments; indeed, this hypothesis was proposed prior to evidentiary support. In contrast, AZ surface isolation is neither intuitive nor spontaneously generated in climate model simulations of the last ice age. In a more prospective component of this review, the suggested causes for AZ surface isolation are considered in light of the subarctic North Pacific (SNP), where the paleoproxies of productivity and nutrient consumption indicate similar upper ocean biogeochemical changes over glacial cycles, although with different timings at deglaciation. Among the proposed initiators of glacial AZ surface isolation, a single mechanism is sought that can explain the changes in both the AZ and the SNP. The analysis favors a weakening and/or equatorward shift in the upwelling associated with the westerly winds, occurring in both hemispheres. This view is controversial, especially for the SNP, where there is evidence of enhanced upper water column ventilation during the last ice age. We offer an interpretation that may explain key aspects of the AZ and SNP observations. In both regions, with a weakening in westerly wind-driven upwelling, nutrients may have been "mined out" of the upper water column, possibly accompanied by a poleward "slumping" of isopycnals. In the AZ, this would have encouraged declines in both the nutrient content and the formation rate of new deep water, each of which would have contributed to the lowering of atmospheric CO2. Through several effects, the reduction in AZ upwelling may have invigorated the upwelling of deep water into the low latitude pycnocline, roughly maintaining the pycnocline's supply of water and nutrients so as to (1) support the high productivity of the glacial SAZ and (2) balance the removal of water from the pycnocline by the formation of Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water. The proposed return route from the deep ocean to the surface resembles that of Broecker's (1991) "global ocean conveyor," but applying to the ice age as opposed to the modern ocean.

Daniel M. Sigman

François Fripiat

Anja S. Studer

Preston C. Kemeny

Alfredo Martínez-García

Mathis P. Hain

Xuyuan Ai

Xingchen Wang

Haojia Ren

Gerald H. Haug

The Southern Ocean during the ice ages: A review of the Antarctic surface isolation hypothesis, with comparison to the North Pacific

Arctic hotspots, local areas of high biodiversity, are potential key sites for conservation of Arctic biodiversity. However, there is a need for improved understanding of their long-term resilience. The Arctic hotspot of Ringhorndalen has the highest registered diversity of vascular plants in the Svalbard archipelago, including several remarkable and isolated plant populations located far north of their normal distribution range. Here we analyze a lake sediment core from Ringhorndalen for sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) and geochemical proxies to detect changes in local vegetation and climate. Half of the plant taxa appeared already before 10,600 cal. yr BP, indicating rapid colonization as the ice retreated. Thermophilous species had a reoccurring presence throughout the Holocene record, but stronger signal in the early than Late Holocene period. Thus, thermophilous Arctic plant species had broader distribution ranges during the Early Holocene thermal maximum c. 10,000 cal. yr BP than today. Most of these thermophilous species are currently not recorded in the catchment area of the studied lake, but occur locally in favourable areas further into the valley. For example, Empetrum nigrum was found in >40% of the sedaDNA samples, whereas its current distribution in Ringhorndalen is highly restricted and outside the catchment area of the lake. Our findings support the hypothesis of isolated relict populations in Ringhorndalen. The findings are also consistent with main Holocene climatic shifts in Svalbard identified by previous studies and indicate an early warm and species-rich postglacial period until c. 6500 cal. yr BP, followed by fluctuating cool and warm periods throughout the later Holocene.

Linn H. Voldstad

Inger G. Alsos

Wesley R. Farnsworth

Peter D. Heintzman

Lena Håkansson

Sofia E. Kjellman

Alexandra Rouillard

Anders Schomacker

Pernille B. Eidesen

A complete Holocene lake sediment ancient DNA record reveals long-standing high Arctic plant diversity hotspot in northern Svalbard

完整的全新世湖泊沉积古DNA记录揭示斯瓦尔巴北部长期存在的高北极植物多样性热点

L.S. Epp

G. Gussarova

S. Boessenkool

J. Olsen

J. Haile

A. Schrøder-Nielsen

A. Ludikova

K. Hassel

H.K. Stenøien

S. Funder

E. Willerslev

K. Kjær

C. Brochmann

Lake sediment multi-taxon DNA from North Greenland records early post-glacial appearance of vascular plants and accurately tracks environmental changes

Xiaolong Zhang

Baiqing Xu

Ying Xie

Jiule Li

Yanan Li

Continuous mass loss acceleration of Qiangyong Glacier, southern Tibetan plateau, since the mid-1880s inferred from glaciolacustrine sediments

P.I. Kalinin

I. Yu Kudrevatykh

P.G. Panin

G.V. Mitenko

V.V. Malyshev

A.O. Alekseev

A model of loess formation and atmospheric circulation regimes in the Azov region during the Middle and Late Pleistocene

中晚更新世亚速海地区黄土形成与大气环流模式

Anna Šímová

Petra Hájková

Libor Petr

Jan Divíšek

Kateřina Kintrová

Michal Hájek

Testate amoebae in an ombrotrophic bog reconcile equivocal palaeoclimate reconstructions for the Western Carpathians

西部喀尔巴阡山脉泥炭藓沼泽中的有壳变形虫解决了古气候重建中的矛盾

Renata Hanae Nagai

Silvia Helena de Mello e Sousa

Rafaela Nogueira Mendonça Mendes

Nicole de Magalhães Torquato

Fernanda Marcello de Oliveira

Ilana Klein Coaracy Wainer

Samara Cazzoli y Goya

Rubens Cesar Lopes Figueira

Marcia Caruso Bícego

Antonio Henrique da Fontoura Klein

Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques

Speed changes of the continental slope currents in the SW atlantic in the last 45,000 years

过去45,000年西南大西洋大陆坡流速变化

Tomaso Di Fraia

Francesco di Gennaro

The deposits of reddish impasto “olle”: Archaeological reality and possible interpretations

红色厚涂“奥莱”沉积物：考古现实与可能的解释

Xiaomei Zhang

Haiwei Zhang

Rui Zhang

Jian Wang

Miaomiao Wang

Zeyuan Liang

Mei He

Rong Wei

Hai Cheng

Spatiotemporal pattern of the East Asian monsoon hydroclimate during the 8.2 ka event inferred from a new speleothem multi-proxy record from SE China

8.2千年前事件期间东亚季风水文气候的时空格局：来自中国东南部新石笋多指标记录的推断

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ISSN	0277-3791, 1873-457X
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Quaternary Science Reviews

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The origin of grasslands in the temperate forest zone of east-central Europe: long-term legacy of climate and human impact.

The Southern Ocean during the ice ages: A review of the Antarctic surface isolation hypothesis, with comparison to the North Pacific

A complete Holocene lake sediment ancient DNA record reveals long-standing high Arctic plant diversity hotspot in northern Svalbard

Lake sediment multi-taxon DNA from North Greenland records early post-glacial appearance of vascular plants and accurately tracks environmental changes

Continuous mass loss acceleration of Qiangyong Glacier, southern Tibetan plateau, since the mid-1880s inferred from glaciolacustrine sediments

A model of loess formation and atmospheric circulation regimes in the Azov region during the Middle and Late Pleistocene

Testate amoebae in an ombrotrophic bog reconcile equivocal palaeoclimate reconstructions for the Western Carpathians

Speed changes of the continental slope currents in the SW atlantic in the last 45,000 years

The deposits of reddish impasto “olle”: Archaeological reality and possible interpretations

Spatiotemporal pattern of the East Asian monsoon hydroclimate during the 8.2 ka event inferred from a new speleothem multi-proxy record from SE China