Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica

Acta hydrochimica et hydrobiologicaVolume 34, Issue 3 p. 171-173 Editorial Editorial: Floodplains and areas of low water movement as the linking part in the transport of suspended particulate matter and sediments along lowland rivers Kurt Friese, Kurt FrieseSearch for more papers by this author Kurt Friese, Kurt FrieseSearch for more papers by this author First published: 19 June 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/aheh.200690006Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume34, Issue3June 2006Pages 171-173 RelatedInformation

Kurt Friese

Acta hydrochimica et hydrobiologica

Editorial: Floodplains and areas of low water movement as the linking part in the transport of suspended particulate matter and sediments along lowland rivers

编者按：泛滥平原和低水流区作为低地河流中悬浮颗粒物和沉积物运输的连接部分

Abstract Tracer experiments were carried out in groyne fields (GF) of the river Elbe near Havelberg (Germany) in order to estimate the hydraulic connectivity with the river channel. The characteristic times of the five groyne fields, which were estimated from the exponentially declining tracer curves in 43 runs, ranged between 15 min and 69 min and did not correlate with the water level. Methodological investigations show that single point injection and two measurements (in the outflowing water and in the dominant region) are sufficient to provide robust in‐situ tracer curves. Using simplified mathematical simulations with connected stirred tanks, the conditions are investigated for the development of breaks in tracer curves and for the occurrence of significant errors in the estimation of intrinsic residence times. It was shown that an initial uniform dye distribution is not mandatory for the estimation during steady states. In special cases, point injections are more advisable. Moreover, the mean hydraulic residence time was found to be not equivalent to the estimated characteristic time. In fact, it is mostly overestimated by tracer experiments. The degree of overestimation depends on mixing and the volumetric proportions between the different parts of the GF and can be calculated from measured dye concentration differences. For example, an overestimation of 32% was calculated for a groyne field with a commonly found circulation flow pattern.

Hans-Peter Kozerski

René Schwartz

Thomas Hintze

Tracer measurements in groyne fields for the quantification of mean hydraulic residence times and of the exchange with the stream

河道沙洲内示踪剂测量用于量化平均水力停留时间和与河流的交换

Abstract This study presents different methods to quantify the historic and recent sedimentation of floodplain soils along the Elbe River. These methods include the comparison of surface elevations, the quantification of sedimentation with the aid of anthropogenic and geogenic tracers, sediment trap studies, and the calculation of load balances. Selected results from sites at the lower section of the middle Elbe River are presented and verified. The results show that several methods are suitable. In future work it should be possible, depending on the available soil and sediment data, to calculate sedimentation in Elbe River floodplain and the loss of retention volume for larger areas.

Frank Krüger

Maritta Kunert

Methods to calculate sedimentation rates of floodplain soils in the middle region of the Elbe River

计算易北河中游泛滥平原土壤沉积速率的方法

Abstract The sediment of Lagoa dos Patos‐MS, Brazil, was investigated to verify the influence of metal sulfides and oxyhydroxides of Mn and Fe on the heavy metal availability. The spectrophotometric method of methylene blue was used, with 8 interlinked tubes containing the samples with SnCl 2 , where N 2 was introduced to release the H 2 S extracted with 6.0 mol L –1 HCl, and trapped in 0.05 M NaOH solution. The influence of SO 4 2– , Mn(IV) and Fe(III) oxyhydroxides was investigated with samples constituted by a mixture of MnO 2 ; Na 2 SO 4 ; FeCl 3 , and sediments. The presence of SnCl 2 was very important to avoid the interferences of iron and manganese oxyhydroxides. The method of standard addition was applied and the efficiency was (100.8 ± 9.4)%. The ratio among the quantities of metals potentially available and the acid volatile sulfide (AVS) indicate that the system presents small metals availability to the benthic community, by the existence of sulfide capable to immobilize the metal as insoluble sulfide.

Janaina L. Oliveira

Alessandra Eugênio

Júlio C. Rodrigues de Azevedo

Jorge Nozaki

Influence of metal oxides in the colorimetric determination of acid volatile sulfide in sediments

金属氧化物对沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物比色测定的影响

Abstract Trichonis Lake is the largest natural freshwater body in Greece with a surface area of 97 km 2 . It receives pollutants from numerous anthropogenic activities, especially from intensive agricultural practices, urban sewages, stock grazing land and small industries. In this study, hydrologic and chemical parameters are assessed during two periods (1990–1991) and (2001–2002) to evaluate the effects of the climatic changes on phosphorous trends and consequently on the trophic status of Trichonis Lake. Even though large quantities of fertilizers are applied in the lake's catchment, phosphorus loads are still in the permissible level as estimated according to Vollenweider's relationship based on total phosphorus concentration. Due to relatively higher rainfall precipitation during the last years, an increased amount of the phosphorus entering into the lake system is flushed out, thus keeping the trophic status of the lake in oligotrophic levels. In contrast, lower rainfall rates during the first period (1990–1991) have led to the decrease in phosphorus flush out and its detainment into the lake water and sediment resulting to mesotrophic conditions. As the trophic status of the lake is mainly hydrologically dependent and thus unpredictable, effective management plans targeting the elimination of nutrient pollution loadings are necessary.

Ilias Bertahas

Elias Dimitriou

Ioannis Karaouzas

Sofia Laschou

Ierotheos Zacharias

Climate change and agricultural pollution effects on the trophic status of a Mediterranean lake

气候变化与农业污染对地中海湖泊营养状态的影响

Abstract The corporate purpose of Wismut GmbH is to decommission its former mining holdings and to rehabilitate the landscape and the environment. Sample taking and analysing the value of contaminants are necessary steps for the remediation of waste rock piles, the recycling of contaminated areas, controlled flooding of uranium mines. Main emphasis lies on the determination of heavy metals and radionuclides of natural decay chains of U‐238 and U‐235. Yearly about 60 000…70 000 determinations of radionuclides in waters were done. Facing this high output of determinations it is a permanent task for laboratory and quality management to ask: Are the results of different methods comparable to each other? Is there a preferred analytical technology? Which matrix influences exist? and What about the analytical costs? Answers to these important questions are given in this report. Summarizing our investigations done in the last few years it is possible to say that – by using different analytical methods the results of radionuclides in water samples (surface or groundwater) are comparable, – a not negligible influence of Ra‐223, Ra‐224 and Ra‐228 may exist by using the DIN 38404 C18 method to determine Ra‐226, – a preferred method cannot be defined, – the choice of the analytical method should include analytical questions (the sample matrix, the occurrence of other disturbing radionuclides, the necessary detection limit) and economical questions (costs, other parameters to be determined).

Jan Laubrich

Petra Lotze

Gudrun Winkler

Determination of radionuclides in water at uranium mining remediation – a comparison of analytical methods

铀矿开采修复水中放射性核素的测定——分析方法比较

Abstract A reversed‐phase fractionation method with subsequent biological and chemical analysis has been developed to estimate the contributions of the most potent estrogens to observed estrogenic effect potentials. Surface water samples were taken in the German Baltic Sea (Inner Wismar Bay and Darss Peninsula, sampling campaign July 2003) and were separated into seven individual fractions. Three fractions showed significant estrogenic activities and clear dose‐dependant responses were obtained in the yeast estrogen screen (YES). In the 2nd fractions liquid chromatographic‐electrospray‐tandem mass spectrometric (LC‐ESI‐MS‐MS) analyses showed the presence of bisphenol A (Inner Wismar Bay: 4.8 ng L –1 and 6 ng L –1 ; Darss Peninsula: 0.91 ng L –1 and 1.7 ng L –1 ) and ethinylestradiol (Inner Wismar Bay: 2.0 ng L –1 and 6.0 ng L –1 ; Darss Peninsula: &lt; MDL and 1.7 ng L –1 ), whereas estrogenic activities in the YES were only around 10% of the positive control E2. Although not identified prior in the total extract the natural hormones estradiol (Inner Wismar Bay: 0.13 ng L –1 and 0.19 ng L –1 ; Darss Peninsula: 0.12 ng L –1 and 0.16 ng L –1 ) and estriol (Inner Wismar Bay: &lt; MDL and 0.33 ng L –1 ; Darss Peninsula: &lt; MDL) could be detected in the 3rd fractions, where high estrogenic potentials could be observed. The 4th fractions showed high responses as well and estrone were herein quantified with concentrations of 0.16 ng L –1 and 0.18 ng L –1 (Darss Peninsula) up to 0.37 ng L –1 (Inner Wismar Bay). Measured and calculated estradiol equivalents for individual fractions correlated very well ( R 2 = 0.78), when disregarding results of the 2nd fraction, where high deviations occurred.

Iris‐Constanze Beck

Regina Bruhn

Juergen Gandrass

Bioassay‐directed fractionation for analyzing estrogens in surface waters of the German Baltic Sea

生物测定导向的分离分析德国波罗的海表水中雌激素

Abstract Pore water of sediments plays an important role in aquatic systems as mediator and as the reactive zone between the sediment and surface water. Sediment pore waters with high ionic strength from acidified pit lakes were investigated to obtain information about the influence on the lake water quality. The analysis of soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, ammonium, silica, dissolved organic carbon, ferrous iron, sulfate, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, and total dissolved iron was predetermined as the dataset required for evaluation of water quality. The data collection procedure was optimised by designing a methodology for stabilisation, dilution of pore water samples and adaptation of analytical methods. The developed methodology was evaluated with respect to the effort required in the laboratory under routine conditions. In the first round of analyses, 72% of 638 individual analyses from a random selection of pore water profiles were found to be within the calibration ranges. Remedial actions to handle the remaining 28% of invalid analytical results are exemplified. Differences between comparative analyses of some ions by continuous flow analysis, ion chromatography, and atomic emission spectroscopy were evaluated. The majority of results measured by ion chromatography differed on a highly significant level from results measured by atomic emission spectroscopy. Possible reasons, originating from the extreme sample matrix, are discussed. Finally, the designed methodology and the results of the method comparison are used to recommend the selection of analytical methods under specific conditions.

Peter Herzsprung

Elke Bozau

Olaf Büttner

Anja Duffek

Matthias Koschorreck

Martin Schultze

Wolf v. Tümpling

Katrin Wendt-Potthoff

Routine analysis of sediment pore water of high ionic strength

高离子强度沉积物孔隙水的常规分析

Abstract Most antibiotics are only partially metabolised by patients before being discharged into the municipal sewage system along with patient excreta. Studies have shown that the majority of antibiotics pass through sewage treatment and are then released into the environment. Accordingly, investigations conducted in various countries have detected a number of antibiotics in the low μg or ng per litre range in different environmental compartments. Studies connecting mass balances of use on a local scale and of input and analysis of the antibiotic concentrations present in municipal sewage treatment plants are scarce. Data on local use of antibiotics and their relation to nationwide consumption are not available. This study investigated the use, input, and fate of antibiotics on a local scale and this data were compared with the German nationwide consumption. 42 antibiotics and 15 antimycotics were used in the mass balance consideration over a period of one year. It was found that the local pattern of usage differed only little from that found nationwide. Seasonal changes were minor and the concentrations actually measured were found to be in the expected range. Differences in both the identified occurrence and the concentrations of the target compounds were observed within and between the three sampling periods.

Radka Alexy

Alexander Sommer

Frank T. Lange

Klaus Kümmerer

Local use of antibiotics and their input and fate in a small sewage treatment plant – significance of balancing and analysis on a local scale vs. nationwide scale

小型污水处理厂中抗生素的局部使用及其输入与归趋——局部尺度与全国尺度平衡与分析的意义

Abstract In this paper the Basic Water Quality Model (BWQM) for the central part of River Neckar is used to analyse the oxygen budget and to assess the potentials of various measures to prevent or mitigate critical dissolved oxygen (DO) declines. It is shown that the oxygen budget is mainly governed by phytoplankton dynamics. The excessive growth of algae and the sudden break down of the resulting algal blooms may cause episodic DO depressions. Therefore, to stabilise the oxygen budget in a sustainable way, eutrophication has to be controlled within the central part of River Neckar and the upstream regions. The only feasible way to reach this goal appears to be a further drastic reduction of phosphorus emissions. In addition, it is indispensable to hold the very high standards of biochemical oxygen demand and ammonium retention at the wastewater treatment plants. A worse performance of the treatment plants would dramatically aggravate critical DO declines which may be caused by algae dynamics. As long as the oxygen budget is not completely stabilised, weir and turbine aeration can be used to mitigate DO depressions. It could be shown that the potentials of these measures suffice to keep DO at a tolerable level. However, due to the long travel times in River Neckar, it is important to start aeration up to several days before the DO minimum is reached.

Ingo Haag

A Basic Water Quality Model for the River Neckar: Part 2 – model‐based analysis of the oxygen budget and scenarios

内卡河基本水质模型：第2部分——基于模型的氧预算及情景分析

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