Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

TThis investigation was executed during the two seasons 2020 and 2021 to assess the Gum Arabic edible coating with at 10, 15% and propolis emulsions at 3, 6% to maintain fruits quality and extend storage period of Tommy Atkins mango fruits during storage at 8oC with 85-90% relative humidity for 0, 15, 30 and 45 days plus 7days ripe at 20oC. After that, the fruits were holding at 20°C for 7 days to ripe and then analysed. In general, the coated fruits achieved better results and had a positive impact on extending fruit storage time with highly fruit attributes comparing with the untreated fruits (control). Coated fruits with Gum Arabic at 15% or propolis at 6% showed the highest fruits firmness, TSS% and ascorbic acid content. Whereas, weight loss, respiration rate and titratable acidity were the least content compared with untreated fruits. Finally, propolis treatment with a concentration of 6% showed a remarkable superiority in achieving the most of these results and preserving the quality of Tommy Atkins mango fruit during storage periods.

Aml Reda Mahmoud Yousef

sameh Abbas Sarrawy

Hossam El-Attar

Dorria mohamed Ahmed

Nagah Ashour Elnoimani

Using Edible Emulsion Coatings to Improve Chemical Analysis and Prolonging Storage Period of Tommy Atkins Mango Fruits

利用可食用乳化涂层提高Tommy Atkins芒果果实的化学分析效果并延长储存期

In recent years, nanomaterials have drawn considerable interest in different areas of science, including plant tissue culture. A critical step for successful micropropagation is preventing or avoiding microbial contamination. This problem can be described as a bottleneck when using single node culture during the establishment stage of different woody plants. In this study, the influence of (40 and 80 mg/l) of both silver and zinc oxide (Ag and ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) during establishment and micropropagation stages of avocado "cv." Hass, Fuerte and Red were examined by incorporating AgNPs and ZnONPs into cultural media. Also, in vitro minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for both types was studied on various bacterial and fungal strains. The obtained results showed a significant difference between various types and concentrations of nanoparticles on microbial contamination. In relation to how nanoparticles avocado affect tissue culture, the experiments showed that, AgNPs were more effective in increasing all studied parameters compared with ZnONPs. Moreover, adding 40 mg/l of silver nanoparticles to either establishment or multiplication media resulted in the greatest number of shoots/explant, number of leaves/explant and shoot length/explant compared with 80 mg/l. Biometric parameters for shoot multiplication were affected positively by adding 40 mg/l AgNPs to woody plant multiplication medium (WPM). To our knowledge, there are no previous investigations utilizing both types of nanomaterials with avocado cultures in vitro. Our results suggested that, culture media supplemented with AgNPs reflected positively for reducing contamination and the enhancement of avocado micropropagation in vitro.

Joseph Elia Shenoda

Hala El-Sayed Emam

Hamdy M. Abdel-Rahman

Enas Ali Mohamed Ali

Eman Abdel Moniem Abdel Hamid

Aida Alfons Rezk Alla

Different Responses in Micro-propagation of Three Avocado Cultivars using Silver and Zinc Nanoparticles

三种鳄梨品种在银和锌纳米颗粒微繁殖中的不同反应

Biomass-derived carbon-based nanomaterials have demonstrated remarkable potentiality in a wide array of diverse applications including but not limited to energy storage and conversion, environmental remediation, and cutting-edge biomedical devices and technologies. These sustainable and renewable nanomaterials, derived from biomass resources, have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional properties, such as high surface area, unique porosity, superior electrical conductivity, and desirable mechanical strength. Additionally, they exhibit promising capability in addressing critical global challenges associated with energy and environment sectors. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the synthesis strategies employed for the production of biomass-derived carbon-based nanomaterials, elucidating the associated characteristics, and highlighting their applications in the aforementioned fields. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects for the utilization of these nanomaterials will be discussed, with emphasis on the need for a sustainable and greener future.

Basma Ashour

Shimaa M. Ali

Mohamed G. Farahat

Rabab M. El‑Sherif

Fabrication and Detection of Carbon-based Nanomaterials derived from Biomass Sources: Processes and Applications

生物质来源碳基纳米材料的制备与检测：工艺与应用

The rising need for sustainable wastewater treatment has prompted the exploration of microalgal-bacterial integrated systems. This study evaluates the treatment efficiency of a treatment system for municipal wastewater collected from Zenin Wastewater Treatment Plant, Giza, Egypt. Experiments were conducted at a range of hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 1.0 d to 2.4 d, to determine the maximum efficiency of the treatment system. The raw wastewater was characterized by total suspended solids (TSS) of 61 mg/L, turbidity of 24 NTU, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of 21 mgO₂/L, and a high bacterial load of total coliforms of 9.4×10⁶ MPN/100 mL and E. coli of 5.4×10⁴ MPN/100 mL. Results revealed remarkable pollutant reduction with maximum removal rates of 91.1% for TSS and 94.2% for turbidity at an HRT of 1.7 days. BOD was reduced to 3.2 mgO₂/L, achieving an 85% removal efficiency. Total and fecal coliforms showed reductions of 5.2 and 4 log units, respectively, while E. coli was completely removed, meeting Egyptian irrigation water standards. The synergistic interactions between microalgal and bacterial biofilms contributed significantly to pollutant removal, with algal species such as Chlorella vulgaris and Nitzschia linearis forming dominant biofilms on rotating surfaces, and underscore the potentiality of this system.

Samar A. El-Mekkawi

Sayeda M. Abdo

Marwa Youssef

Gamila H. Ali

Evaluating the Performance of a Microalgal-Bacterial Nexus for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

评估微藻-细菌共生体系在可持续废水处理中的性能

This study aims to identify and examine the compositions of stable emulsions of gasoline (RON 90), aqueous ethanol, and butanol at low temperatures to improve fuel stability in cold environments. The blending process involved combining gasoline and ethanol in different ratios, followed by the gradual addition of butanol to stabilize the emulsion without using synthetic surfactants. Emulsion stability was evaluated by varying the temperature from 29.0°C to -17.0°C and observing phase separation. The analysis centered on the volumetric composition and stability of the emulsions over time and across different temperatures. The compositions were documented and the changes in stability were analyzed to understand the effects of temperature and component ratios. The results indicated that at lower temperatures, the volume percentages of gasoline and ethanol in the emulsion decreased, while the percentage of butanol increased. At -17.0°C, the emulsion composition was 33.68% gasoline, 18.13% aqueous ethanol, and 48.19% butanol, highlighting butanol's key role in maintaining stability at low temperatures. These findings suggest that stable emulsions of gasoline, ethanol, and butanol can be achieved at low temperatures, potentially enhancing the performance and reliability of biofuel blends in cold climates. This could contribute to the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly fuel options for automotive and other combustion engines.

Hanny Frans Sangian

DETERMINATION OF THE COMPOSITIONS OF GASOLINE, AQUEOUS ETHANOL, AND BUTANOL, IN STABLE EMULSIONS AT LOW TEMPERATURES

低温稳定乳液中汽油、水合乙醇和丁醇组成的测定

This study focused examined the effects of Sonchus Oleraceus extract from leaves (SO-LE) on carbon tetra chloride induced hepatotoxicity amongst albino rats. The SO-LE exhibited a high content of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds accounting for 127.37± 0.56 mg GAE/g extract and 74.23 ± 0.55 mg QE/g extract, respectively. SO-LE exhibited strong DPPH scavenging activity with an inhibition ratio of 43.07%. For the in vivo assay, 24 adult albino rats were separated into four groups (each of six rats). First group served as the negative group, while the second group received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as the positive control. Third group received CCl4 with 100 mg kg-1 SO-LE, while the fourth group received CCl4 with 200 mg kg-1 SO-LE for eight weeks (CCl4 concentration was 1 mL kg-1). Rat lipid profiles, peroxidation, and indicators of liver and kidney function were evaluated. Treatment with 200 mg kg-1 SO-LE reduced creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels to 0.87, 38, and 3.8 mg dL-1, respectively. After eight weeks of treatment, levels of TC, TAG, and LDL were decreased to 129.7, 146.3, and 62.7 mg L-1, respectively. SO-LE reduced AST and ALT activity and decreased malondialdehyde levels, whereas CAT, GSH, and SOD levels increased in SO-LE-treated albino rats. The liver's histopathological analysis revealed that the SO-LE treatment decreased necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and fatty acid degradation. In conclusion, SO-LE protected albino rats against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, a protective effect that may have been enhanced by the antioxidant properties of SO-LE extract.

Nesrein Salim

Mohamed Abdel-Alim

Hepatoprotective Effect and Antioxidant Effects of Sonchus Oleraceus Leaves Extract Against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Induced hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

苣荬菜叶提取物对四氯化碳诱导的白色大鼠肝毒性的肝保护作用及抗氧化作用

Two unusual 2,3-naphthalides (1 & 2) characterized as 3-hydroxymethyl-2-naphthoic acid lactones, have been documented for the first time from natural sources, alongside three previously identified sesquiterpene lactones hirsutinolide-type (3-5) which were extracted from the chloroform partition of a methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina Dil. aerial parts. The structural elucidation was accomplished through 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis and comparing the results with the documented literature data. In the in-vitro anticancer study against MCF-7 cancer cell line, (1&2) exhibited weak cytotoxic properties, while the metabolites 3, 4, and 5 revealed pronounced inhibitory potency with IC50 values of 16.9, 18.8, and 17.6 μg/mL, respectively, which is comparable to the IC50 value of colchicine at 12.2 μg/mL. Hirsutinolides (3, 4, and 5) are documented for the first time from the plant of V. amygdalina. A tentative structure-activity relationship for hirsutinolides 3–5's anti-proliferative properties is examined. To predict the potential interactions between the hirsutinolides (3, 4, and 5) and the estrogen receptor (ER) as well as the progesterone receptor (PGR), the in-silico studies were assessed. Additionally, the Molinspiration tool is applied for the prediction of the bioactivity scores and the Drug-like properties.

mohamed aboelmagd

Abdelhalim Adel Elgahamy

Mohamed H AbdEl-Razek

Rare 2,3-Naphthalides and Anti-Proliferative Hirsutinolides from Vernonia amygdalina as Dual Inhibitors of Progesterone and Estrogen Receptors: Integrated In-vitro and In-silico Approaches

来自Vernonia amygdalina的稀有2,3-萘内酯和抗增殖的Hirsutinolides作为孕酮和雌激素受体的双重抑制剂：综合体外和体内方法

Nanotechnology has been a promising technology over the years. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the principal technologies that are developed in the nanotechnology sector. This study investigated the implementation of CNTs as additives in automotive lubricants, focusing on their impact on performance metrics. The dispersion of CNTs in lubricants is influenced by several factors, the most critical of which is the dispersion stability. Key findings include improved dispersion stability of CNTs in lubricants through adding surfactants like oleic acid, which effectively managed the aggregation issues. The CNT-enhanced lubricants exhibited superior tribological, thermophysical and rheological properties compared to the bare sample of the lubricant. Notably, the pour point was reduced from -30.5°C for the bare sample to -32°C for the treated sample, indicating enhanced low-temperature performance. Moreover, a zero cloud point value was detected too. For the viscosity test, a value around 78 mPas was obtained indicating reduction in wear and friction. Additionally, the four ball test with smoother curve showcased a better lubrication performance after applying CNTs. The noticeable improvements in the lubricant for automotive use suggested that dispersing CNT in lubricant can significantly increase the internal combustion engine efficiency. While challenges in achieving stable CNT dispersion remain, due to the easy agglomeration of nanoparticles creating non-dispersible aggregate complexes. However, the addition of surfactants presents a promising solution. Overall, CNTs demonstrated substantial potential as lubricant additive for automotive applications, exhibiting measurable enhancements in the critical performance metrics that could yield additional advantages in fuel economy and engine performance.

Dalal Khaled Alnajjar

Nessren Mohamed Farrag

Sherif Elsoudy

Carbon Nanotube-Enhanced Nanolubricants: Stability and Performance Improvements for Automotive Use

碳纳米管增强纳米润滑剂：汽车应用的稳定性与性能提升

This research was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of some plant enzymes on chemical composition, proteolysis and lipolysis in soft cheese (Tallaga). On the other hand enable of the possibility of applying these enzymes in cheese making. This study explained that purified plant aqueous extracts of coagulants obtained from cardoon flowers extract (CFE) or Moringa seeds extract (MSE) were used in soft cheese (Tallaga) making, compared to calf rennet (C.R.) as control cheese. Organoleptic, proteolysis and Physico-Chemical proteolysis of soft cheese (Tallaga) were estimated at up to 28 days. Cheese made with cardoon flowers aqueous extract showed lower levels in moisture content and total nitrogen percent compared to MSE and control cheese respectively. Also, casein breakdown, Syneresis, acidity (as lactic acid percentage), Tyrosine and Tryptophan contents in cheese manufactured with CFE was significantly increased than that made with MSE and control cheese respectively. While total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and organoleptic properties were more pronounced in control cheese, followed by cheese made with CFE and MSE. According to these results, it is concluded that purified cardoon flowers and Moringa seeds extracts are suitable milk clotting for cheesemaking.

Esraa Ayman El- Hady

El Sayed Abd El Wahed

Ali A. Abd El-Galeel

THE EFFECT OF SOME PLANT ENZYMES ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, PROTEOLYSIS AND LIPOLYSIS IN SOFT CHEESE

某些植物酶对软质奶酪化学成分、蛋白水解和脂解作用的影响

This study presents the synthesis, characterization, and diverse applications of novel Schiff base (L) metal complexes derived from quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. A series of complexes with various transition metals, including Cu(II) and Fe(III), were successfully synthesized and thoroughly characterized using analytical techniques. These techniques included elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, NMR, UV-Vis), and thermal analysis, providing comprehensive insights into their structural and physicochemical properties. The research employed advanced computational techniques, such as density functional theory (DFT) calculations, to further elucidate these complexes' electronic structures and properties. Molecular docking studies were conducted to explore potential interactions with biological targets, offering valuable insights into their possible mechanisms of action in biological systems. A significant focus of the study was the investigation of these complexes' antimicrobial properties against a range of bacterial and fungal strains, revealing promising activities that suggest potential applications in medicinal chemistry. The morphological and textural characteristics of selected complexes, particularly those of Cu (II) and Fe(III), were extensively examined using advanced microscopy techniques and surface area analysis, uncovering their nanoscale features and high surface areas. The research further explored the environmental applications of these nanocomplexes, demonstrating their efficacy in two key areas: the electrochemical detection of arsenic and the adsorptive removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. Detailed studies on the adsorption behavior, including pH and contact time effects, were conducted to optimize their performance in water treatment applications. Additionally, the reusability of these materials was assessed, providing important insights into their potential for practical, long-term use in environmental remediation processes. This comprehensive study contributes significantly to the growing field of multifunctional metal complexes, highlighting their versatility and potential in addressing various environmental, analytical, and biological challenges. The findings open new avenues for developing advanced materials with applications ranging from water purification to antimicrobial agents and chemical sensors.

Mahmoud N Anwar

mahmoud Khodari

Khaled Ebnalwaled

Walaa H Mahmoud

Gehad G Mohamed

Novel heterocyclic Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes: Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking and DFT

新型杂环希夫碱配体及其金属配合物：合成、表征、分子对接与密度泛函理论

Abbreviation	Egypt. J. Chem.
Journal Impact	1.20
Quartiles(Global)	CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY(Q3)

ISSN	0449-2285, 2357-0245
h-index	29

Publication Information	Publisher: NIDOC (Nat.Inform.Document.Centre)，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2004，Proportion of original research papers: 97.33%，Self Citation Rate:18.20%， Gold OA Rate: 0.20%

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

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