BRAIN TOPOGRAPHY 使用包括 EEG、MEG、FMRI、TMS、扩散成像、光谱学、颅内记录、病变研究和相关方法在内的全方位成像技术发表关于认知神经科学和功能性神经生理学的临床和基础研究。特别鼓励结合多种技术的提交，以及新的和创新方法的报告。

The journal "Brain Topography" employs a wide range of imaging techniques, including EEG, MEG, fMRI, TMS, diffusion imaging, spectroscopy, intracranial recordings, lesion studies, and related methods, to publish clinical and fundamental research in cognitive neuroscience and functional neurophysiology. The journal particularly encourages submissions that combine multiple techniques and reports on new and innovative methods.

《Brain Topography》期刊使用包括EEG、MEG、fMRI、TMS、扩散成像、光谱学、颅内记录、病变研究等多种成像技术，发表关于认知神经科学和功能性神经生理学的临床与基础研究。期刊特别鼓励提交结合多种技术的研究，以及报告新的和创新的方法。

Brain Topography

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the prefrontal cortex has been repeatedly shown to improve working memory (WM). Since patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by both underactivation of the prefrontal cortex and deficits in WM, the modulation of prefrontal activity with tDCS in ADHD patients may increase their WM performance as well as improve the activation and connectivity of the WM network. In the present study, this hypothesis was tested using a double-blind sham-controlled experimental design. After randomization, sixteen adolescents with ADHD underwent either anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, 1 mA, 20 min) or sham stimulation with simultaneous fMRI during n-back WM task. Both in one-back and two-back conditions, tDCS led to a greater activation (compared with sham stimulation) of the left DLPFC (under the electrode), left premotor cortex, left supplementary motor cortex, and precuneus. The effects of tDCS were long-lasting and influenced resting state functional connectivity even 20 min after the stimulation, with patterns of strengthened DLPFC connectivity after tDCS outlining the WM network. In summary, anodal tDCS caused increased neuronal activation and connectivity, not only in the brain area under the stimulating electrode (i.e. left DLPFC) but also in other, more remote brain regions. Because of moderate behavioral effects of tDCS, the significance of this technique for ADHD treatment has to be investigated in further studies.

Anna Sotnikova

Cornelia Soff

Enzo Tagliazucchi

Katja Becker

Michael Siniatchkin

Brain topography

Brain Topogr

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Modulates Neuronal Networks in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

经颅直流电刺激调节注意力缺陷多动障碍中的神经元网络。

Electroencephalography (EEG) microstates (MSs) are defined as quasi-stable topographies that represent global coherent activation. Alternations in EEG MSs have been reported in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. Transferring the results of these studies into clinical practice requires not only high reliability but also sufficient individual specificity. Nevertheless, whether the amount of data used in microstate analysis influences reliability and how much individual information is provided by EEG MSs are unclear. In the current study, we aimed to assess the within-subject consistency and between-subject differences in the characteristics of EEG MSs. Two sets of eyes-closed resting-state EEG recordings were collected from 54 young, healthy participants on two consecutive days. The Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices test was conducted to assess general fluid intelligence (gF). We obtained four MSs (labeled A, B, C and D) through EEG microstate analysis. EEG MS characteristics including traditional features (the global explained variances, mean durations, coverages, occurrences and transition probabilities), the Hurst exponents and temporal dynamic features (the autocorrelation functions and the partial autocorrelation functions) were calculated and evaluated. The data with a duration greater than 2 min showed moderate to high reliability and individual specificity. The mean duration and coverage of MS C were significantly correlated with the gF score. The dynamic features showed a higher identification accuracy and were more significantly correlated with gF than the traditional MS features. These findings reveal that EEG microstate characteristics are reliably unique in single subjects and possess abundant inter-individual variability.

Jiayi Liu

Jing Xu

Guangyuan Zou

Yong He

Qihong Zou

Jia-Hong Gao

Reliability and Individual Specificity of EEG Microstate Characteristics.

脑电微状态特征的可靠性与个体特异性。

Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allow us to study the active human brain from two perspectives concurrently. Signal processing based artifact reduction techniques are mandatory for this, however, to obtain reasonable EEG quality in simultaneous EEG-fMRI. Current artifact reduction techniques like average artifact subtraction (AAS), typically become less effective when artifact reduction has to be performed on-the-fly. We thus present and evaluate a new technique to improve EEG quality online. This technique adds up with online AAS and combines a prototype EEG-cap for reference recordings of artifacts, with online adaptive filtering and is named reference layer adaptive filtering (RLAF). We found online AAS + RLAF to be highly effective in improving EEG quality. Online AAS + RLAF outperformed online AAS and did so in particular online in terms of the chosen performance metrics, these being specifically alpha rhythm amplitude ratio between closed and opened eyes (3–45% improvement), signal-to-noise-ratio of visual evoked potentials (VEP) (25–63% improvement), and VEPs variability (16–44% improvement). Further, we found that EEG quality after online AAS + RLAF is occasionally even comparable with the offline variant of AAS at a 3T MRI scanner. In conclusion RLAF is a very effective add-on tool to enable high quality EEG in simultaneous EEG-fMRI experiments, even when online artifact reduction is necessary.

David Steyrl

Gunther Krausz

Karl Koschutnig

Günter Edlinger

Gernot R. Müller-Putz

Online Reduction of Artifacts in EEG of Simultaneous EEG-fMRI Using Reference Layer Adaptive Filtering (RLAF)

使用参考层自适应滤波(RLAF)在线减少同时进行EEG-fMRI的EEG伪影

Abstract Studies examining event-related potentials (ERP) in patients affected by attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have found considerable evidence of reduced target P300 amplitude across different perceptual modalities. P300 amplitude has been related to attention-driven context comparison and resource allocation processes. Altered P300 amplitude in ADHD can be reasonably assumed to be related to ADHD typical cognitive performance deficits. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can increase the amplitude of endogenous brain oscillations . Because ERP components can be viewed as event-related oscillations (EROs), with P300 translating into the delta (0–4 Hz) and theta (4–8 Hz) frequency range, an increase of delta and theta ERO amplitudes by tACS should result in an increase of P300 amplitudes in ADHD patients. In this pilot study, 18 adult ADHD patients (7 female) performed three consecutive blocks of a visual oddball task while the electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Patients received either 20 min of tACS or sham stimulation at a stimulation intensity of 1 mA. Individual stimulation frequency was determined using a time–frequency decomposition of the P300. Our preliminary results demonstrate a significant increase in P300 amplitude in the stimulation group which was accompanied by a decrease in omission errors pre-to-post tACS. However, studies including larger sample sizes are advised.

Isa Dallmer-Zerbe

Fabian Popp

Alexandra Philomena Lam

Alexandra Philipsen

Christoph Siegfried Herrmann

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) as a Tool to Modulate P300 Amplitude in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Preliminary Findings

经颅交流电刺激（tACS）作为调节注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）中P300振幅的工具：初步发现

In an earlier experiment, we have used the BTi twin MAGNES system (2 x 37 channels) to record the evoked magnetic field from five healthy right-handed male volunteers using two tasks: visual recognition of complex objects including faces and facial expressions of emotion. We have repeated the experiment with one of the five subjects using the BTi whole head system (148 channels). Magnetic field tomography (MFT) was used to extract 3D estimates of brain activity millisecond by millisecond from the recorded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals. Results from the MFT analysis of the average signals of the five subjects have been reported elsewhere (Streit et al. 1997; Streit et al. 1999). In this paper, we present results of the detailed single trial analysis for the subject recorded from the whole head system. We found activations in areas extending from the occipital pole to anterior areas. Regions of interest (ROIs) were defined entirely on functional criteria and confirmed independently by the location of the maximum activity on the MRI. Activation curves for each ROI were computed and objective statistical measures (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) were then used to identify time segments for which the ROI activity showed significant differences both within the same and across different object/emotion categories. Emphasis is placed on the quantification of the activity from two ROIs, fusiform gyrus (FG) and amygdala (AM), which have been best studied in the context of processing of faces and facial expressions of emotion, respectively. We found no face-specific area as such, but instead areas like the FG was activated by all complex objects at roughly similar latencies and varying strengths. The amygdala activity was significantly different between 150 and 180 ms for fearful expression, and even earlier for happy expression.

L Liu

A A Ioannides

M Streit

Single trial analysis of neurophysiological correlates of the recognition of complex objects and facial expressions of emotion.

复杂物体识别与情绪面部表情神经生理相关性的单次试验分析。

Human beings exhibit varying risk-taking behaviors in response to different risk levels. Despite numerous studies on risk-taking in decision-making, the neural mechanisms of decision-making regarding risk levels remains unclear. To investigate the neural correlates of individual differences in risk-taking under different risk-levels, we analyzed behavioral data of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) data of healthy participants (22-39 years, N = 93) from the University of California, Los Angeles Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics dataset. In the BART, the participants decided to pump for more points or stop pumping to avoid explosion of the balloons, where the risk level was manipulated by the explosion likelihood which was distinguished by the balloon color (blue for low-, red for high- risk condition). Compared with low-risk condition, the participants pumped less number, exploded more balloons, and showed more variability in pump numbers in high-risk condition, demonstrating the effective manipulation of the risky level. Next, resting state features and functional connectivity (rsFC) strength were associated with behavioral measures in low- and high-risk conditions. We found that the explosion number of balloons were correlated with the low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L. DLPFC), the rsFC strength between L. DLPFC and the left anterior orbital gyrus in the low-risk condition. In the high-risk condition, we found variability in pump numbers was correlated with the ALFF in the left middle/superior frontal gyrus, the fractional ALFF (fALFF) in the medial segment of precentral gyrus (M. PrG), and the rsFC strength between the M. PrG and bilateral precentral gyrus. Our results highlighted significance of the L. DLPFC in lower risky decision making and the precentral gyrus in higher risky decision making, suggesting that distinctive neural correlates underlie the individual differences of decision-making under different risk level.

Zhenlan Jin

Simeng Li

Changan Wang

Xiaoqian Chai

Junjun Zhang

Ling Li

Distinctive Neural Substrates of low and high Risky Decision Making: Evidence from the Balloon Analog Risk Task

低和高风险决策的独特神经基础：来自气球模拟风险任务的证据

To observe the functional differences in the key brain areas in patients with different levels of consciousness after severe brain injury, and provide reference for confirming the objective diagnosis indicators for prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoCs).

Weiguan Chen

Ye Zhang

Aisong Guo

Xuejun Zhou

Weiqun Song

Brain Function and Structure Changes in the Prognosis Prediction of Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness

意识障碍长期预后预测中的脑功能与结构变化

Exclusive breastfeeding (eBF) in infancy appears to offer a developmental advantage for children's brains compared to formula-fed counterparts. Existing research has predominantly focused on global brain measures (i.e., total white/grey matter volumes) or on limited sets of specific brain regions, in selected age groups, leaving uncertainties about the impact of eBF on the overall structural connectomes. In this cross-sectional study encompassing participants from childhood to adulthood, partial least squares correlations (PLSC) were employed to assess white and grey matter volumes. Furthermore, a network analytic approach was used to estimate the structural connectome based on cortical thickness data. The results revealed that eBF duration correlated with increased white matter volumes in children and with the volume of the medial orbital gyrus in adults. Structural connectome analyses demonstrated heightened anatomical connectivity in eBF children, evidenced by enhanced network density and local/global efficiency, along with increased node degree and local efficiency in frontal and temporal lobes. Similarly, eBF in adults was associated to an improved node connectivity in the frontal lobe. These findings imply a lasting impact of eBF on brain morphometry and structural connectivity. Childhood benefits include heightened white matter development, while in adulthood, eBF may contribute to reduced neural loss associated with aging and enhanced connectivity, particularly in frontal regions.

Fabrizio Parente

Tiziana Pedale

Camilla Rossi-Espagnet

Daniela Longo

Antonio Napolitano

Simone Gazzellini

Simone Macrì

Valerio Santangelo

A Multivariate and Network Analysis Uncovers a Long-Term Influence of Exclusive Breastfeeding on the Development of Brain Morphology and Structural Connectivity

一项多变量和网络分析揭示了纯母乳喂养对大脑形态和结构连接发育的长期影响

As the fundamental dispositional determinant of social motivation, social value orientation (SVO) may modulate individuals' response patterns in interpersonal coordination contexts. Adopting fNIRS-based hyperscanning approach, the present investigation uncovered the hyper-brain network topological dynamics underlying the effect of the dyadic similarity in the social value orientation on interpersonal coordination. Our findings indicated that the dyads in proself group exhibited the higher degree of competitive intensity during the competitive coordination block, and the dyads in the prosocial group exhibited a higher degree of cooperative coordination during the cooperative coordination block. Distinct hyper-brain functional connectivity patterns and network topological characteristics were identified during the competitive and cooperative coordination blocks in the proself and prosocial groups. The nodal-network global efficiency at the right frontopolar area further mediated the effect of the dyadic deviation in social value orientation similarity on effective adjustments after the negative feedback during the cooperative coordination block in the prosocial group. Our findings manifested distinct behavioral performances and hyper-brain functional connectivity patterns underlying the effect of the dyadic similarity in social value orientation on interpersonal coordination in the real-time mode.

Hanxuan Zhao

Can Zhang

Ruiwen Tao

Mingjing Wang

Yuan Yin

Sihua Xu

Dyadic Similarity in Social Value Orientation Modulates Hyper-Brain Network Dynamics During Interpersonal Coordination: An fNIRS-Based Hyperscanning Study

社会价值取向中的二元相似性调节人际协调过程中的超脑网络动态：一项基于fNIRS的超扫描研究

Bhikkhunī Dhammadinnā

Clifford D. Saron

Letter to the Editors

致编辑的信

Abbreviation	Brain Topogr.
Journal Impact	2.20
Quartiles(Global)	NEUROSCIENCES(Q3)

ISSN	0896-0267, 1573-6792
h-index	83

Publication Information	Publisher: Kluwer Academic/Human Sciences Press Inc.，Publishing cycle: Quarterly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1988，Proportion of original research papers: 97.92%，Self Citation Rate:8.70%， Gold OA Rate: 40.38%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均3.0个月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：一般

Brain Topography

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