ARDEA 是荷兰鸟类学家联盟的科学期刊，自 1912 年出版。该期刊欢迎报告鸟类学重要新发现的手稿，特别是那些涵盖生态学、生活史和鸟类进化的手稿，并包括可靠的描述性工作。 ARDEA 出版原创研究论文、简报和书评。除了每年定期发行的三期外，ARDEA 还出版包含会议或研讨会论文集的特刊（根据要求制作）。

ARDEA is the scientific journal of the Netherlands Ornithologists' Union, published since 1912. The journal welcomes manuscripts reporting significant new findings in ornithology, particularly those covering ecology, life history, and avian evolution, and includes reliable descriptive work. ARDEA publishes original research papers, short communications, and book reviews. In addition to three regular issues published annually, ARDEA also produces special issues containing conference or workshop proceedings upon request.

ARDEA 是荷兰鸟类学家联盟的科学期刊，自 1912 年出版。该期刊欢迎关于鸟类学重要新发现的手稿，特别是那些涉及生态学、生活史和鸟类进化的研究，且包括可靠的描述性工作。ARDEA 出版原创研究论文、简报和书评。除了每年定期发行的三期外，ARDEA 还根据需求出版包含会议或研讨会论文集的特刊。

Ardea

Rob G. Bijlsma

The Migration Ecology of Birds.

鸟类的迁徙生态学。

The Peregrine Falcon.

游隼。

We studied the breeding ecology of Whinchats Saxicola rubetra in four tiny (less than 10 breeding pairs) populations in nature reserves in the Dutch province of Drenthe. We focussed on reproductive rates (laying date, clutch size, hatchling number, breeding success), proportion of unpaired males and nestling diet. Breeding pairs appeared to cluster together, thereby leaving other seemingly suitable parts of the area unoccupied. Clutch size, nest and pair success were similar to or higher than those in other studies. Laying of first eggs peaked during 16–20 May and laying dates had not advanced since the 1950s, in contrast to many other songbirds. We found 34% of the males remained unpaired, limiting the population reproduction rate. Whinchats provided their nestlings primarily with beetles and caterpillars and feeding frequency appeared to depend on prey species. Higher feeding frequencies may lead to a higher risk of nest predation. Being single-brooded, Whinchat populations may be more affected by nest predation than populations of multi-brooded species.

H. Herman van Oosten

Willem van Manen

On the Breeding Ecology of Whinchats Saxicola rubetra in the Last Dutch Populations

关于荷兰最后一批灰纹鸟（Saxicola rubetra）的繁殖生态研究

As more and more species are in decline, understanding the various aspects underlying their population dynamics is crucial to optimise conservation efforts. Hereto, we studied the diet composition and reproductive performance of Gull-billed Terns forming the last breeding population in Central Europe by analysing population-level data collected between 2011 and 2022 as part of a conservation program. We show that the main prey types vary among breeding stages and across years. When observed foraging for themselves, Gull-billed Terns were mainly found to eat insects, whereas crabs and worms were the main prey items used for courtship feeding and chick provisioning. The proportion of prey of terrestrial origin used for courtship feeding increased over the study period, whereas no such change was observed in prey used for self-feeding or chick provisioning. Clutch and egg size also increased over the study period but were not correlated with the proportion of terrestrial prey used in courtship. Fledging success did not change over time and was not correlated with variation in chick diet. These results confirm that the Gull-billed Terns in this population are generalist feeders and suggest that their breeding success is not currently threatened by a lack of, or changes in, specific prey types. The shift towards more terrestrial prey in part of their diet may, however, indicate changes in the aquatic ecosystem, which should be further assessed, together with other potential risks for these threatened birds, such as inbreeding and pollution.

Anna Schnelle

Michel Winter

Sandra Bouwhuis

Markus Risch

Diet Composition and Reproductive Performance in Central Europe's Last Gull-Billed Tern Population – a Long-Term Study

饮食组成与中欧最后遗留的燕鸥种群的繁殖表现——一项长期研究

Several aspects of the migratory behaviour of birds, notably timing, direction and duration, have been shown, mainly from breeding experiments, to be under genetic influence. Nevertheless, aspects of migratory behaviour can be improved by learning, either from personal experience or from other individuals. This review is concerned with social influence on different aspects of bird migration. Communal migration can provide not only the usual anti-predation and food-finding benefits, but also energy savings (resulting from particular flock structures), greater synchronization of individual journeys and improved route finding. Individuals in a group can pool their knowledge of directions and routes to mutual benefit, and if a group contains different age-groups, naïve youngsters can learn from more experienced individuals. These advantages may be one reason why many birds migrate in flocks or in more diffuse aggregations, even some species that normally live solitarily. Some species, notably swans, geese and cranes, migrate as family units within flocks, so young could learn migratory routes, stopover sites and wintering areas from their parents. And providing the two age-groups migrated together, the young of other species could learn the same details from older, more experienced individuals, whether related or not. In the daytime, some birds can be seen to migrate on their own, while others travel in groups, flocks or other looser assemblages. Night migration has been studied by radar, ceilometers and other artificial lights and by 'moon-watching', as well as by sound recording to detect flight calls. While some species travel at night in dense flocks, as in the daytime, others (including some solitary species) seem to travel in loose aggregations which may form once the birds are airborne. Calling maintains contact between individuals and may thereby provide information on optimal directions, flight altitudes and other aspects. Species vary in the extent to which they call at night, but such vocalizations increase at times of change, such as take-offs and landings, altitude changes or as birds enter mist. Many birds show specific behaviours before migration which serve to synchronize departures of those individuals which have reached an appropriate condition. Individual homing pigeons, released at a distance, can normally find their way back to their home loft, but different pigeons may develop different routes. When pairs of pigeons, which have developed different routes, are released together, they may either take an intermediate route or one pigeon may join the other regarded as 'leader'. The larger the difference in experience between two pigeons, the greater the likelihood that the more experienced bird will emerge as leader. Migration in flocks may improve the accuracy of orientation if the direction of the flock is an average of the headings of the individual flock members (the 'many wrongs' principle). This notion has been supported by experiments on homing pigeons, and also by observations of wild birds, in which single individuals or small groups showed more variation in their directions than did larger groups. In general, directional scatter decreased as group size increased. In such systems, individual birds benefit from social contact with others, but all individuals have equal influence on the resulting direction. In practice, some birds (leaders) are likely to have more influence on directions than others (experienced more than inexperienced), as shown in experiments with pigeons and tracking of wild goose families on migration. Large scale field experiments have also shown that birds can be influenced in their movements by others of their species, and that even birds from resident populations can sometimes be induced to migrate when released into areas where migrants prevail. When juveniles are released in the absence of experienced adults, they take a wider range of directions than normal, some of which take them off an optimal route. By training geese, swans or cranes to fly behind ultralight aircraft, new migration routes have been created, re-establishing migratory populations in areas from which they were eliminated in the past. Such experiments further illustrate the role of social influence on bird migratory patterns. Suggestions are made for further research aimed to fill gaps in understanding and to take forward our understanding of social influence on migratory behaviour.

Abbreviation
Journal Impact	0.75
Quartiles(Global)	ORNITHOLOGY(Q3)

ISSN	0373-2266, 2213-1175
h-index	52

Publication Information	Publisher: Nederlandse Ornithologische Unie，Publishing cycle: Semiannual，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1990，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：>12周，或约稿
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Ardea

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The Migration Ecology of Birds.

The Peregrine Falcon.

On the Breeding Ecology of Whinchats Saxicola rubetra in the Last Dutch Populations

Diet Composition and Reproductive Performance in Central Europe's Last Gull-Billed Tern Population – a Long-Term Study

Learning and Social Influence on Bird Migration

The Migration Ecology of Birds.

The Peregrine Falcon.

On the Breeding Ecology of Whinchats Saxicola rubetra in the Last Dutch Populations

Diet Composition and Reproductive Performance in Central Europe's Last Gull-Billed Tern Population – a Long-Term Study

Learning and Social Influence on Bird Migration