JAAHA 的目的是发布有关小动物医学和外科实践的相关、原创、及时的科学和技术信息。

The Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association (JAAHA) aims to publish relevant, original, and timely scientific and technical information related to small animal medicine and surgical practice.

JAAHA 旨在发布与小动物医学和外科实践相关的原创、及时的科学和技术信息。

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association

Risk for complications and even death is inherent to anesthesia. However, the use of guidelines, checklists, and training can decrease the risk of anesthesia-related adverse events. These tools should be used not only during the time the patient is unconscious but also before and after this phase. The framework for safe anesthesia delivered as a continuum of care from home to hospital and back to home is presented in these guidelines. The critical importance of client communication and staff training have been highlighted. The role of perioperative analgesia, anxiolytics, and proper handling of fractious/fearful/aggressive patients as components of anesthetic safety are stressed. Anesthesia equipment selection and care is detailed. The objective of these guidelines is to make the anesthesia period as safe as possible for dogs and cats while providing a practical framework for delivering anesthesia care. To meet this goal, tables, algorithms, figures, and "tip" boxes with critical information are included in the manuscript and an in-depth online resource center is available at aaha.org/anesthesia.

Tamara Grubb

Jennifer Sager

James S. Gaynor

Elizabeth Montgomery

Judith A. Parker

Heidi Shafford

Caitlin Tearney

2020 AAHA Anesthesia and Monitoring Guidelines for Dogs and Cats*

Echogenic luminal contents are often noted during ultrasonographic examination of the gallbladder (GB) in canine patients, but the significance of biliary sludge is not well understood. GB contents were evaluated during 200 sequential ultrasonographic scans performed at a veterinary school, and sludge was quantified using a 1–5 scale. GB volume was retrospectively estimated from stored images. Medical records were used to determine patient demographics, clinicopathologic findings, and diagnoses/disorders. The majority of dogs (66.5%) had some hyperechoic material within the GB. Four dogs were diagnosed with a mucocele. For statistical purposes, dogs with uniformly nonechogenic bile or minimal sludge (80.5%) were compared to those with &gt;25% sludge (17.5%). Dogs with &gt;25% sludge were significantly older than those with minimal sludge (8 versus 11 yr). Serum cholesterol and bilirubin concentrations and activities of both alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were not correlated with the presence of GB sludge. Dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism or hypothyroidism were more likely to have &gt;25% sludge (odds ratio: 5.04). In addition, &gt;25% sludge was associated with increased GB volume, suggesting that changes in GB function or contractility may impact the formation of biliary sludge in dogs.

Audrey K. Cook

Anisha V. Jambhekar

Allison M. Dylewski

Gallbladder Sludge in Dogs: Ultrasonographic and Clinical Findings in 200 Patients

胆囊泥沙在犬中的表现：200例患者的超声和临床发现

Fluids are drugs used in veterinary patients capable of producing beneficial therapeutic or inadvertent harmful effects within the body’s intravascular, interstitial, and intracellular fluid spaces. The individualized design of a fluid therapy plan requires careful patient assessment and targeted selection of proper fluid types, administration routes, and rates, along with adjustments during therapy tailored specifically as per the individual patient’s fluid requirement and therapeutic response. Personalized fluid prescriptions and vigilant patient monitoring help avoid patient morbidity from body fluid deficiencies, fluid excess, and electrolyte derangements and support better patient outcomes. These guidelines provide an overview of fluid dynamics within the fluid spaces of the body, describe various types of fluids and their uses, and outline recommendations for fluid administration for resuscitation, rehydration, and maintenance purposes. The guidelines also outline approaches to fluid therapy for anesthetized patients and reiterate the recommendations of reduced fluid rates in this population of patients. Additionally, the guidelines include practical fluid therapy strategies for patients with various common disorders. The goal of these guidelines is to help veterinary professionals safely and effectively prescribe and administer fluid therapy for canine and feline patients.

Mariana Pardo

Erin Spencer

Adesola Odunayo

Mary L. Ramirez

Elke Rudloff

Ann Weil

Ewan Wolff

2024 AAHA Fluid Therapy Guidelines for Dogs and Cats

2024年AAHA犬猫液体治疗指南

These guidelines present a systematic approach to diagnosis, treatment, and management of allergic skin diseases in dogs and cats. The guidelines describe detailed diagnosis and treatment plans for flea allergy, food allergy, and atopy in dogs and for flea allergy, food allergy, and feline atopic skin syndrome in cats. Management of the allergic patient entails a multimodal approach with frequent and ongoing communication with the client. Obtaining a comprehensive history is crucial for diagnosis and treatment of allergic skin diseases, and the guidelines describe key questions to ask when presented with allergic canine and feline patients. Once a detailed history is obtained, a physical examination should be performed, a minimum dermatologic database collected, and treatment for secondary infection, ectoparasites, and pruritus (where indicated) initiated. The process of diagnosing and managing allergic skin disease can be prolonged and frustrating for clients. The guidelines offer recommendations and tips for client communication and when referral to a dermatologist should be considered, to improve client satisfaction and optimize patient outcomes.

Julia Miller

Andrew Simpson

Paul Bloom

Alison Diesel

Amanda Friedeck

Tara Paterson

Michelle Wisecup

Chih-Ming Yu

2023 AAHA Management of Allergic Skin Diseases in Dogs and Cats Guidelines

2023 AAHA犬猫过敏性皮肤病管理指南

Canine and feline endocrinopathies reflect an endocrine gland disease or dysfunction with resulting hormonal abnormali ties that can variably affect the patient’s wellbeing, quality of life, and life expectancy. These guidelines provide consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of four canine and feline endocrinopathies commonly encountered in clini cal practice: canine hypothyroidism, canine hypercortisolism (Cushing’s syndrome), canine hypoadrenocorticism (Addi son’s disease), and feline hyperthyroidism. To aid the general practitioner in navigating these common diseases, a stepwise diagnosis and treatment algorithm and relevant background information is provided for managing each of these diseases. The guidelines also describe, in lesser detail, the diagnosis and treatment of three relatively less common endo crinopathies of cats: feline hyperaldosteronism, feline hypothyroidism, and feline hyperadrenocorticism. Additionally, the guidelines present tips on effective veterinary team utilization and client communication when discussing endocrine cases.

Andrew Bugbee

Renee Rucinsky

Sarah Cazabon

Heather Kvitko-White

Patty Lathan

Amy Nichelason

Liza Rudolph

2023 AAHA Selected Endocrinopathies of Dogs and Cats Guidelines

2023 AAHA 犬猫内分泌疾病精选指南

ABSTRACT Training and maintaining a service dog requires extensive time and financial resources. The emotional bond between service dogs and their handlers poses unique challenges when dogs develop behavioral issues. We present a case of an otherwise healthy adult service dog exhibiting acute environmental fears, hindering her job performance. The dog’s fear responses escalated in various settings, including school and home environments. Diagnostic evaluation ruled out medical pathology, leading to a diagnosis of nonsocial environmental fear and generalized anxiety. A multimodal treatment approach involving environmental management, antidepressant medication (fluoxetine), and behavior modification was implemented. Desensitization and counterconditioning protocols targeted specific triggers, such as shiny floors and elevators. Eight weeks after treatment initiation, the dog showed improvement, enabling a modified behavior treatment plan to be implemented as she gradually returned to work with reduced fear responses. Follow-up revealed sustained progress with additional dosage adjustment of fluoxetine.

Michael Zafar Khan

Sara Lynn Bennett

Treatment of Nonsocial Environmental Fear in a Service Dog Using Fluoxetine and Behavior Modification

使用氟西汀和行为矫正治疗服务犬非社交环境恐惧症

ABSTRACT An approximately 3 yr old female Chihuahua was presented for evaluation of polyuria and polydipsia noted by the owner after adoption. Serum biochemistry and urinalysis revealed hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypo-osmolality, and normal fractional excretion of sodium. Serum antidiuretic hormone concentration was 5.54 pg/mL and serum copeptin concentration was 135.40 pg/mL. The antidiuretic hormone value was above the reported range for healthy dogs and was considered inappropriate in light of serum osmolality. Idiopathic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion was considered the most likely diagnosis after excluding other potential causes, such as diuretic use, renal disease, adrenal disease, and thyroid dysfunction. The dog remains clinically well 2 yr after diagnosis without specific treatment other than minimal dietary salt supplementation. This case is unique because of the absence of systemic or neurologic signs, good long-term outcome without treatment, and use of novel diagnostic testing.

Darcy B. Adin

Ilana Levinzon

Autumn N. Harris

Long-term Outcome of a Chihuahua With Idiopathic Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion

长期结果：一例患有特发性抗利尿激素分泌异常综合征的吉娃娃犬

ABSTRACT Pancarpal arthrodesis was performed in 21 dogs, using orthogonal (cranial/dorsal and medial) plates without postoperative rigid external coaptation. Short-term and long-term outcomes, arthrodesis progression, and complications were assessed using a retrospective review of case records and radiographs. Three of 21 (14.2%) dogs required a revision surgery: 2 had total implant explantation and 1 had a screw removed. Other complications were managed successfully medically. One of 21 (4.8%) dogs had confirmed deep surgical site infection requiring implant removal, and 4 of 21 (19%) had suspected (not confirmed on microbiology) superficial surgical site infections that resolved with medical management. Long-term outcomes were assessed via owner questionnaire (Canine Brief Pain Inventory) and were available for nine dogs at a mean of 26.78 mo after surgery. The mean score for the first part (assessment of pain) was 7.83/40, which is classified as no pain to mild pain. The mean score for the second part (assessment of function) was 12.67/60, which is classified as very good. The last part (overall impression) was defined as excellent in four dogs (44.44%), very good in one dog (11.11%), and good in the other four dogs (44.44%). This retrospective study documents a suitable technique for pancarpal arthrodesis in dogs with carpal injuries.

Alba Rial García

Charlie Brincin

Andrew Craig

Outcome, Complications, and Follow-Up in Dogs Treated with Pancarpal Arthrodesis Stabilized with Orthogonal Plates

犬胰关节融合术中使用正交钢板治疗的结果、并发症及随访

ABSTRACT Collecting clean-caught voided urine samples is minimally invasive, but contamination occurs when urine passes through the nonsterile urethra and external genitalia. Discarding the initial urine stream may reduce these contaminants. This study hypothesized that using a midstream urine collection device would decrease bacterial and cellular contamination as compared with cleanly caught voided urine. This descriptive cross-sectional study collected urine from dogs using standard clean-caught (SCC), midstream collection device (MCD), and cystocentesis (CYS) techniques. Urinalysis and aerobic urine culture characteristics were recorded with each characteristic’s prevalence described using percentages and 95% confidence intervals for each mode of collection. Positive urine culture prevalence did not differ between SCC and MCD (adjusted P value = .099); however, CYS had a lower prevalence compared with SCC and MCD (adjusted P values of &amp;lt;.001 [CYS versus SCC] and 0.009 [CYS versus MCD]). For other variables, there was no difference in prevalence when comparing SCC with MCD. There was no identified advantage to collecting urine using an MCD as compared with the SCC technique. Either option is a suitable alternative when CYS is not practical; however, clinicians need to interpret results cautiously because bacterial contamination is more common as compared with CYS.

Meghan Hoel

Faye A. Hartmann

Michael R. Lasarev

Michael W. Wood

Urine Contamination Prevalence Using a Midstream Collection Device Compared with Clean Voided Collections in Dogs

使用中段收集装置与清洁排尿收集在犬中尿液污染发生率的比较

ABSTRACT Most urinary bladder (UB) tumors are malignant, and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common neoplasm affecting the UB in dogs. Sorafenib may be a potential therapeutic agent for canine TCC. A 12 yr old spayed female Maltese dog weighing 3.6 kg and with a history of hematuria was referred for a suspected UB tumor. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a UB mass attached to the cranioventral wall. The remaining abdominal examinations, including that of the lymph nodes, were unremarkable. Ultrasound-guided traumatic catheterization of the UB mass was performed, and the cytological evaluation of the UB mass indicated TCC. Excision was performed by partial cystectomy, and histopathology confirmed TCC, although the tumor had infiltrated the surgical margins. A chemosensitivity assay was conducted using tissue from the excised tumor. Sorafenib tosylate, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, showed the greatest effect in the chemosensitivity assay. Therefore, adjuvant chemotherapy with sorafenib tosylate and piroxicam was administered postoperatively. The dog lived without any clinical signs, including hematuria or tumor relapse, for more than 2 yr after the surgery. This is the first report of successful long-term management of TCC with sorafenib tosylate in a dog.

Dongheon Shin

Chaerin Kim

Yeon Chae

Taesik Yun

Byeong-Teck Kang

Kyung-Mee Park

Hakhyun Kim

Successful Management of Incompletely Resected Transitional Cell Carcinoma with Sorafenib Tosylate in a Dog

成功使用索拉非尼甲苯磺酸盐管理不完全切除的犬移行细胞癌

Abbreviation	J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc.
Journal Impact	1.53
Quartiles(Global)	VETERINARY SCIENCES(Q2)

ISSN	0587-2871, 1547-3317
h-index	79

Publication Information	Publisher: American Animal Hospital Association，Publishing cycle: Bimonthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1973，Proportion of original research papers: 97.73%，Self Citation Rate:6.70%， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：较慢,18-36周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association

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