CHEMICAL SENSES 发表关于人类和动物化学感受各个方面的原创研究和评论论文。该杂志报道的一个重要部分是致力于研究化学感受和化学感应结构的技术以及新方法的开发和应用。

The journal "Chemical Senses" publishes original research and review articles on various aspects of chemical senses in humans and animals. A significant portion of the journal is dedicated to the study of techniques related to chemical sensing and the development and application of new methods.

《Chemical Senses》期刊发表关于人类和动物化学感受的原创研究和评论论文。该杂志的重要部分致力于研究化学感受和化学感应结构的技术，以及新方法的开发和应用。

Chemical Senses

This study explored the effects of 5 taste solutions (citric acid, sucrose, sodium chloride, caffeine, and sodium glutamate) versus water on the power frequency content of swallowing submental surface electromyography (sEMG). Healthy subjects were presented with 5 ml of each of 5 tastants and water. Data were collected in 3 trials of the 5 tastants and water by using submental sEMG, which was then subjected to spectral analysis. Sour and salt taste solutions increased the spectrum-integrated values of the total power components. The spectrum-integrated values of low-frequency power (below 10 Hz) in the salt taste trial significantly increased, whereas those of high-frequency power (above 10 Hz) in the sour taste trial tended to increase. Neither pleasantness nor intensity of taste was related to these changes. This study also explored the effects of carbonation and cold stimulus on the power frequency content of continuous swallowing sEMG for 60-ml solutions. Carbonation significantly increased the spectrum-integrated value of the total power components by significantly increasing the high-frequency content. Cold stimulus significantly decreased the low-frequency content. In summary, this study reveals that taste, carbonation, and cold stimulus have qualitatively different influences on the power frequency content of swallowing sEMG.

Y. Miura

Y. Morita

H. Koizumi

T. Shingai

Effects of Taste Solutions, Carbonation, and Cold Stimulus on the Power Frequency Content of Swallowing Submental Surface Electromyography

味觉溶液、碳酸化及冷刺激对吞咽颏下表面肌电图功率频谱成分的影响

Moths recognize a wide range of volatile compounds, which they use to locate mates, food sources, and oviposition sites. These compounds are recognized by odorant receptors (OR) located within the dendritic membrane of sensory neurons that extend into the lymph of sensilla, covering the surface of insect antennae. We have identified 3 genes encoding ORs from the tortricid moth, Epiphyas postvittana, a pest of horticulture. Like Drosophila melanogaster ORs, they contain 7 transmembrane helices with an intracellular N-terminus, an orientation in the plasma membrane opposite to that of classical GPCRs. EpOR2 is orthologous to the coreceptor Or83b from D. melanogaster. EpOR1 and EpOR3 both recognize a range of terpenoids and benzoates produced by plants. Of the compounds tested, EpOR1 shows the best sensitivity to methyl salicylate [EC50 = 1.8 × 10−12 M], a common constituent of floral scents and an important signaling compound produced by plants when under attack from insects and pathogens. EpOR3 best recognizes the monoterpene citral to low concentrations [EC50 = 1.1 × 10−13 M]. Citral produces the largest amplitude electrophysiological responses in E. postvittana antennae and elicits repellent activity against ovipositing female moths. Orthologues of EpOR3 were found across 6 families within the Lepidoptera, suggesting that the ability to recognize citral may underpin an important behavior.

M. D. Jordan

A. Anderson

D. Begum

C. Carraher

A. Authier

S. D.G. Marshall

A. Kiely

L. N. Gatehouse

D. R. Greenwood

D. L. Christie

A. V. Kralicek

S. C. Trowell

R. D. Newcomb

Odorant Receptors from the Light brown Apple Moth (Epiphyas postvittana) Recognize Important Volatile Compounds Produced by Plants

来自苹果浅褐卷蛾（Epiphyas postvittana）的嗅觉受体识别植物产生的重要挥发性化合物

Abstract Transient or persistent hypo-anosmia is common in SARS‑CoV‑2 infection but olfactory pathway late-term morphometric changes are still under investigation. We evaluated late olfactory bulb (OB) imaging changes and their correlates with the olfactory function in otherwise neurologically asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Eighty-three subjects (mean-age 43±14 years; 54 females; time-interval infection/MRI: 129±68 days) affected by asymptomatic to mild COVID19 in 2020 and 25 healthy controls (mean-age 40±13 years; 9 females) underwent 3T-MRI and olfactory function evaluation through anamnestic questionnaire and Sniffin’ Sticks. Exclusion criteria were intensive care treatment or neurological involvement other than olfaction. Maximal OB area was measured blindly on high-resolution coronal T2w images by two observers. Patients were subdivided into: i) persistently hypo/anosmic, ii) recovered normosmic and iii) never complaining smell dysfunction with proven normal olfactory function. No significant differences were observed among patients' subgroups (p=0.76). Intra-observer and inter-observer reliability were high.(r=0.96 and 0.86). Former COVID19 patients had decreased mean maximal OB area than controls (6.52±1.11mm2 vs 7.26±1.17mm2, p=0.008) even when considering persistently hypo-anosmic (6.46±0.90, p=0.006) or normosmic patients at MRI (6.57±1.25, p=0.04). SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with mid/late-term morphological changes on the olfactory bulbs, regardless of presence or persistence of olfactory dysfunction. The long-term consequences on olfactory aging need to be further investigated including possible links with neurodegenerative disorders.

Francesco Morra

Matteo Minerva

Silvia Valeggia

Giovanni Librizzi

Elena Tramarin

Caterina Scalpelli

Anna Bordin

Giancarlo Ottaviano

Piergiorgio Gaudioso

Alessandra Bertoldo

Manuela Moretto

Alessandro Miola

Eleonora Lupia

Riccardo Ceccato

Carla Mucignat

Angelo Antonini

Renzo Manara

Late olfactory bulb involvement in COVID19

COVID19晚期嗅球受累

Abstract Sweeteners are used in the food industry to provide sweetness similar to sugar and to decrease the caloric intake and risks associated with obesity. However, some sweeteners are characterised by bitter, metallic and other off-tastes. Sensory and cellular studies have demonstrated synergies between sweetener blends, which are responsible for enhancing sweetness. This study aimed to identify new sweetener blends that are able to enhance sweetness intensity without causing bitter off-taste using in vitro functional expression of taste receptors. The dose-response of the sweet taste receptor (TAS1R2/TAS1R3) was determined for sucrose and 9 sweeteners and was consistent with their sweetness potency. Stimulation of TAS1R2/TAS1R3 by 6 binary sweetener blends confirmed 3 known synergies determined by sensory analysis, including sucralose/acesulfame-K, rebaudioside A/erythritol and rebaudioside A/thaumatin, and revealed 2 new synergies, known as, neotame/D-allulose and mogroside V/thaumatin. No synergy was observed for the rebaudioside M/mogroside V blend, probably due to their common binding sites on the sweet taste receptor. The ability of the 9 selected sweeteners to activate the 25 human bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) was tested. The cellular based assay demonstrated that sucralose, acesulfame-K, rebaudioside A, mogroside V and D-allulose activated at least 2 TAS2Rs. Sucralose, acesulfame-K and rebaudioside A exhibited lower EC50 values for TAS1R2/TAS1R3 than for TAS2Rs, which may explain their absence of bitter off-taste at low concentrations, unlike mogroside V and D-allulose. Our data provide a receptor-based understanding of the complex synergies among sweetener blends and an effective approach for testing new sweeteners while avoiding the activation of TAS2Rs.

Christine Belloir

Mathilde Jeannin

Adeline Karolkowski

Corey Scott

Loïc Briand

A receptor-based assay to study the sweet and bitter tastes of sweeteners and binary sweet blends: The SWEET Project

基于受体的甜味剂和二元甜味混合物甜味与苦味研究方法：SWEET项目

Abstract As vectors of disease, mosquitoes are a global threat to human health. The Anopheles mosquito is the deadliest mosquito species as the insect vector of the malaria-causing parasite, which kills hundreds of thousands every year. These mosquitoes are reliant on their sense of smell (olfaction) to guide most of their behaviors, and a better understanding of Anopheles olfaction identifies opportunities for reducing the spread of malaria. This review takes a detailed look at Anopheles olfaction. We explore a range of topics from chemosensory receptors, olfactory neurons, and sensory appendages to behaviors guided by olfaction (including host-seeking, foraging, oviposition, and mating), to vector management strategies that target mosquito olfaction. We identify many research areas that remain to be addressed.

Joanna K Konopka

Darya Task

Ali Afify

Joshua Raji

Katelynn Deibel

Sarah Maguire

Randy Lawrence

Christopher J Potter

Olfaction in<i>Anopheles</i>mosquitoes

按蚊嗅觉

Abstract Olfactory perception begins when odorous substances interact with specialized receptors located on the surface of dedicated sensory neurons. The recognition of smells depends on a complex mechanism involving a combination of interactions between an odorant and a set of odorant receptors (ORs), where molecules are recognized according to a combinatorial activation code of ORs. Although these interactions have been studied for decades, the rules governing this ligand recognition remain poorly understood, and the complete combinatorial code is only known for a handful of odorants. We have carefully analyzed experimental results regarding the interactions between ORs and molecules to provide a status report on the deorphanization of ORs, i.e., the identification of the first agonist for a given sequence. This meticulous analysis highlights the influence of experimental methodology (cell line or readout) on molecule-receptor association results and shows that 83% of the results are conserved regardless of experimental conditions. The distribution of another key parameter, EC50, indicates that most OR ligands activities are in the micromolar range and that impurities could lead to erroneous conclusions. Focusing on the human ORs, our study shows that 88% of the documented sequences still need to be deorphanized. Finally, we also estimate the size of the ORs’ recognition range, or broadness, as the number of odorants activating a given OR. By analogously estimating molecular broadness and combining the two estimates we propose a basic framework that can serve as a comparison point for future machine learning algorithms predicting OR-molecule activity.

Maxence Lalis

Matej Hladis

Samar Abi Khalil

Christophe Deroo

Christophe Marin

Moustafa Bensafi

Nicolas Baldovini

Sébastien Fiorucci

Jérémie Topin

A status report on human odorant Receptors and their allocated agonists

人类嗅觉受体及其配体激动剂的现状报告

The olfactory nerve, also known as cranial nerve I, is known to have exclusive ipsilateral projections to primary olfactory cortical structures. However, the lateralization of olfactory processes is known to depend on the task and nature of stimuli. It still remains unclear whether olfactory system projections in humans also correspond to functional pathways during olfactory tasks without any trigeminal, perceptual or cognitive-motor components. Twenty young healthy subjects with a normal sense of smell took part in an olfactory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. We used two types of nostril specific stimulation, passive (no sniffing) and active (with sniffing), with phenyl ethyl alcohol, a pure olfactory stimulant, to investigate fMRI activity patterns in primary and secondary olfactory-related brain structures. Irrespective of the stimulated nostril and the type of stimulation, we detected symmetrical activity in primary and secondary olfactory-related brain structures such as the primary olfactory cortex, entorhinal cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex. In the absence of perceptual or cognitive-motor task demands, the perception of monorhinally presented pure odors is processed bilaterally in the brain.

Anupa Ekanayake

Senal Peiris

Sangam Kanekar

Michael Tobia

Qing Yang

Biyar Ahmed

Silas McCaslin

Deepak Kalra

Paul Eslinger

Prasanna Karunanayaka

Monorhinal and Birhinal Odor Processing in Humans: an fMRI investigation

人类单鼻孔和双鼻孔气味处理的fMRI研究

Abstract Studies on taste bud cells and brain stem relay nuclei suggest that alternative pathways convey information regarding different taste qualities. Building on the hypothesis that amiloride (epithelial Na channel antagonist)-sensitive neurons respond to palatable salt (low-concentration) and amiloride-insensitive neurons respond to aversive salt (high-concentration), we investigated the histological distribution of taste-sensitive neurons in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract in rats and their NaCl and amiloride sensitivities. We recorded neuronal activity in extracellular single units using multi-barrel glass micropipettes and reconstructed their locations on the rostrocaudal and mediolateral axes. Seventy-three taste-sensitive neurons were categorized into the best-taste category. The amiloride sensitivities of the 31 neurons were examined for 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 M NaCl. The neuronal distribution of amiloride-sensitive neurons was located in the lateral region, while amiloride-insensitive neurons were located in the medial region. The amiloride-sensitive neurons responded to low salt concentrations, signaling the NaCl levels required by body fluids. Amiloride-insensitive neurons were silent at low salt concentrations but may function as warning signals for high salt concentrations. Low-threshold and/or high-response neurons were located in the rostrolateral region. In contrast, high-threshold and/or low-response neurons were located in the caudal-medial region.

Tatsuko Yokota

Katsunari Hiraba

Different taste map for amiloride sensitivity, response frequency, and threshold to NaCl in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract in rats

大鼠孤束核前部对阿米洛利敏感性、反应频率及对氯化钠阈值的不同味觉图谱

短名	Chem. Senses
Journal Impact	2.76
国际分区	PHYSIOLOGY(Q2)
期刊索引	SCI Q1中科院 4 区

ISSN	0379-864X, 1464-3553
h-index	112
国内分区	心理学(4区)心理学行为科学(4区)心理学食品科技(4区)心理学神经科学(4区)心理学生理学(4区)

涉及主题	生物心理学神经科学化学医学生物化学内科学遗传学有机化学生态学食品科学精神科内分泌学认知心理学品味嗅觉受体气味哲学病理
出版信息	出版商: Oxford University Press，出版周期: Monthly，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 1974，原创研究文献占比: 84.85%，自引率:7.10%， Gold OA占比: 21.05%
平均审稿周期	网友分享经验：平均1月
平均录用比例	网友分享经验：约95%

Chemical Senses

期刊引文格式

有 1 位以上作者的期刊

有 2 位作者的期刊

有 3 位作者的期刊

有 5 位以上作者的期刊

书籍引用格式

学位论文引用格式

网页引用格式

专利引用格式

手工熬夜修改参考文献？研飞自动匹配期刊，一键轻松成稿，支持 Word/WPS

投稿经验分享

Effects of Taste Solutions, Carbonation, and Cold Stimulus on the Power Frequency Content of Swallowing Submental Surface Electromyography

Odorant Receptors from the Light brown Apple Moth (Epiphyas postvittana) Recognize Important Volatile Compounds Produced by Plants

Late olfactory bulb involvement in COVID19

A receptor-based assay to study the sweet and bitter tastes of sweeteners and binary sweet blends: The SWEET Project

Olfaction inAnophelesmosquitoes

A receptor-based assay to study the sweet and bitter tastes of sweeteners and binary sweet blends: The SWEET Project

Late olfactory bulb involvement in COVID19

A status report on human odorant Receptors and their allocated agonists

Monorhinal and Birhinal Odor Processing in Humans: an fMRI investigation

Different taste map for amiloride sensitivity, response frequency, and threshold to NaCl in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract in rats