Bezopasnost' Truda v Promyshlennosti

Occupational diseases caused by the chemical factor, including acute intoxications, continue to be reported in enterprises of the petrochemical industry. In this regard, studying the etiological factor causing acute intoxication, as well as the circumstances and causes of its occurrence among various professional groups of employees is still urgent. A retrospective analysis of materials of the investigation of occupational diseases caused by acute intoxications that occurred within 50 years (from 1967 to 2022) at the largest petrochemical plant located in the Volga Federal District has been conducted. An in-depth analysis of acute occupational disease risk indicators at the plant has shown that for the analyzed period, 124 cases of acute occupational poisonings, both collective and with one victim were reported. The high professional risk of health disorders due to acute poisonings has been detected for employees of the main professions: operators, machinists, and process equipment repair mechanics. The most significant factors causing acute poisonings were ammonia (23.4 % of all cases), hydrogen sulfide (17.3 %), carbon monoxide (10.7 %), and aromatic hydrocarbons (9.8 %). The main areas of chemical factor risk minimization have been developed based on the analysis.

N.A. Muldasheva

L.K. Karimova

I.V. Shapoval

N.A. Beygul

D.O. Karimov

Occupational Safety in Industry

Acute Intoxications in Chemical Production Conditions and Preventive Measures

化学生产条件下的急性中毒及预防措施

A risk-oriented approach at hazardous production facilities is a part of critical measures to maintain the safety of the production environment affecting both human health and performance during the working process and to minimize accidents and production hazards. The objective assessment of all stages of the production process is an important aspect of the enterprise's activities. Enterprises should immediately introduce and implement comprehensive measures of production safety that must simultaneously minimize threats to human health (occupational risk assessment — the development and implementation of unified criteria of accident risk assessment) and prevention of potential hazards at each workplace in particular and at the enterprise in general (establishing the industrial safety culture and awareness of personal responsibility for the workflow safety, compliance with industrial safety requirements). The latter is the key principle as it concerns cross-industry integration, i.e., the basic level of knowledge and skills obtained during the learning process and the practical experience of working with industrial equipment, and specifics of the enterprise’s operation. The article provides the analysis of outcomes of work in the sphere of occupational and industrial safety at Razrez Kolavansky JSC with the application of a risk-oriented approach. At the same time, the impact of education (qualification) on injuries of the employees of Razrez has been considered.

E.I. Komaricheva

O.V. Vinogradova

A.V. Danilchenko

D.A. Fakhretdinov

Analysis of Occupational and Industrial Safety at Razrez Kolyvansky JSC

Razrez Kolyvansky JSC 职业与工业安全分析

In conditions of uncertainty and high dynamics of the operating environment of a mining enterprise, the operation of its mine engineering system must ensure timely response (reactions) adequate to the impact of the internal and external environments. At the same time, the most crucial characteristics of a mine engineering system in a turbulent external environment are efficiency, safety, and environmental friendliness, whose conflict constantly intensifies. The article considers two characteristics of the system, i.e., efficiency and production safety, and the tasks to ensure them may often contradict each other. It is possible to reduce or mitigate the impact of this conflict on the production activities of an enterprise using production risk management. Based on the analysis of the operation of mining enterprises in the sphere of accident and injury risk management and methods applied within the framework of production safety system functioning, the main tendencies, specifics, and regularities of risk management have been determined. This allowed for the substantiation of principles necessary and sufficient for risk management under uncertainty of the environment of operation of mining enterprises: production conditions are always changeable, therefore, the parameters of the mine engineering system deviate from the design values and the scheduled operation mode; the object of control at risk management is a production situation; a production emergency as a manifestation of dual nature of risk reveals both profits and losses. The implementation of the suggested principles is possible on the condition of control over production risk including all factors affecting employees of different occupations during their work and uniting both economic (non-compliance with production program, accidents, production downtime) and social risks (injuries, temporary disabilities). The account of the established regularity of the occurrence of production emergencies at design, planning, and production activities at a mining enterprise will ensure an acceptable level of production risk for mining operations.

V.L. Yakovlev

I.L. Kravchuk

E.M. Nevolina

Methodological Principles of Risk Management at Mining Enterprises under Uncertainty of the Environment

不确定环境下矿业企业风险管理的方法论原则

Harmful factors in the working area of foundry operators are considered. The complexity of workflows affects the quality of air in the foundry. The casting process is accompanied by the generation of a significant amount of dust as well as high levels of noise and vibration. The relevant aspect of the study is the assessment of the state of occupational safety, considering the harmful factors at the production in question. Dust content has been thoroughly investigated by dispersive and elemental analysis of dust using X-ray fluorescence analysis and laser diffraction. The impact of the vibroacoustic factor has been studied. An analysis of the sound pressure level in the working areas of the foundry has been provided. The authors have proposed technical measures to reduce dust content and the level of impact of the vibroacoustic factor. The development of a system of measures to minimize harmful impact has been based on a combined analysis of factors. Methods to reduce noise and dust content at workplaces are proposed as follows: organizing a highly efficient system of post-treatment of dust emissions, increasing equipment sound absorption, installing structures to reduce noise pollution, and using a coating system made of dense rubber structures (compounds). Ensuring safe working conditions in working areas of the foundry has been studied; the improvement of working conditions due to the improvement of existing and installation of new noise and vibration protection means has been proposed. An integrated approach to the assessment of production factors has been provided, which has been the key element for the development of engineering and organizational protection measures. The integrated analysis helped identify the degree of impact of harmful factors such as noise, and dust content on machine operators during the casting process and to conduct a comparative assessment of sound pressure levels. The sound pressure can be reduced by 8–10 dB using improved mechanisms of shot-blasting chamber operator protection. More extensive dust protection measures are proposed due to the sample content of 85% of the dust mass less than 100 microns and multicomponent dust with a high content of silicon and iron. The findings provide a technical value for the substantiation of the modernization of noise and dust reduction systems at foundry operator workplaces.

E.I. Golovina

D.A. Sokolov

Assessment of Impact of Harmful Factors of Production Environment in a Foundry

铸造厂生产环境有害因素影响评估

Experimental studies of processes of liquid hydrogen spill and evaporation and the generation of explosive and fire-hazardous hydrogen-air mixtures in a partially confined space with varying degrees of confinement (varying degrees of leakage of openings) on a stand of 96 m3 volume have been conducted, which involved the ignition of mixtures with delayed and non-delayed inflammation and the measurement of overpressure of explosion; the impact of water screen on these processes have been studied as well. The experiments with duty torches feature rapid combustion of the mixture when the boundary of the generating explosive cloud approaches the area of installed burners, and the volume of the faintly glowing flame of the burning-out mixture rises to a significant height. For all the experiments, the overpressure in the shock wave generated by the flame was approximately the same, equal to 0.8–1.2 kPa. For experiments with delayed ignition, the generation and development of a visible hydrogen-air mixture cloud and its rapid combustion at the activation of burner flares were registered; the visible flame velocities reached 3,050 m/s. At the same time, the delayed ignition within the range of 1–3.2 s did not cause a significant increase of overpressure in the shock wave. Therefore, the specifics of the mixture combustion process in case of liquid hydrogen spills in a confined space are mainly determined by the conditions of mixture generation that significantly differ from the conditions of the generation of hydrogen-air mixture in free space. When hydrogen-air mixtures are exposed to a water screen after the ignition in a confined space, as well as in the air atmosphere, the processes of mixture combustion are activated due to initial combustible mixture flame turbulence. The turbulence of the initial combustible mixture flame is conducted on droplets acting as a periodic volumetric obstacle on the route of the flame front intensifying the flame. At the same time, water screens, with preemptive action, reduce the pressure in the shock wave by the time of the hydrogen spill.

I.A. Bolodyan

L.P. Vogman

Experimental Studies of the Formation and Combustion of Hydrogen-Air Mixtures during Liquid Hydrogen Spills and When Exposed to Water Screens in a Partially Confined Space

部分封闭空间内液氢泄漏及遇水幕时氢气-空气混合物的形成与燃烧的实验研究

ISSN	0409-2961, 2658-5537
h-index	10

Publication Information	Publisher: STC Industrial Safety CJSC，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2018，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%

Bezopasnost' Truda v Promyshlennosti

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Acute Intoxications in Chemical Production Conditions and Preventive Measures

Analysis of Occupational and Industrial Safety at Razrez Kolyvansky JSC

Methodological Principles of Risk Management at Mining Enterprises under Uncertainty of the Environment

Assessment of Impact of Harmful Factors of Production Environment in a Foundry

Experimental Studies of the Formation and Combustion of Hydrogen-Air Mixtures during Liquid Hydrogen Spills and When Exposed to Water Screens in a Partially Confined Space

Acute Intoxications in Chemical Production Conditions and Preventive Measures

Analysis of Occupational and Industrial Safety at Razrez Kolyvansky JSC

Methodological Principles of Risk Management at Mining Enterprises under Uncertainty of the Environment

Assessment of Impact of Harmful Factors of Production Environment in a Foundry

Experimental Studies of the Formation and Combustion of Hydrogen-Air Mixtures during Liquid Hydrogen Spills and When Exposed to Water Screens in a Partially Confined Space