BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 是一本开放获取、同行评审的期刊，涵盖实验生物学的不同领域，如生物化学、生物信息学、生物技术、细胞生物学、癌症、化学生物学、发育生物学、进化生物学、遗传学、基因组学、免疫学、海洋生物学、微生物学、分子生物学、神经科学、植物生物学、生理学、干细胞研究、结构生物学和系统生物学。

BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that covers various fields of experimental biology, including biochemistry, bioinformatics, biotechnology, cell biology, cancer research, chemical biology, developmental biology, evolutionary biology, genetics, genomics, immunology, marine biology, microbiology, molecular biology, neuroscience, plant biology, physiology, stem cell research, structural biology, and systems biology.

BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 是一本开放获取、同行评审的期刊，涵盖实验生物学的多个领域，包括生物化学、生物信息学、生物技术、细胞生物学、癌症研究、化学生物学、发育生物学、进化生物学、遗传学、基因组学、免疫学、海洋生物学、微生物学、分子生物学、神经科学、植物生物学、生理学、干细胞研究、结构生物学和系统生物学。

Biological Research

Increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and associated climatic variability is primarily responsible for inducing heat waves, flooding and drought stress. Among these, water scarcity is a major limitation to crop productivity. Water stress can severely reduce crop yield and both the severity and duration of the stress are critical. Water availability is a key driver for sustainable cotton production and its limitations can adversely affect physiological and biochemical processes of plants, leading towards lint yield reduction. Adaptation of crop husbandry techniques suitable for cotton crop requires a sound understanding of environmental factors, influencing cotton lint yield and fiber quality. Various defense mechanisms e.g. maintenance of membrane stability, carbon fixation rate, hormone regulation, generation of antioxidants and induction of stress proteins have been found play a vital role in plant survival under moisture stress. Plant molecular breeding plays a functional role to ascertain superior genes for important traits and can offer breeder ready markers for developing ideotypes. This review highlights drought-induced damage to cotton plants at structural, physiological and molecular levels. It also discusses the opportunities for increasing drought tolerance in cotton either through modern gene editing technology like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas9), zinc finger nuclease, molecular breeding as well as through crop management, such as use of appropriate fertilization, growth regulator application and soil amendments.

Aziz Khan

Xudong Pan

Ullah Najeeb

Daniel Kean Yuen Tan

Shah Fahad

Rizwan Zahoor

Honghai Luo

Biol Res

Coping with drought: stress and adaptive mechanisms, and management through cultural and molecular alternatives in cotton as vital constituents for plant stress resilience and fitness

应对干旱：压力与适应机制，以及通过文化和分子途径管理棉花作为植物抗逆性和适应性的关键组成部分

Abstract Background Assam's aromatic Joha rice is a unique rice class famous for its aroma, taste, and nutritional benefits, which fetch high market prices in domestic and international markets. Joha landraces are inherently poor yielders due to their strong aroma and predominantly photoperiod sensitivity. Hybridization involving non-aromatic HYVs improves yield with concomitant loss of quality. In this context, mutation breeding, a sustainable approach where genetic mutations are induced to create desirable traits, often provides useful allelic variation in specific morpho-agronomic traits. The present study delves into the genetic characterization of a photoperiod-insensitive mutant. As part of our mutation breeding programme, this mutant was isolated from a gamma ray-induced M 2 population of a Joha rice landrace, Kon Joha . Results The mutant was unique, and a single recessive gene conditions the induced photoperiod insensitivity. Mutant gene tagging involved 402 SSR and InDel markers, and later polymorphic markers were used for bulk segregant analysis (BSA) in the F2 population of ‘mutant × Kalijeera (distant parent)’. BSA revealed an association between the SSR marker RM527 and this mutant trait. This marker is present on chromosome 6 of the rice genome. Using chromosome 6-specific SSR markers in polymorphic screening and BSA revealed another associated marker, RM19725, for the mutant trait. The genomic interval between RM527 and RM19725 harbors a photoperiod-insensitive gene, Hd1, on chromosome 6. Cloning and sequencing of Hd1 genomic fragments from the parents and mutants revealed a single-base deletion in exon 2, leading to a frameshift mutation in the Hd1 protein. This mutation in exon 2 leads to severe structural abnormalities in the CCT domain of the Hd1 protein that is critical for the interaction of the repressing complex with conserved response elements in the florigen gene under long-day conditions, thereby causing photoperiod insensitivity. Conclusions The mutant's pleasant aroma and other quality characteristics, comparable to those of the parent cultivar, hold significant promise. They expand its potential use in a structured breeding programme aimed at developing high-value aromatic Joha rice. This rice, resilient to winter- and summer-growing environments and with broad seasonal adaptability, could revolutionize the rice market. The practical value of our research is underscored by this exciting possibility.

Bodeddula Jayasankar Reddy

Shreekant M. Baradkar

Tamma V. S. S. Manogna

Dibosh Bordoloi

Subhash C. Bihani

Nagendra Sarma Barua

Akhil Ranjan Baruah

Bikram Kishore Das

Suvendu Mondal

Debojit Sarma

A single-base deletion in exon 2 of Hd1 delineates monogenic recessive photoperiod insensitivity in aromatic Joha rice: a novel allele for seasonal adaptability

Hd1外显子2中单碱基缺失揭示芳香型Joha稻光周期不敏感的单基因隐性遗传：季节适应性的新等位基因

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a widely cultivated cereal and has been used as an optimum heavy metal phytoremediation crop. Metallothionein (MT) proteins are small, cysteine-rich, proteins that play important roles in plant growth and development, and the regulation of stress response to heavy metals. However, the MT genes for maize have not been fully analyzed so far.The putative ZmMT genes were identified by HMMER.The heat map of ZmMT genes spatial expression analysis was generated by using R with the log2 (FPKM + 1).The expression profiles of ZmMT genes under three kinds of heavy metal stresses were quantified by using qRT-PCR. The metallothionein proteins was aligned using MAFFT and phylogenetic analysis were constructed by ClustalX 2.1. The protein theoretical molecular weight and pI, subcellular localization, TFs binding sites, were predicted using ProtParam, PSORT, PlantTFDB, respectively.A total of 9 ZmMT genes were identified in the whole genome of maize. The results showed that eight of the nine ZmMT proteins contained one highly conserved metallothio_2 domain, while ZmMT4 contained a Metallothio_PEC domain. All the ZmMT proteins could be classified into three major groups and located on five chromosomes. The ZmMT promoters contain a large number of hormone regulatory elements and hormone-related transcription factor binding sites. The ZmMT genes exhibited spatiotemporal specific expression patterns in 23 tissues of maize development stages and showed the different expression patterns in response to Cu, Cd, and Pb heavy metal stresses.We identified the 9 ZmMT genes, and explored their conserved motif, tissue expression patterns, evolutionary relationship. The expression profiles of ZmMT genes under three kinds of heavy metal stresses (Cu, Cd, Pb) were analyzed. In summary, the expression of ZmMTs have poteintial to be regulated by hormones. The specific expression of ZmMTs in different tissues of maize and the response to different heavy metal stresses are revealed that the role of MT in plant growth and development, and stress resistance to heavy metals.

Canhong Gao

Kun Gao

Huixian Yang

Tangdan Ju

Jingyi Zhu

Zailin Tang

Liangxia Zhao

Qingquan Chen

Genome-wide analysis of metallothionein gene family in maize to reveal its role in development and stress resistance to heavy metal

Abstract Background Infertility is a growing global health concern affecting millions of couples worldwide. Among several factors, an extreme body weight adversely affects reproductive functions. Leptin is a well-known adipokine that serves as an endocrine signal between adiposity and fertility. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the effects of high leptin level on female reproduction remain unclear. Methods Transgenic pigs overexpressing leptin (♀) were produced by backcrossing and screened for leptin overexpression. The growth curve, fat deposition, reproductive performance, apoptosis, serum hormones and cholesterol production, RNA sequencing, and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of the leptin-overexpressing pigs and wild-type group were evaluated. Results Transgenic pigs overexpressing leptin (♀) were obtained, which exhibited significantly reduced body weight, body size, and back fat thickness. These pigs manifested a late onset of puberty (330 ± 54.3 vs. 155 ± 14.7 days), irregular estrous behavior characterized by increased inter-estrous interval (29.2 ± 0 vs. 21.3 ± 0.7 days), and more number of matings until pregnancy (at least 3 times). This reproductive impairment in leptin pigs was related to hormonal imbalances characterized by increased levels of FSH, LH, prolactin, E2, P4, and TSH, altered steroidogenesis such as increased levels of serum cholesterol esters along with steroidogenic markers (StAR, CYP19A), and ovarian dysfunctions manifested by neutrophilic infiltration and low expression of caspase-3 positive cells in the ovaries. Moreover, bulk RNA sequencing of the ovaries also revealed neutrophilic infiltration followed by upregulation of inflammation-related genes. Furthermore, snRNA-seq reflected that leptin overexpression triggered immune response, suppressed follicle development and luteinization, resulting in metabolic dysfunction and hormone imbalance in the ovary. Conclusions Low body weight in leptin overexpressing pigs adversely affects the reproductive performance, causing delayed puberty, irregular estrous cycles, and reduced breeding efficiency. This is linked to metabolic imbalances, an increased immune response, and altered ovarian functions. This study provides a theoretical basis for the complex mechanisms underlying leptin, and infertility by employing leptin-overexpressing female pigs.

Muhammad Ameen Jamal

Yixiao Cheng

Deling Jiao

Wen Cheng

Di Zou

Xia Wang

Taiyun Wei

Jianxiong Guo

Kaixiang Xu

Heng Zhao

Shaoxia Pu

Chang Yang

Yubo Qing

Baoyu Jia

Honghui Li

Rusong Zhao

Hong-Ye Zhao

Hong-Jiang Wei

Unraveling the impact of hyperleptinemia on female reproduction: insights from transgenic pig model

揭示高瘦素血症对雌性生殖的影响：转基因猪模型的启示

Abstract Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR), and the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Aim of this work was to investigate the mechanism of PPARα in DR. Methods Human retinal capillary pericytes (HRCPs) were treated with high glucose (HG) to induce DR cell model. DR mouse model was established by streptozotocin injection, and then received 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine (DAC; DNA methyltransferase inhibitor) treatment. Hematoxylin–eosin staining was performed to assess retinal tissue damage. PPARα methylation was examined by Methylation-Specific PCR. Flow cytometry and DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to estimate apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The interaction between DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) and PPARα promoter was examined by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were performed to assess gene and protein expression. Results HG treatment enhanced the methylation levels of PPARα, and repressed PPARα expression in HRCPs. The levels of apoptotic cells and ROS were significantly increased in HRCPs in the presence of HG. Moreover, DNMT1 was highly expressed in HG-treated HRCPs, and DNMT1 interacted with PPARα promoter. PPARα overexpression suppressed apoptosis and ROS levels of HRCPs, which was rescued by DNMT1 up-regulation. In DR mice, DAC treatment inhibited PPARα methylation and reduced damage of retinal tissues. Conclusion DNMT1-mediated PPARα methylation promotes apoptosis and ROS levels of HRCPs and aggravates damage of retinal tissues in DR mice. Thus, this study may highlight novel insights into DR pathogenesis.

Ying Zhu

Xinru Wang

Xiaoyun Zhou

Lexi Ding

Dan Liu

Huizhuo Xu

DNMT1-mediated PPARα methylation aggravates damage of retinal tissues in diabetic retinopathy mice

DNMT1介导的PPARα甲基化加重糖尿病视网膜病变小鼠视网膜组织损伤

Abstract The human neocortex has a huge surface area with unique cytoarchitectonics, most of which is concealed in sulci. Some cytoarchitectonic fields are associated with macroscopic landmarks. In particular, the primary visual field 17 is associated with the calcarine sulcus. During the prenatal development of the human brain, neocortical gyri and sulci undergo changes and modifications after primary formation. To explore the morphogenetic processes in visual fields during the formation of the primary (provisional) and secondary (permanent) sulci, the occipital lobe of the human fetal brain was studied using immunohistochemical methods. The distribution of various glial and neuronal markers (S-100, β-III-tubulin, NeuN, reelin) in the calcarine sulcus and parietooccipital sulcus was compared. The heterogeneity in the formation of primary and secondary visual fields was demonstrated. The study revealed that the development of the primary visual field 17, linked with the calcarine sulcus, preceded the development of a shared anlage of fields 18 and 19 linked with the parietooccipital sulcus. The functional differentiation of the primary visual field begins during the period of thalamic afferent ingrowth. This process coincides with the temporal smoothing of the calcarine sulcus, indicating a simultaneous progression of functional specialization and structural modifications. At the late fetal period, cortical plate of gyri and sulci banks showed higher NeuN-labeling than inside the sulcus in the same cytoarchitectonic field.

Olga Godovalova

Alexandra Proshchina

Anastasia Kharlamova

Valeriy Barabanov

Yuliya Krivova

Olga Junemann

Marina Shahina

Sergey Saveliev

Heterogeneity in the formation of primary and secondary visual fields during human prenatal development

人类胎儿发育过程中初级和次级视觉场形成的异质性

Abstract Background The Western honey bee, Apis mellifera , is an economically important pollinator, as well as a tractable species for studying the behavioral intricacies of eusociality. Honey bees are currently being challenged by multiple biotic and environmental stressors, many of which act concomitantly to affect colony health and productivity. For instance, developmental stress can lead workers to become precocious foragers and to leave the hive prematurely. Precocious foragers have decreased flight time and lower foraging efficiency, which can ultimately lower colony productivity and even lead to colony collapse. Materials and methods In this study, we tested the hypothesis that stress during pupal development can cause young workers to exit the hive prematurely before they are physically able to fly. This premature exiting behavior results in death outside the hive soon thereafter. To determine how various stressors may lead bees to perform this behavior, we subjected workers during the last pupal stage to either cold stress (26 °C for 24 h), heat stress (39 °C for 24 h), or Varroa destructor mite parasitization, and compared the rate of premature hive exits between stressed bees and their respective control counterparts. Upon emergence, we individually tagged focal bees in all treatment groups and introduced them to a common observation hive. We then followed tagged bees over time and monitored their survivorship, as well as their likelihood of performing the premature hive exiting behavior. We also dissected the hypopharyngeal glands of all treatment and control bees sampled. Results We found that significantly more bees in all three treatment groups exited the hive prematurely compared to their control counterparts. Bees in all treatment groups also had significantly smaller hypopharyngeal glands than control bees. Conclusions Our results suggest that premature hive exiting behavior is driven by stress and is potentially a form of accelerated age polyethism that leads to premature death.

Jordan Twombly Ellis

Juliana Rangel

Stress drives premature hive exiting behavior that leads to death in young honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers

压力驱动年轻工蜂过早离巢行为导致死亡

The activity of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a specific deposit of adipose tissue surrounding blood vessels, could contribute to sex differences in vascular tone control, particularly in dyslipidemic disorders; however, the mutual associations remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships among sex, PVAT and vascular function in Wistar and hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) rats. Vasoactive responses of the isolated thoracic aorta with preserved or removed PVAT were compared in adult male and female Wistar and HTG rats, and the roles of nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H

Sona Cacanyiova

Andrea Berenyiova

Hana Malinska

Martina Huttl

Irena Markova

Basak G. Aydemir

Veronika Garaiova

Martina Cebova

Female prediabetic rats are protected from vascular dysfunction: the role of nitroso and sulfide signaling

雌性糖尿病前期大鼠受到血管功能障碍的保护：一氧化氮和硫化物信号的作用

Abstract Background The establishment of apicobasal polarity in epithelial cells is of critical importance in morphogenesis of mammary gland and other secretive gland tissues. The demise of the polarity is a critical step in early stages of tumorigenesis such as in breast ductal carcinoma in situ. The underlying molecular mechanism thus warrants in-depth investigations. Results Protein kinase C isoform ζ (PKCζ), which is highly expressed in breast cancer cells, accumulates in the nuclei of human mammary epithelial cells overexpressing human rhomboid family-1 (RHBDF1), an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein. Nuclear translocation of PKCζ results in the failure of the formation of the cytosolic apicobasal polarity complex Par, of which PKCζ is an essential component. Additionally, enhanced nuclear translocation of PKCζ is accompanied by an inhibition of the expression of cell tight junction and adherens junction proteins and an increase of cell mobility. Mechanistically, RHBDF1 is able to interact with importin β1 and PKCζ and promote PKCζ phosphorylation. Consistently, treatment of RHBDF1-overexpressing cells with an inhibitor of PKCζ phosphorylation leads to restoration of apicobasal polarity and cell-cell junctions, as well as suppressed cell mobility. Conclusions RHBDF1-facilitated nuclear translocation of PKCζ is critically responsible for the dismantlement of epithelial cell apicobasal polarity, and thus may serve as a target in the development of therapeutic approaches against early stages of breast cancer.

Huan-Yu Zhao

Yi-Pan Zhu

Ying Wen

Jing Sun

Xin-Yu Ding

Xin-Yu Cao

Kai-Liang Wu

Li Fu

Lu-Yuan Li

Perturbation of mammary epithelial cell apicobasal polarity by RHBDF1-facilitated nuclear translocation of PKCζ

RHBDF1促进PKCζ核转位对乳腺上皮细胞顶底极性的扰动

Abbreviation	Biol Res
Journal Impact	4.41
Quartiles(Global)	BIOLOGY(Q1)

ISSN	0716-9760, 0717-6287
h-index	69

Publication Information	Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd，Publishing cycle: Quarterly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 1992，Proportion of original research papers: 86.49%，Self Citation Rate:2.30%， Gold OA Rate: 99.30%
Journal Fees	$2790Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：>12周，或约稿
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Biological Research

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Coping with drought: stress and adaptive mechanisms, and management through cultural and molecular alternatives in cotton as vital constituents for plant stress resilience and fitness

A single-base deletion in exon 2 of Hd1 delineates monogenic recessive photoperiod insensitivity in aromatic Joha rice: a novel allele for seasonal adaptability

Genome-wide analysis of metallothionein gene family in maize to reveal its role in development and stress resistance to heavy metal

Unraveling the impact of hyperleptinemia on female reproduction: insights from transgenic pig model

DNMT1-mediated PPARα methylation aggravates damage of retinal tissues in diabetic retinopathy mice

A single-base deletion in exon 2 of Hd1 delineates monogenic recessive photoperiod insensitivity in aromatic Joha rice: a novel allele for seasonal adaptability

Heterogeneity in the formation of primary and secondary visual fields during human prenatal development

Stress drives premature hive exiting behavior that leads to death in young honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers

Female prediabetic rats are protected from vascular dysfunction: the role of nitroso and sulfide signaling

Perturbation of mammary epithelial cell apicobasal polarity by RHBDF1-facilitated nuclear translocation of PKCζ