Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology

In this article problems in multi-scale industrial fermentation processes are discussed. The problems are generated virtually, by using computer simulation on three different scales--the molecular scale (genetics), the cellular scale (metabolic regulation), and the reactor engineering scale. Inter-scale observation and operation are deemed to be crucial in the optimization of bioprocesses. Bioreaction engineering based on metabolic flux analysis and control is further elucidated. Optimization methodology for study of multi-scale problems in a fermentation process, based on correlation of data, and the scale-up technique for regulation of several bioprocess parameters are generalized by investigation of two typical fermentation processes. A novel bioreactor system was designed to monitor mass flux (for example substrates and (by-)products) in a fermentation process. It was successfully applied to the optimization and scale-up of an industrial fermentation process for penicillin, erythromycin, chlortetracyclin, inosine, and guanosine, and for production of recombinant human serum albumin and a malaria vaccine by use of the Pichia expression system. Substantial improvement of industrial fermentation productivity was achieved.

Siliang Zhang

Ju Chu

Yingping Zhuang

Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology

Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol

A multi-scale study of industrial fermentation processes and their optimization.

工业发酵过程的多尺度研究及其优化

Three phases of matter intermingle in various environments. The phenomena behind these fluctuations provide microbial cultures with beneficial interphase on the borderlines. Correspondingly, a bioreactor broth usually consists of a liquid phase but also contains solid particles, gas bubbles, technical surfaces, and other niches, both on a visible scale and microscopically. The diffusion limitation in the suspension is a remarkable hindrance to the reaction sequence during production. It must be overcome technically. Gas flow into the reactor could serve this purpose, and the outgoing stream or bubbling contains volatile products. The various mixing elements or gas flows should be moderated if shear forces disturb the cell growth, biochemical production, enzymatic activity, or any other crucial biological or physicochemical parameters. The focus is to optimize energy production in the form of liberated gases or their mixtures. Many combustible flows need to get purified, depending on their purpose, for example, for various engines. They provide novel sources for traffic in the air, streets, roads, and waterways, not forgetting space technology dimensions.On the other hand, industrial fuels are often used as mixtures of gases or gases with other substances. This approach may facilitate the utilization of side streams. Also, municipal energy needs can be fulfilled by microbial gases. Microbial mixed cultures could play an essential role in the big picture of sustainable industries, living and agriculture, exhibiting an excessive total effect on societies' multifactorial development. The gas phase is the key to realizing their potential.Gaseous emissions are inherent part of all forms of microbial metabolism, both aerobic and anoxic ones. Carbon dioxide is liberated both in respiration and fermentation, but the microbiota also binds volatile carbon compounds. CO2 is also a raw material for plant cultivation, e.g., in greenhouses or in algal pools which both represent the first steps of food chains. Additionally, they produce biomass to produce energy, biochemicals, nutrition, and soil improvement. Gaseous products of the mixed microbial cultures are valuable sources for energy production as purified gases (e.g., biomethane, biohydrogen) or as mixtures (e.g., bio-hythane, volatiles). These relatively simple molecules also serve as supplies for other hydrocarbons (e.g., methanol). Also, many microbial metabolites serve as fuel sources (e.g., bio-oil) and substrates for further biosynthesis. This versatility of potential technological options in energy making and for industrial processes could offer huge opportunities for green energies and sustainable industries, transportation, or municipalities. In the agriculture sector, the complete recycling also includes the consideration of gas phase. This aspect provides increasing sources for clean food production. Moreover, the chemoautotrophic bacteria, including the archaeal strains, could emanate novel streams of biobased products for human use.The bioprocess always consists of a biological component and a reactor or vessel solution, plus its control and adjustment means. Some project examples are taken up introducing the combinations of these two technological mainstreams, which should be in "symbiosis" for the best results. This novel approach could lead the human activities in industries, agriculture, and municipalities into "no waste" situations. At the same time, new global resources for economically feasible and sustainable raw material sources and processes thereof will emerge. In this novel technological ecosystem, connectivity to biosphere will return and remain our societies on healthy foundations, thanks to the microbes and their communities. This chapter introduces some of the potentials.

Elias Hakalehto

Ari Jääskeläinen

Production of Novel Energy Gases in Bioprocesses Using Undefined Mixed Cultures

利用未定义混合培养物在生物过程中生产新型能源气体

Organic raw materials are the renewable sources of substrates for our industries and for our microbial communities. As industrial, agricultural or forestry side streams, they are usually affordable if the process entities, equipment and protocols are properly designed. The microbial communities that are used as biocatalysts take care of the process development together with us or with the process team. Moreover, they constitute or shape the process to resemble the natural bioprocess as it takes place or occurs in nature and thus make it "Industry Like Nature®" - type of endeavor. As an ultimate result, we could make our industries increasingly 100% sustainable with the help of microbes. In case of food or forest industry side streams, this means fossil-free production of valuable chemicals, food and feed components, energy and gases, and soil improvement or organic fertilizers. The so-called "Finnoflag biorefinery" idea has been tested in many cases together with domestic and international colleagues and industries. In here, we attempt to share the basic thinking.

Anneli Heitto

Frank Adusei-Mensah

Reino Laatikainen

Jukka Kivelä

Erik Dahlquist

Jaan den Boer

Emilia den Boer

Food and Forest Industry Waste Reuse Using Mixed Microflora

利用混合微生物群落进行食品和林业废弃物再利用

In the past decade, we have seen a rapid expansion in mammalian cell based therapeutic proteins reaching clinical applications. This increased demand has been met with much increased productivity through intensive process development. During this time, fedbatch culture processes have emerged as the predominant mode for producing recombinant proteins. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of fedbatch culture process design, focusing on the use of stoichiometric nutrient requirements for feed medium formulation, and articulating the need and potential means for devising rational dynamic feeding schemes. Incorporation of on-line nutrient measurement will play a key role in further refinement of process control for the development of a much sought after generic feeding strategy that can respond to the changing demands of different cell lines in a fluctuating culture environment. The future of process engineering will likely require a combination of current process engineering strategies along with a better understanding and control over cell physiology. Process development will likely to entail not only optimizing traditional engineering parameters but also engineering cell lines with desired characteristics. The integration of cell engineering and process intensification will likely provide the stimuli that propel the limits of growth and productivity to the next high level.

Katie F Wlaschin

Wei-Shou Hu

Fedbatch culture and dynamic nutrient feeding.

分批补料培养与动态营养补料。

Manisha Khedkar

Dattatray Bedade

Rekha S Singhal

Sandip B Bankar

Correction to: Mixed Culture Cultivation in Microbial Bioprocesses

更正：微生物生物过程中的混合培养

Alireza Minagar

Rabih Jabbour

Hayat Jabbour

Correction to: The Human Gut Microbiota: A Dynamic Biologic Factory

更正：人类肠道微生物群：一个动态的生物工厂

Jie Ren

Wei Wang

Jinglei Nie

Wenqiao Yuan

An-Ping Zeng

One-Carbon Feedstocks for Sustainable Bioproduction

Understanding and Engineering Glycine Cleavage System and Related Metabolic Pathways for C1-Based Biosynthesis

理解和工程甘氨酸裂解系统及相关代谢途径用于基于C1的生物合成

ISSN	0724-6145, 1616-8542
h-index	97

Publication Information	Publisher: Springer，Publishing cycle: Irregular，Journal Type: book-series，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1983，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.76%
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology

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A multi-scale study of industrial fermentation processes and their optimization.

Production of Novel Energy Gases in Bioprocesses Using Undefined Mixed Cultures

Food and Forest Industry Waste Reuse Using Mixed Microflora

Fedbatch culture and dynamic nutrient feeding.

Correction to: Mixed Culture Cultivation in Microbial Bioprocesses

Production of Novel Energy Gases in Bioprocesses Using Undefined Mixed Cultures

Food and Forest Industry Waste Reuse Using Mixed Microflora

Correction to: Mixed Culture Cultivation in Microbial Bioprocesses

Correction to: The Human Gut Microbiota: A Dynamic Biologic Factory

Understanding and Engineering Glycine Cleavage System and Related Metabolic Pathways for C1-Based Biosynthesis