作为人类与动物关系学术对话的重要论坛，ANTHROZOÖS 是一本经过同行评议的季刊，自 1987 年创刊以来，作为该领域的先驱，享有卓越的历史。ANTHROZOÖS 的关键前提是解决其特点和人类学、行为学、医学、心理学、兽医学和动物学等不同领域的人与非人类动物之间的相互作用和关系的后果。因此，文章涵盖了人类与动物关系的方方面面，从艺术和人文学科的治疗，到行为、生物学、社会和健康科学。

Anthrozoos is an important forum for academic dialogue on human-animal relationships. Established in 1987, it is a peer-reviewed quarterly that has a distinguished history as a pioneer in the field. The journal's key premise is to explore the interactions and relationships between humans and non-human animals and their implications across various disciplines, including anthropology, behavioral science, medicine, psychology, veterinary science, and zoology. Consequently, articles cover a wide range of topics related to human-animal relationships, from therapeutic approaches in the arts and humanities to studies in behavior, biology, social sciences, and health sciences.

《Anthrozoos》是人类与动物关系学术对话的重要论坛，创刊于1987年，经过同行评议的季刊，作为该领域的先驱，享有卓越的历史。该期刊的核心理念是探讨人类与非人类动物之间的相互作用及其在不同领域（如人类学、行为学、医学、心理学、兽医学和动物学）中的影响。因此，文章涵盖了人类与动物关系的各个方面，从艺术和人文学科的治疗，到行为、生物学、社会科学和健康科学等领域。

Anthrozoos

Unlike ethologists and veterinarians, lay people supposedly use their own unstructured observations to interpret their companion animals' behavior, often in anthropomorphic terms. Recently, anthropomorphism has evoked new interest amongst scientists as a result of provocative publications concerning "animal mind," that have prompted investigations in the field of cognitive ethology, and much speculation about the emotions of animals. The purpose of the research reported here was to determine the concurrency and plausibility of anthropomorphic interpretations and ethological descriptions of dog and cat behavior and facial expressions, taking into account the observer's experience with the companion animal species. Independent sets of pet owners and non-owners (n=128) were presented with selected still photographs and edited video sequences to interpret, first spontaneously, then in a multiple choice mode. These were programmed on an interactive CD-Rom. Nested ANOVA showed that the choice of different kinds of multiple choice answers was influenced by their level of plausibility, by the personal experience which the people had had with the species, and by the species shown in stills or movie sequences. Scenes which were interpreted with high agreement of over 80% either showed key elements, a consummatory act, or the context in which the behavior took place. They generally represented scenes relevant to the relationship between an owner and an animal. The facial expressions of "fear" and "curiosity" in dog scenes and "stress" in cat scenes were also interpreted with agreement of over 80%.

Zana Bahlig-Pieren

Dennis C. Turner

Anthrozoös

Anthropomorphic Interpretations and Ethological Descriptions of Dog and Cat Behavior by Lay People

外行人对狗和猫行为的拟人化解释与行为学描述

Studies about charismatic bird species have been carried out using the general public; among the most common charismatic attributes are body mass and coloration. However, research on birders as a target population is lacking. Birders are people who identify bird species based on visual or acoustic cues. It is important to study this group directly because they invest a lot of time and effort in citizen science projects and donate money to the conservation of nature. Identifying charismatic species for birders can help to determine the optimal flagship species for this group. Because some studies show that preferences for certain species and their attributes may be dependent on the personal characteristics of the respondents, we decided to study the preferences of different types of birder (casual, intermediate, advanced). We surveyed 2,303 German birders and found advanced birders to prefer species with a lower body mass and less coloration/brightness, compared with casual and intermediate birders. Moreover, advanced birders prefer species that are difficult to detect: that is, nocturnal species, species with larger flight distances, species with smaller population sizes, and nonurban birds. Because birders differ from the public in species preferences, this should be taken into account when species are chosen for conservation purposes, initiating citizen science projects, or management plans.

Christoph Randler

Naomi Staller

Nadine Kalb

Piotr Tryjanowski

Charismatic Species and Birdwatching: Advanced Birders Prefer Small, Shy, Dull, and Rare Species

魅力物种与观鸟：资深鸟友偏爱小型、害羞、暗淡和稀有物种

In a previous study of canine temperament (Hsu and Serpell 2003), a distinct “trainability” factor was identified, characterized by a dog's willingness to attend to its owner and obey simple commands, combined with a high “fetch” motivation, and low levels of distractibility and/or resistance to correction. This paper explores the distribution of this trait in a large sample of dogs in relation to breed, sex and neuter status. The owners of 1,563 dogs belonging to 11 common breeds were invited to assess them for “trainability” using a standardized questionnaire (C-BARQ©). Highly significant breed differences in trainability were detected. In two breeds with distinct field and show bred lines, show bred dogs obtained significantly lower trainability scores. Although no overall sex differences in trainability were detected, male Dachshunds and West Highland White Terriers were found to be significantly more trainable than females. Neutering was not associated with any differences in trainability in female dogs in any breed, but was associated with positive effects on trainability in male Shetland sheepdogs. The findings suggest that there is scope for improving trainability in most breeds of dog, and emphasize the dangers of generalizing among breeds with respect to sex differences in trainability or the benefits of neutering. The biological basis of the trainability trait is also discussed in light of recent research on the evolution of canine social cognition.

James A. Serpell

Yuying A. Hsu

Effects of breed, sex, and neuter status on trainability in dogs

品种、性别和绝育状态对狗训练能力的影响

A total of 833 students completed a four-part questionnaire which measured demographic factors (sex, education, vegetarianism, religiousness), attitudes to animal experimentation, personality (Big Five) and empathy. Attitudes to animal experimentation factored into five interpretable factors, and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the extent to which demographic factors, personality and empathy predicted these. Sex, vegetarianism, Agreeableness, Openness, Extraversion and empathy were significant predictors of all these factors. Results showed an interpretable set of correlates that were similar to previous studies in the area. As with previous research findings, the measures used predicted only a small amount of variance with respect to attitudes to animals.

Adrian Furnham

Chris McManus

David Scott

Personality, empathy and attitudes to animal welfare

人格、同理心与动物福利态度

A sample of 514 adults completed a postal questionnaire measuring both their empathy with humans (using the Mehrabian and Epstein (1972) Questionnaire for the Measurement of Emotional Empathy) and their empathy with non-human animals (using the Animal Empathy Scale, developed for this study). There was a significant, but modest correlation between the two scales (Kendall's tau=0.26, p<0.001), indicating that although the two types of empathy measure are in some way linked, they are unlikely to tap a single, unitary construct. This conclusion is reinforced by the finding that human- and animal-oriented empathy exhibit different levels of association with different potential sources of variation. Animal-oriented empathy was related to the current ownership of pets (U=19825.5, p<0.0001) and to the ownership of pets during childhood (U= 10271.0, p<0.01), while human-oriented empathy was related to currently having a child or children at home (U= 21020.5, p<0.05).

Elizabeth S. Paul

Empathy with Animals and with Humans: Are They Linked?

动物共情与人类共情：它们是否相关？

When a human being's action conflicts with their morals, moral disengagement is one strategy that allows the deactivation of self-sanctions while avoiding the emotional distress, like guilt or shame, that could result. Yet moral disengagement must be maintained to be effective, leaving space for ways that it may be shifted and changed. Empathy, or the ability to empathize with the victim, is one quality that can inhibit moral disengagement. The purpose of this study was to explore experiences of moral disengagement from animal harms among incarcerated men and how their relationships with dogs in a prison-dog program facilitated empathy and other emotional characteristics known to inversely impact moral disengagement. Derived from qualitative focus groups with 28 men in a prison-dog program, the paper traces early lives and the start of moral disengagement strategies for the participants, the ways they morally grappled with animal harms in their adult lives, and the ways human–dog bonds helped open up space for change related to emotional and caring qualities. Ultimately, these characteristics moved many participants into a more empathetic position, and in doing so, caused shifts in ways of thinking about the wellbeing of some others, particularly animals, with positive implications for their future human and animal relationships.

Jennifer K. Wesely

Moral Disengagement From Animal Harms Among Incarcerated Men, and Change Through Human–Animal Relationships in a Prison-Dog Program

监狱男性对动物伤害的道德脱节及其通过监狱犬类项目中人与动物关系的改变

The Empathy Toward Animals (ETA) scale measures two dimensions of animal-directed empathy: (1) Empathic Concern, encompassing the emotional aspects, and (2) Perspective Taking, encompassing the cognitive aspects. Although adapted from an existing measure of human-directed empathy, the original version of the ETA scale has not undergone a comprehensive investigation of its internal and external validity. Nevertheless, it continues to be used in research assessing animal-directed empathy, based on indicators of internal consistency and face/content validity. The current study sought to enhance the evidence for the ETA scale by (1) evaluating construct validity and (2) assessing convergent validity. To accomplish these objectives, a sample of 800 adults was recruited. Construct validity was evaluated using two sample cross-validation techniques to perform confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses, as well as assess internal consistency. Convergent validity was assessed through correlation matrices, t-tests, and a multiple linear regression exploring variables associated with the ETA scale. Results support the reliability of two distinct dimensions (i.e., Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking) and the latent variable (i.e., Empathy Toward Animals), and there were significant associations with conceptual constructs as expected (e.g., human-directed empathy and compassion, attitudes and beliefs about animals and nature, demographic variables). Additionally, human-directed empathy and nature relatedness significantly predict ETA. Implications for the definition and measurement of animal-directed empathy are discussed. The findings highlight the potential of leveraging empathy within interventions aimed at deepening human–animal bonds and promoting pro-environmental behaviors.

Claudia Dias Martins

Rodrigo C. Vergara

Bassam Khoury

Internal and External Validation of the Empathy Toward Animals Scale

《对动物共情量表的内外部验证》

More than just technical skill and trained movements, riding involves horse and human dynamically sensing and responding to each other. Horses' superior tactile sensitivity and heightened perception of non-verbal cues suggest that, whether intentionally or not, the dyad is constantly communicating. This complex horse–rider interaction is anecdotally referred to in the equestrian world as "feel." Although considered a valued attribute of talented equestrians, little is known about riders' understanding and experience of it. This study sought to investigate professional riders' perceptions of feel. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted online (6 female, 3 male, M = 49.38 ± 17.9 years) exploring the riders': (1) understanding of the concept of feel; (2) recognition of feel in self and others; (3) perceived influential factors; and (4) perception of the horse's role. Interviews were analyzed inductively using reflexive thematic analysis. Four key themes were generated from the data to represent the riders' understanding and experience: (1) feel as an ideal (2) feel as a training tool, (3) feel as feedback from the horse, (4) feel as self-awareness. Feel is perceived as a multifaceted skill, with physical, cognitive, and emotional components, which is key to optimizing performance and equine welfare. Good feel is believed to distinguish exceptional riders and be a transcendent experience. However, it is regarded as difficult to teach. Riders emphasized the influence of their body and mind on the horse, and a need to appreciate horses' communication and sentience and develop a reciprocal connection. Further investigation into riders' experience of feel within the dyad is warranted.

Antonia Stringer

Victoria Lewis

Emma Davies

Exploring Professional Riders’ Understanding and Experience of Feel Within the Equestrian Dyad

探索专业骑手对马术二元体中“感觉”的理解与体验

Nonhuman animals are perceived differently depending on their relative use for humans. While companion animals are anthropomorphized and assigned a high moral status, farm animals often do not receive such consideration. To investigate the development of these differing perceptions, we evaluated the depiction of farm and companion animals in German biology textbooks to identify and analyze inherent biases across nonhuman animal species. The varying moral considerations and treatment of nonhuman animals are solely determined by their species membership, reflecting a broader collective orientation toward nonhuman animals referred to as speciesism. Analyzing 35 German biology textbooks, we investigated whether the portrayal of companion animals (dogs and cats) versus farm animals (pigs, cows, and chickens) differentiates between them, manifesting in companion animal speciesism and belief in the emotional and cognitive capacities of animals (belief in animal mind). We developed a set of categories and examined differences in the frequencies of sentence allocation between companion animals and farm animals to test whether speciesism is embedded in German educational materials. The results of our tests indicate significant biases in the representation of companion and farm animals in German biology textbooks. Specifically, companion animals are attributed significantly greater intrinsic value (χ2 = 102.36, p < 0.001, φ = 0.152), concern (χ2 = 20.91, p < 0.001, φ = 0.069), and belief in animal mind (χ2 = 351.22, p < 0.001, φ = 0.269) compared with farm animals. These findings expose speciesist bias in textbooks, where companion animals are portrayed more favorably, while farm animals are depicted with indifference or as mere resources. This raises critical questions about perspectives on nonhuman animals and underscores the need to reevaluate their portrayal in educational materials.

Abbreviation	Anthrozoos
Journal Impact	1.88
Quartiles(Global)	VETERINARY SCIENCES(Q2)

ISSN	0892-7936, 1753-0377
h-index	69

Publication Information	Publisher: Taylor and Francis Ltd.，Publishing cycle: Quarterly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1996，Proportion of original research papers: 97.56%，Self Citation Rate:17.60%， Gold OA Rate: 26.26%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：>36周，或约稿
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Anthrozoos

Journal Citation Format

A journal article with 1 author

A journal article with 2 authors

A journal article with 3 authors

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Books Citation Format

Thesis Citation Format

Web sites Citation Format

Patent Citation Format

Staying up late manually editing references? ivySCI automatically matches journals and helps you generate references with a single click.

Share Submission Experience