CEOG is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal. CEOG covers all aspects of Obstetrics and Gynecology, including obstetrics, prenatal diagnosis, maternal-fetal medicine, perinatology, general gynecology, gynecologic oncology, uro-gynecology, reproductive medicine, infertility, reproductive endocrinology, sexual medicine. All submissions of cutting-edge advances of medical research in the area of women's health worldwide are encouraged.

Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal. It covers all aspects of Obstetrics and Gynecology, including obstetrics, prenatal diagnosis, maternal-fetal medicine, perinatology, general gynecology, gynecologic oncology, uro-gynecology, reproductive medicine, infertility, reproductive endocrinology, and sexual medicine. We encourage submissions of cutting-edge medical research advances in the field of women's health worldwide.

《Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology》是一本国际性的、经过同行评审的开放获取期刊。该期刊涵盖了妇产科的各个方面，包括产科、产前诊断、母胎医学、围产医学、普通妇科、妇科肿瘤学、泌尿妇科、生殖医学、不孕症、生殖内分泌学和性医学。我们鼓励全球范围内在女性健康领域的前沿医学研究的所有投稿。

Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background : Low bone mineral density (BMD) is the hallmark of osteoporosis, postmenopausal women are more likely to have microarchitectural deterioration and fracture risks. This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum creatinine (sCr) levels and osteoporosis in women who are early postmenopausal. Methods : There were 335 early postmenopausal women (age 40–60 years) in Dongguan, China, included in this cross-sectional study. BMD in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and trochanter was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and assessed using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models based on sCr levels obtained during the first DXA examination. Results : Without osteoporosis patients had significantly higher sCr levels than osteoporosis patients. Overall, 75 (22.4%) participants (age, 51.3 ± 5.2 years) had osteoporosis. The median sCr level was 55.9 ± 9.6 µmol/L (range, 29.0–94.0 µmol/L). sCr levels increased by 1 µmol/L, while the risk of osteoporosis decreased by 4% (odds ratio [OR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.93–0.99), when menopause duration, menopause rating scale, body mass index, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, activity status, serum uric acid, and serum urea nitrogen were considered. Participants in the highest sCr quantile were at low risk for osteoporosis compared with those in the lowest quantile (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22–0.94). Based on subgroup and sensitivity analyses, this association remained stable. Conclusions : The sCr levels of early postmenopausal women are negatively associated with BMD, independent of age, menopause duration, and serum uric acid levels. As a marker of bone health, sCr may be a valuable indicator of skeletal muscle mass and provide evidence for future osteoporosis markers.

Shaohui Chen

Shugen Zhou

Yuanhong Chen

Rongju Liu

Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology

Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol.

Association between Serum Creatinine and Osteoporosis in Early Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

早期绝经后女性血清肌酐与骨质疏松症的关联：一项横断面研究

Background: Factors such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic quarantine, economic decline, and unemployment have an impact on mental health, and have made mental illnesses an important public health problem worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, depression is currently the fourth reason of the global burden of diseas. Evidence shows that women with gestational diabetes (GDM) are at higher risk of developing depression during pregnancy. Despite extensive research carried out by the probiotic industry in recent years, there is a lack of consensus on the available evidence on how best to use probiotics in mental health. Considering the impact of probiotics on mental health, our study aimed to answer the question of whether probiotic supplementation is effective on depression and anxiety in women with gestational diabetes. Methods: In this randomized controlled study with an allocation ratio of 1:1, the participants were divided into two groups: control group, received standard diet compatible with Mediterranean diet (MD) while the probiotic supplementation group received both the standard diet compatible with MD and probiotic supplementation (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum and Enterococcus faecium). The participants’ sociodemographic data, medical history, pregnancy data, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet at 24 and 36 weeks of pregnancy were recorded. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale (PrAS), and Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS) scales were used. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine group and time effects and group-time interactions. Additionally, sleep problems, stressful events, and sedentary physical activity were added as exclusion criteria to optimize the impact of potential problems on depression. Results: In the control and probiotic groups, anxiety scores at 36 weeks of gestation were found to be 16.53 ± 3.49 and 16.27 ± 3.62, respectively (p = 0.771). Maternal attachment scores at 36 weeks of gestation were found to be 67.39 ± 7.56 and 69.29 ± 5.89 in the control and probiotic groups, respectively (p = 0.266). Depression (8.24 ± 2.48; 8.56 ± 2.75, p = 0.627) and anxiety scores during pregnancy and weight gain (12.80 ± 2.97 and 12.07 ± 2.41, p = 0.284) were lower in the probiotic supplementation group at 36 weeks of gestation compared to the control group. The Mediterranean diet score was higher in the probiotic supplement group (33.64 ± 4.92) compared to the control group (31.97 ± 5.18) at week 36. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the prediction of depression risk based on the scores obtained from the Med-diet (Mediterranean diet) scale. Accordingly, EPDS (β = –0.57, p = 0.001), PrAS (β = –0.32, p = 0.004), and MAAS (β = 0.78, p = 0.003) significantly predicted the Med-diet score. A one-unit improvement in the Med-diet score resulted in a decrease of 0.57 units in depression, a decrease of 0.3 units in anxiety and an increase of 0.78 units in maternal attachment in both groups. Conclusions: In GDM, the Mediterranean diet quality had a significant negative relationship with depression and anxiety, and a positive relationship with maternal attachment. The group receiving probiotic supplementation had lower scores for depression and anxiety and lower gestational weight gain. However, the Mediterranean diet score was higher in the probiotic group at week 36. Clinical Trial Registration: Registered under ISRCTN registry (https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN96215615) identifier no. ISRCTN96215615.

Fatma Bengü Kuyulu Bozdoğan

Seray Kabaran

Aybala Tazeoğlu

Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology

Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Maternal Depression, Anxiety and Attachment in Gestational Diabetes by Improving Mediterranean Diet Quality: A Randomized Controlled Trial

益生菌补充对妊娠糖尿病孕妇抑郁、焦虑及依恋关系的影响：通过改善地中海饮食质量的随机对照试验

Objective: This study aims to compare the efficacy of two insulin administration methods — continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple daily injections (MDI) — in managing glycemic levels and influencing pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients. Methods: In total, 118 GDM patients admitted between January 2021 and May 2023 were randomly allocated into two groups using a computer-generated sequence. Patients in the MDI group received multiple daily injections, while those in the CSII group received continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion via an insulin pump. The study duration lasted from diagnosis until delivery. Glycemic control was measured by monitoring fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), and bedtime blood glucose (BBG) levels. Pregnancy outcomes included the incidence of hypoglycemia, premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, fetal distress, macrosomia, neonatal asphyxia, and preterm delivery. Results: Post-treatment, the CSII group showed better control of FBG, PBG, and BBG, which were significantly lower compared to the MDI group (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the incidence rates of complications such as hypoglycemia, fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia were significantly lower in the CSII group compared to the MDI group (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: CSII offers better treatment outcomes for GDM patients compared to MDI. It effectively regulates blood glucose levels, optimizes pregnancy outcomes, and minimizes the risk of neonatal complications. Hence, CSII deserves further clinical endorsement and application. Clinical Trial Registration: The study has been registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registration https://www.chictr.org.cn/ (registration number: ChiCTR2400088927).

Xiling Shi

Qinghua Cai

Siming Xin

Shan Wu

Yousu Shen

Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) versus Multiple Daily Injections (MDI): Impact on Glycemic Control and Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes

持续皮下胰岛素输注（CSII）与多次每日注射（MDI）：对妊娠糖尿病血糖控制和妊娠结局的影响

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the main chronic pain conditions in women and is often associated with various psychiatric disorders and some painful conditions. Women with dysmenorrhea report the presence of abdominal and lumbar allodynia at the end of the menstrual cycle, suggesting an association between menstrual pain and increased mechanical hypersensitivity in the abdominal and lumbar regions. Therefore, the general objective of this study was to measure pressure pain thresholds and depressive and anxiety symptoms in Mexican women with primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: This prospective cohort study used a cross-sectional design with female students; being older than 17 years of age, being available during menstruation, and having moderate-to-severe primary dysmenorrhea diagnosed by a physician were inclusion criteria. After providing informed consent, the women completed a questionnaire assessing demographic information, variations in menstrual patterns, and menstrual pain and its severity. Similarly, the Beck Depression Inventory and Anxiety Inventory were administered to the participants prior to obtaining pressure pain thresholds at specific abdominal and lumbar points. The data were entered into a computerized database. Exploratory analysis was performed via Student’s t test, Pearson’s chi-square test, or analysis of variance. Statistical significance was considered when p &lt; 0.05. Results: A total of 69 women were included in the study. The mean ± standard deviation age of all participants was 20.9 ± 1.9 years. The main locations of menstrual pain were the lower abdomen (87.0%) and the lumbar region (10.1%). In terms of pain severity, 65.2% of the participants reported moderate pain, and 34.8% reported severe pain. With respect to the pain pressure threshold at the six evaluated points, the threshold in the abdominal region was significantly lower than the threshold in the lumbar region (p &lt; 0.05). No relationship was found between the severity of dysmenorrhea pain and the level of depression or anxiety or with the pain pressure thresholds (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: The severity of dysmenorrhea pain in the participating women was not associated with anxiolytic or depressive states. No significant relationship was found between the severity of dysmenorrhea and the sensitivity of the pressure pain threshold in the areas evaluated.

Mario I. Ortiz

Pressure Pain Threshold, Depression and Anxiety in Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Prospective Cohort Study

原发性痛经女性的压力痛阈、抑郁和焦虑：一项前瞻性队列研究

Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disease, which is easy to cause adverse outcomes in mother and child. Effective prediction of preeclampsia have important clinic al significance. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the utility of thrombin time during the first trimester as a predictive marker for preeclampsia. Methods: We meticulously examined the clinical characteristics of a cohort comprising 222 pregnant individuals with mild preeclampsia, 315 with severe preeclampsia, and 396 healthy pregnant women. Subsequently, we conducted both univariate and multiple regression analyses to discern variations in quantitative variables across these groups and to ascertain any discernible associations between thrombin time and the incidence of preeclampsia. Furthermore, we assessed the predictive performance of thrombin time by utilizing the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC). Results: Thrombin time exhibited a statistically significant prolongation in the preeclampsia cohort compared to the healthy pregnancy cohort (p &lt; 0.05). This significance was maintained after adjusting for maternal age and gestation at testing in the logistic regression model. The AUC for thrombin time was found to be 0.953, with a commendable specificity of 97.28% and sensitivity of 92.48% in predicting preeclampsia. Conclusions: Our findings provide compelling evidence of a noteworthy association between prolonged thrombin time in the first trimester and an elevated risk of preeclampsia. The robust positive correlation underscores the potential of prolonged thrombin time as a predictive marker for the development of preeclampsia. Nevertheless, it is crucial to emphasize that further experimental studies are imperative to elucidate the underlying pathogenesis of thrombin time in the progression of preeclampsia.

Yuting Li

Yanli Chen

Hua Shu

Xiaoyun Zhang

Peng Li

Fengge Wang

Dongmei Man

Predictive Value of Thrombin Time in Early Preeclampsia

早期子痫前期凝血酶时间的预测价值

Background: Globally, cervical cancer represents a major public health concern. The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine serves as a primary preventive strategy against cervical cancer. This study aimed to assess the HPV vaccine awareness and acceptability (HPVVAA) among women in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative data to assess HPVVAA among women in Saudi Arabia. A national survey was conducted with a diverse sample of 640 Saudi women, aged 18 to 65, representing both urban and rural areas. Data collection involved structured questionnaires, including both closed-ended and open-ended questions, distributed online and via paper-based self-administration. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic characteristics, while inferential statistics and logistic regression were used to identify associations between variables. Thematic content analysis of the open-ended responses was conducted to explore recurring themes related to awareness, acceptability, and potential barriers. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. Ethics approval and written informed consent were obtained prior to participants’ involvement in the study. Results: A total of 640 women participated in the study. The majority of participants were over 50 years old (31.2%), married (45.3%), and held a university or higher educational level (43.8%). Approximately 39.1% of participants had received the HPV vaccine, while 56.3% expressed willingness to accept it. Awareness of HPV and its link to cervical cancer was reported at 78.8% and 62.5%, respectively. The primary source of information (34.4%) was healthcare professionals. Positive attitudes toward vaccinations and favorable perceptions of the HPV vaccine’s safety and efficacy were prevalent among the respondents. Age (p &lt; 0.01; odds ratio [OR]: 1.134; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.045–1.231) and marital status (p = 0.027; OR: 1.078; 95% CI: 1.007–1.153) were significant predictors of vaccine acceptance. Age was identified as a significant factor that influences awareness (p &lt; 0.001; OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.10–1.42). Participants who were one year older were 1.25 times more likely to be aware of the HPV vaccine, with a 95% CI of 1.10 to 1.42 (p &lt; 0.001). Participants with better healthcare access were more likely to be aware of the HPV vaccine (p &lt; 0.001; OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.15–1.47). Conclusions: The study found a significant HPVVAA among women in Saudi Arabia. However, there is room for improvement in vaccine uptake, particularly in addressing barriers such as accessibility, affordability, and fear of side effects. Targeted communication strategies and public health initiatives are recommended to enhance HPVVAA and uptake, ultimately contributing to the global goal of cervical cancer prevention and control.

Mishari M. Alrashidi

Ahmed K. Ali

Elhadi Miskeen

Abdulaziz D Algarni

Rawabi S Almatrafi

Naif S Albudyri

Tarig A Alrashidi

Assessment of Awareness and Acceptance of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine among Women in Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based Survey

沙特阿拉伯女性对人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的认知与接受度评估：一项基于社区的调查

Background: Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is a conservative management tool for the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFDs). The aim of this review was to scope, summarize and critically evaluate available research investigating the impact of various modes of EMS on PFDs in females. Methods: Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was used with The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. Three databases were searched. Articles published in English that included female participants living with pelvic floor muscle dysfunction where EMS was used as a conservation care intervention were included in the review. Included studies were analyzed following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized trials was used to assess risk of bias for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and Hawker and Payne’s quality appraisal criteria was used to appraise the data from the other included papers systematically. Results: A total of 37 studies, including 20 RCTs were included. A favorable impact, across various outcomes, was found across trials which investigated different types of EMS with varying protocols. The heterogenous nature of intervention protocols limited the ability to apply any statistical or meta-analyses. EMS demonstrates a positive effect for improving outcomes related to PFDs in adult women. Included studies support the use of EMS for stress, urgency and mixed urinary incontinence. All versions of EMS studied were found to provide significant improvements, which included them being used as a sole intervention or as an adjunct intervention. High intensity forms of EMS were consistently found to require shorter intervention times. Conclusions: EMS demonstrates improvement across outcomes for PFDs among adult women. In particular, the results of this review suggest that EMS may be particularly useful in women living with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or who those are unable to perform voluntary muscle contractions when pelvic floor muscle training is attempted. Further research related to more novel versions of high intensity EMS approaches is needed.

Nicole A. Guitar

Priyanshi S Akbari

Christina Dzieduszycki

Kristi Konduros

Hessa Asmani

Sinéad Dufour

Electrical Muscle Stimulation for the Conservative Management of Female Pelvic Floor Muscle Dysfunction: A Scoping Review

电刺激肌肉治疗女性盆底肌功能障碍的保守管理：范围综述

Background: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG) are pregnancy-specific liver diseases associated with significant fetal and maternal complications. Typically, HEG is diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy, and ICP in the third trimester of pregnancy. The aim of this study is to investigate whether primigravid women diagnosed with ICP between the 26th and 37th weeks of pregnancy were also diagnosed with HEG during the first trimester, and to evaluate whether the diagnosis of ICP can be predicted in pregnant women with a prior diagnosis of HEG. Methods: Our study is a retrospective analysis. A total of 4000 pregnant women, aged 18 to 45 years and between 26th and 37th weeks of gestation, who presented to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the Health Sciences University, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital with complaints of pruritus between 01/07/2018 and 01/07/2023, were screened. 227 patients were diagnosed with ICP. Complete medical records and blood test results were available for 141 patients. 39 patients with a history of previous pregnancies and/or comorbidities, as well as 30 patients without available serum total bile acids (TBA) results, were excluded from the study. Of these, 72 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study and grouped into primigravid women with and without a history of HEG in the first-trimester. Demographic characteristics, gestational age, detailed medical history, ultrasound findings, and biochemical parameters—including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, bilirubin, and fasting bile acid (FBA) levels were statistically compared. Results: In our study, comparisons revealed no significant differences in AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and direct bilirubin levels (p &gt; 0.05) between the groups with and without a history of HEG diagnosed with cholestasis. In pregnant women diagnosed with cholestasis, the total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin levels were significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) in the group with a history of HEG compared to the group without a history of HEG. In contrast, TBA levels were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) in the group with a history of HEG compared to the group without a history of HEG. Conclusions: This study found that primigravid women with ICP and a history of HEG had elevated TBA levels, while total and indirect bilirubin levels were reduced. This suggests that patients with a history of HEG should be closely monitored in later stages of pregnancy for the development of ICP and potential liver damage. However, larger and more comprehensive studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Ayça Kubat Küçükyurt

Selma Atiye Kolcu

The Role of Hyperemesis Gravidarum in the First-Trimester as a Predictor of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

妊娠剧吐在妊娠早期作为妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症预测因子的作用

Background: Although cervical cerclage has improved with the rapid development of medical technology, there remains a distinct probability of adverse pregnancy outcomes. To investigate the associations of changes in the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR-1) and peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with premature delivery secondary to infection in pregnant patients undergoing cervical cerclage. Methods: Sixty-seven pregnant patients with premature delivery after cervical cerclage, who were treated at the Affiliated Matern &amp; Child Care Hospital of Nantong University from January 2022 to October 2023, were enrolled, including 43 with premature delivery secondary to infection (infectious group) and 24 with idiopathic premature delivery (non-infectious group). The pre-delivery serum levels of HMGB1, sTNFR-1 and the peripheral blood level of NLR were compared between the 2 groups. Further, the clinical value of these 3 indicators in predicting premature delivery secondary to infection among pregnant patients undergoing cervical cerclage was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The infectious group exhibited significantly higher serum levels of HMGB1, sTNFR-1 and peripheral blood level of NLR compared to those in the non-infectious group, demonstrating significant differences (p &lt; 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that HMGB1 and NLR were independent influencing factors for premature delivery (p &lt; 0.05). According to the ROC curve analysis results, the changes in HMGB1, sTNFR-1 and NLR levels may reflect the risk of premature delivery secondary to infection among pregnant patients undergoing cervical cerclage. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of combined detection were all markedly higher than those of independent detection. Conclusions: HMGB1, sTNFR-1 and NLR levels are risk factors for third-trimester premature delivery among pregnant patients undergoing cervical cerclage. Timely combined detection of serum HMGB1, sTNFR-1 and peripheral blood NLR during the third trimester can improve the clinical diagnostic acumen, which enables early prevention to help lower the risk of premature delivery.

Shengnan Cai

Yanting Wu

Yiqian Ding

Li Zeng

Associations of HMGB1, sTNFR-1 and NLR with Premature Delivery Secondary to Infection in Pregnant Women Undergoing Cervical Cerclage

HMGB1、sTNFR-1和NLR与接受宫颈环扎术孕妇感染所致早产的关联

Background: The objective of this study was to extract maternal plasma D-dimer test results from a large medical records dataset and to establish a reference level for pregnant women in our center. This study aimed to investigate the role and efficacy of D-dimer levels for predicting complications in high-risk pregnant women. Methods: The clinical data of 19,117 women who delivered at Wenzhou People’s Hospital between January 1, 2020, and September 30, 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 74,401 D-dimer test results were extracted from the laboratory information system. Following data screening and matching, 7692 records of D-dimer test results for healthy pregnant women and 19,005 records for pregnant women with complications were selected. D-dimer reference values were calculated for early pregnancy (1–13 weeks gestation), mid-pregnancy (14–27 weeks gestation), late pregnancy (28–36 weeks gestation), and the end of pregnancy (37–41 weeks gestation). A logistic regression model was used to plot receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and determine cut-off values for predicting pregnancy complications in each phase. Results: The mean D-dimer levels in the healthy pregnancy group were 0.56 mg/L in early pregnancy, 1.08 mg/L in mid-pregnancy, 1.48 mg/L in late pregnancy, and 1.89 mg/L at the end of pregnancy. D-dimer levels were greater in the complication group (which contains 11 common pregnancy disorders, including premature rupture of membranes (PRM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational hypertension (GHP), preeclampsia (PE), placental abnormalities, thyroid dysfunction, hemorrhage, thrombophilia, fetal macrosomia, preterm delivery, and infections) than in the healthy group in all pregnancy phases, with statistically significant differences observed in early, medium, and the end of pregnancy. D-dimer levels showed good diagnostic performance in predicting pregnancy complications in early pregnancy (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.71, cut-off value = 0.87, odds ratio: 7.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.41–9.36, p-value = 0.000). Conclusions: The reference range of D-dimer increases with the progression of gestational phases and demonstrates predictive efficacy for high-risk pregnancy complications during early pregnancy.

Wenhuan Wang

Qiqi Dai

Liqin Pan

Hongping Zhang

Yeping Wang

Reference Levels of Plasma D-dimer for Normal Pregnant and Their Association with Pregnancy Complications: A Single-center Retrospective Analysis

正常孕妇血浆D-二聚体参考水平及其与妊娠并发症的相关性：一项单中心回顾性分析

Abbreviation	Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol.
Journal Impact	0.21
Quartiles(Global)	OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY(Q4)

ISSN	0390-6663, 2709-0094
h-index	37

Publication Information	Publisher: IMR Press Limited，Publishing cycle: Monthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 1974，Proportion of original research papers: 77.95%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 99.60%
Journal Fees	$1500Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均24月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：约75%

Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology

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