Zeitschrift fur Immunitatsforschung

Gel filtration of the cytoplasmic fraction of homogenate from human peripheral lymphocytes incubated with 65Zn gave five separate peaks with molecular weights of greater than 150,000, 90,000, 65,000, 20,000, and less than 1000 daltons. Peaks I--IV consisted of proteins. The low molecular weight (peak V) may consist of nucleotides, polyamines and amino acids. After gel filtration 75-80% of the 65Zn activity was found in peak V. Lectin-induced stimulation of normal lymphocytes revealed a distribution pattern of 65Zn binding similar to that of unstimulated cells. There was only a slightly enhanced incorporation into the protein peaks I--IV. When peripheral lymphocytes of B lymphocyte origin from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were incubated with 65Zn the same peaks were seen as with supernatants obtained from normal lymphocytes. Lectin-induced stimulation of leukemic lymphocytes had no significant effect on the 65Zn distribution pattern.

T. Günther

R. Averdunk

H. Rühl

Zeitschrift für Immunitätsforschung Immunobiology

Zinc Metabolism in Normal, Lectin-stimulated and Leukemic Lymphocytes

正常、凝集素刺激和白血病淋巴细胞中的锌代谢

An adaptation of the nephelometric assay for serum immunoglobulins has been developed for detection and quantitation of extracellular immunoglobulins in cultures of lymphoblastoid cell lines. This assay employs the standard equipment for laser nephelometry and commercial reagents for immunoglobulin quantitation. By adjusting dilutions of controls and sample volumes of culture supernatants, amounts of IgG and IgM below 1 μg/ml can be detected in culture supernatants. At concentrations between 1 and 4 μg/ml, day-to-day and within-run variations for IgM assays were 16 and 11% respectively. The possibility of measuring immunoglobulins secreted by cell lines by conventional laser nephelometry opens several areas of application in the study of the functional activity of B cells and of cell-cell interactions.

G. Virella

J. Muñoz

J.E. Robinson

J.M. Goust

Assay of Immunoglobulins in Supernatants of Lymphoid Cell Lines by Conventional Laser Nephelometry

常规激光散射法测定淋巴细胞系上清液中免疫球蛋白的检测

Peptidoglycan monomer (PGM), a water soluble and nontoxic disaccharide pentapeptide unit obtained from Brevibacterium divaricatum, was administered intravenously into mice, and the humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytes was assayed by means of Jerne's technique for plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the spleen. The PFC response was evidently stimulated. The counts were increased to practically the same extent over a great range of doses of PGM (from 25 to 1600 microgram per animal), and the effect was present in the mice immunised with optimal, as well as in those immunised with suboptimal, doses of antigen. The magnitude of the immunostimulation depend only on the timing of PGM administration: it was maximal if PGM was injected 1 or 2 days after the antigen. In vitro, in a 4-day culture of spleen cells, PGM did not stimulate PFC formation. We conclude that stimulation of the humoral immune response to sheep red blood cell antigens by PGM probably occurs without cell multiplication and probably involves more than simply a contact of immunocompetent cells with PGM.

I. Hršak

J. Tomašić

K. Pavelić

Z. Valinger

Stimlation of Humoral Immunity by Peptidoglycan Monomer from Brevibacterium Divaricatum

短小杆菌肽聚糖单体对体液免疫的刺激作用

Analizar los componentes funcionales de la dinámica familiar y factores asociados al intento de suicidio en pacientes asistidos en un hospital público de Argentina en el año 2015.Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la guardia del Hospital Regional Dr. Ramón Carrillo. La muestra fue de 116 pacientes. Se administró un cuestionario con 2 instrumentos validados: el Apgar familiar y la Escala de riesgo de suicidio.El 51% de los casos fueron mujeres. El método más utilizado fue la ingesta de fármacos. Predominaron las personas sin pareja. Se obtuvo una media de edad de 28 años y un promedio de 2 intentos de suicidio por persona. Los componentes funcionales respecto de la comunicación y el afecto fueron los más afectados. Los factores asociados al riesgo suicida más importantes fueron los afectos negativos, los sentimientos de soledad y la ideación suicida. Se observó una correlación negativa entre funcionamiento familiar y riesgo suicida.La dinámica del grupo familiar influye de manera directa o indirecta sobre las conductas suicidas de un miembro del grupo familiar, por lo que es imprescindible reforzar las estrategias que prioricen la salud familiar y la detección precoz de conductas suicidas.To analyze the functional components of family dynamics and factors associated with attempted suicide in assisted patients in a public hospital in the city of Santiago del Estero in 2015.A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed at the Regional Hospital Dr. Ramón Carrillo. The sample was 116 patients. A questionnaire was administered with two validated instruments: the family Apgar and the Suicide Risk Scale.A total of 51% of the cases were women; the most commonly used method was drug ingestion. People with no partner predominated. An average age of 28 years was obtained. An average of two suicide attempts per person. The functional components regarding communication and affect were the most affected. The factors associated with the most important suicidal risk were negative affections, feelings of loneliness and suicidal ideation. There was a negative correlation between family functioning and suicidal risk.The dynamics of the family group directly or indirectly influence the suicidal behavior of a member of the family group. Therefore, it is essential to reinforce strategies that prioritize family health and the early detection of suicidal behavior.

W. Spielmann

Book Reviews

书评

A new procedure for the isolation of the human complement component C9 is described. This procedure offers the possibility to prepare functionally pure C9 in a one-step procedure with a high recovery of 10–22% of the biological activity. The 125iodinated C9 had a molecular weight of 78,000 daltons and was only contaminated in traces with other proteins. Further purification by absorption with an «anti-impurity» column lead to a C9 preparation which behaved as a homogenous single polypeptide chain in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after reduction with mercaptoethanol. It formed a single bell-shaped precipitate in crossed immunoelectrophoresis with antibodies against human serum in the gel of the second dimension. The recovery of the biological activity after the second purification step was in the order of 6–10%. Both preparative steps could be performed within a few hours. 450 μg C9 protein were isolated from 135 ml human serum. A human serum completely defective in C9 was prepared by the extensive absorption of a smaller volume of human serum proteins with the anti-C9 column.

E.W. Rauterberg

C.H. Schieck

G. Hänsch

Isolation of Late Complement Components by Affinity Chromatography: I. Purification of the Human Complement Component C9 and Production of a C9-Defective Human Serum

亲和层析分离晚期补体成分：I. 人补体成分C9的纯化及C9缺陷人血清的制备

Human sera enhanced spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC), while anti-IgG (Fab') 2 treatment decreased this cytotoxic activity of human lymphocytes for an in vitro growing cell line (K--562). Trypsin treatment of the effector cells considerably decreased the cytotoxic potential. However, a significant cytotoxic activity could always be found in serum-free medium. While these findings suggest the involvement of antibodies in the SCMC, they also reflect the existence of serum-indpendent (sui generis) SCMC activity of lymphocytes. Removal of SCMC of Fc receptor bearing effector cells was performed by target cell adherence (rosetting). Separation of the target cell-bound lymphocytes was done by centrifugation on special Ficoll gradient. The depletion of SCMC effector cells resulted in a 62% reduction of SCMC and in a 39% reduction of ADCC. On the other hand, removal of Fc bearing effector cells showed a similar reduction in both ADCC (66%) and SCMC (78%). Our results suggest that SCMC represents a complex activity, arising partly from the interactions of certain serum-derived or lymphocytes surface-bound antibodies and partly from a spontaneous cytotoxic function of the effector cells. It is possible that the effector cells involved in both SCMC and ADCC derive from the same lymphocyte population and the differences are due mainly to the lower number of SCMC effector cells.

M. Benczur

Gy. Györffy

T. Garam

M. Varga

GY. Medgyesi

M. Sándor

G.Gy. Petranyi

Correlation between Effector Lymphocytes in Natural and Antibody-mediated Cytotoxicity

天然和抗体介导的细胞毒性中效应淋巴细胞的相关性

The adjuvanticity of the mistletoe preparation Iscador was investigated. The cellular response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was augmented after intracutaneous immunization with antigen and different doses of Iscador. Iscador did not change the cellular response to 2 X 107 intraperitoneally administered SRBC. The IgM plaque forming cell response was accelerated and followed by an augmentation of the IgG and IgA plaque forming cell response. Evidence is presented that the immunogenic and inflammatory capacities of Iscador contribute to its adjuvant activity. Both micro-organisms and soluble, filter-adherent constituents in Iscador possess adjuvant activity. The relation between the immunostimulating properties of Iscador and its anti-tumour activity is discussed.

Nanne Bloksma

Hans Van Dijk

Pieter Korst

Jan M. Willers

Cellular and Humoral Adjuvant Activity of A Mistletoe Extract

槲寄生提取物的细胞和体液佐剂活性

The specificity and affinity of eight lectins (concanavalin A, L. culinaris, P. sativum, phytohemagglutinin P, D. biflorus, soybean agglutinin, T. purpureus, and T. vulgaris) to B, T, Tγ, and Tμ lymphocytes from the blood of normal subjects were determined. Lectins attached to latex particles were used to evaluate the binding of each lectin to individual cells. The rosette percentage found in each lymphocyte population expresses the specificity index and the specific sugar concentrations needed to decrease the rosette percentage by 50% is taken as the affinity index.B Lymphocytes showed a major subclass, with respect to T lymphocytes, with receptors for WGA, SBA, D. biflorus, L. culinaris, and P. sativum lectins. In contrast, T lymphocytes exhibit a greater number of cells with specific receptors for Con A, T. purpureus, and PHA lectins than B lymphocytes, the Tγ subpopulation being responsible for the specificity of the first two lectins and the Tμ subpopulation for the PHA lectin.

I.J. Forbes

P.D. Zalewski

B. Doerken

A Simple Immunolatex Procedure for Light and Fluorescence Microscopy

一种用于光学和荧光显微镜的简易免疫胶乳方法

A methylcholanthrene induced tumor of BALBc (H-2d) origin had a high rate of spontaneous regression when transplanted into syngeneic animals. The tumor induced in BALB/c mice iso-antibodies with high anti-tumor cytotoxic activity. A specificity analysis of such BALB/c anti MCG4 sera revealed that the antibodies were directed against a tumor antigen which is very similar to H-2-aIIoantigens (e.g. H-2.5) expressed on normal cens of certain foreign mouse strains. The sera also reacted with nine out of ten B10.W congenic strains bearing H-2wi haplotypes derived from wild mice. Whether the tumor antigen is identical with foreign H-2 antigens or only cross-reactive cannot be decided at present.

F. Garridol

M. Perez

M.D. Torres

E. Garcia-Olivares

P. Ivanyi

V. Schirrmacher

A Syngeneic Anti Tumor Serum Recognizing a Complex H-2 Alloantigen

一种识别复合H-2同种异型抗原的同源抗肿瘤血清

The high proportion of alloreactive T lymphocytes and many of the available data on T cell receptors can be explained by one single hypothesis with four basic assumptions: A) The functional induction of T lineage cells in the thymus inherently causes a selection for V-regions that bind to major histocompatibility antigens (MHA). The type of MHA determines the functional pathway of the T cell. B) This process selects with the highest probability for binding sites with high affinity for the self-MHA, yet binding sites with high affinity for nonself-MHA and low affinity for self-MHA will also be selected with a low but finite probability. C) This positive selection for self-MHA binding V-regions is followed by a rigorous selection against self-reactive T cells during the subsequent thymic or post-thymic phase of tolerance induction. D) Most crucial for the hypothesis is, finally, the assumption that the second (negative) selection operates with a higher affinity threshold than the first (positive) selection. The negative selection thus spares T cell clones with low affinity for self-antigens. This provides a strong selective advantage for two major groups of cells, namely alloreactive cells most of which recognize nonself-MHA in complex with nonpolymorphic non-MHA determinants, cells that recognize nonself-determinants in complex with self-MHA with different degrees of restriction. One of the predictions of this hypothesis is that the proportion of alloreactive cells is relatively small among the T lineage cells that leave the thymus but increases largely during the post-thymic development of the peripheral T cell pool. The hypothesis is not biased in respect to the underlying germ line repertoire of V genes, is in fact compatible with the simple assumption that T and B cells use the same sets of V genes.

Wulf Dröge

Hypothesis on the Origin of the Strong Alloreactivity

关于强异源反应起源的假说

Publication Information	Publisher: Stuttgart Fischer，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1975，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

Zeitschrift fur Immunitatsforschung

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