Infectious Diseases Newsletter

Vincent Idemyor

Charles E. Cherubin

Alex Kuritza

Spread of multi-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in two Chicago hospitals

芝加哥两家医院中多重耐药肺炎克雷伯菌的传播

Robert D. Walsh

Burke A. Cunha

Group C β-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia in a diabetic with cellulitis

糖尿病合并蜂窝织炎患者C组β-溶血性链球菌菌血症

Tuberculosis is once again becoming a major problem in the United States. In order to place this in the proper perspective, one need only note that contrary to the situation in the United States over the past eight decades, tuberculosis on a global scale has continued to be a major health problem, with approximately 3 million persons each year dying from this disease—more than any other single infectious disease. Resistance is the rule, not the exception, with approximately 50% of isolates having multi-drug resistance. Unless aggressive efforts are made, the United States may well join the rest of the world as far as tuberculosis is concerned.

Charles W. Stratton

The resurgence of tuberculosis

结核病的复苏

The diagnosis of infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacterial species is often delayed due to a lack of familiarity with these pathogens. The increase in these infections due to immunosuppression and their prominent role in AIDS patients makes it imperative that clinicians and laboratorians be knowledgeable about the nontuberculous species of mycobacteria. Hopefully, this brief review will assist in that goal.

Mycobacterial infections other than tuberculosis in the AIDS era

艾滋病时代除结核病外的分枝杆菌感染

Martha Ann Brewer

Acute public osteomyelitis

急性化脓性骨髓炎

We experimentally establish for the first time the influence of oxygen at carbon nanotube (CNT)-Cu interface on CNT/Cu composite electrical performances. We fabricated CNT/Cu films (CCF) with systematically varied oxygen interface characteristics through Cu electron beam deposition of CNT films functionalized by O3(g) exposure. By altering O3(g) exposure times (30–1000 s), different contents and types of interfacial O-functionalities (sp3C-O and sp2CO) were obtained. CCF with optimal interfacial oxygen type and content showed enhanced CNT-Cu wetting and improvement in 4-probe electrical conductivities and their temperature stability. For e.g., Cu/CNT with interface sp3C-O and sp2CO and O:C at% ratio ~4.6 × 10–1 showed 1.6 × and 1.8 × higher electrical conductivity at room temperature and 110 °C, respectively than composites with only sp3C-O interface and O:C at% ratio ~2.7 × 10–1. Favorable effects of interfacial oxygen in previous literature have chiefly focused on CNT/Cu mechanical performances. Systematic studies on electrical performances vs. interfacial oxygen content and type are absent. Our results fill this knowledge-gap and provide experimental evidence on benefits of optimally tailored interfacial oxygen functionalities for enhancing Cu-nanotube interactions and composite electrical performances. We believe our work will add to existing CNT/Cu interface tailoring toolkits in literature, aiding fabrication and application-development of lightweight composites with rivaling performances.

Heather Rietz

Septic arthritis with Kingella kingae

金氏金杆菌引起的脓毒性关节炎

CharlesW. Stratton

New direction for IDN and AMN

IDN和AMN的新方向

Sally H. Houston

Jean S. Glossa

Aileen Fisher

Jose Montero

Thomas Rushton

John T. Sinnott

Immunization of solid organ transplant candidates and recipients

实体器官移植候选者和受者的免疫接种

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is intimately associated with behavioral characteristics of alcohol use disorders, including high motivation to drink and difficulty with moderation. Thus, continued mechanistic research investigating PFC cells and targets altered by ethanol experiences should inform translational efforts to craft new, efficacious treatments. Inhibitory interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV-INs) comprise only a minor fraction of cells within the PFC, yet these cells are indispensable for coordinating PFC ensemble function, oscillatory activity, and subcortical output. Based on this, PV-INs represent an exciting target for the rational design of breakthrough treatments for alcohol use disorders. Here, we assessed experience-dependent physiological adaptations via ethanol place conditioning. By manipulating the timing of administration relative to conditioning sessions, equivalent ethanol exposure can form either rewarding or aversive memories in different individuals. Here, we found that female mice and male mice on a C57BL/6J background display conditioned place preference (CPP) or aversion (CPA) to an intoxicating dose of ethanol (2 g/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) without overt differences between sexes. Ethanol reward learning was associated with decreased PV-IN excitability in deep layer prelimbic PFC, whereas PV-INs from CPA mice were not different from controls. Furthermore, PV-INs from mice in the CPP group, but not the CPA group, displayed potentiated excitatory synaptic strength that emerged during 1 week of abstinence. Taken together, these findings illustrate that synaptic and intrinsic adaptations associated with ethanol can depend on an individual's experience. These studies provide further context and support for PFC PV-INs as intriguing targets for modulating alcohol associations.

Publication Information	Publisher: Elsevier B.V.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1981，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

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