BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL 是一份经同行评审的季刊，旨在促进全球范围内的研究和行动，以保护鸟类及其赖以生存的栖息地。 BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL 的官方期刊，它提供了广泛的保护主题的刺激性、国际性和最新的报道，使用鸟类来阐明生物多样性、保护和可持续资源利用等更广泛的问题。它发表原创论文和评论，包括有针对性的文章和领先专家的建议。

Bird Conservation International is a peer-reviewed quarterly journal aimed at promoting research and action worldwide to conserve birds and their habitats. As the official journal of BirdLife International, it provides stimulating, international, and up-to-date reports on a wide range of conservation topics, using birds to illuminate broader issues such as biodiversity, conservation, and sustainable resource use. It publishes original papers and reviews, including targeted articles and recommendations from leading experts.

《Bird Conservation International》是一本经过同行评审的季刊，旨在促进全球范围内的研究和行动，以保护鸟类及其栖息地。作为BirdLife International的官方期刊，它提供了广泛的保护主题的刺激性、国际性和最新的报道，利用鸟类来阐明生物多样性、保护和可持续资源利用等更广泛的问题。期刊发表原创论文和评论，包括有针对性的文章和领先专家的建议。

Bird Conservation International

Summary The near-threatened Lilian’s Lovebird Agapornis lilianae is a small parrot endemic to the Zambezi basin in south-east Africa. The species has a fragmented distribution predominantly within mopane woodlands and is widely referred to as a mopane specialist. The harvesting of mopane trees for charcoal production and timber are having widespread impacts on this woodland habitat, raising concerns over its capacity to support biodiversity. This study aimed to understand the key drivers determining the occurrence of Lilian’s Lovebird in the mopane woodlands of Zambia, focusing particularly on aspects of woodland structure, including the size and density of trees. We used a MaxEnt species distribution model based on historical species occurrence data, to inform selection of 116 survey plots in the Luangwa, Luano and Zambezi valleys. Each plot was sampled for Lilian’s Lovebirds and woodland structure described. Occurrence of Lilian’s Lovebird was found to be positively associated with the size of mopane trees (both height and diameter at breast height) suggesting that large ‘cathedral’ mopane trees provide a key resource for the species and that conservation efforts should focus on the protection of sites containing large trees. No Lilian’s Lovebirds were recorded in areas where they previously occurred to the west of Lower Zambezi National Park, and there was an absence of ‘cathedral’ mopane habitat in this area.

TIWONGE I. MZUMARA

ROWAN O. MARTIN

HEMANT TRIPATHI

CHAONA PHIRI

ARJUN AMAR

Distribution of a habitat specialist: Mopane woodland structure determines occurrence of Near Threatened Lilian’s Lovebird Agapornis lilianae

栖息地专家的分布：Mopane林地结构决定濒危近缘的Lilian爱情鸟Agapornis lilianae的出现

Summary Poisonous birds are rare but on New Guinea, including Indonesia’s easternmost provinces, no less than nine poisonous species, eight pitohuis and one species of ifrita, are found. Pitohuis when handled can cause sneezing with numbness and burning of nasal tissue and nausea in humans. In the bird markets of western Indonesia novelty birds are traded at a premium and overexploitation of popular songbirds leads traders to find replacement species to meet demand. We conducted over 800 surveys in the bird markets of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, and Sulawesi between 1994 and 2023 and from 2015 onwards we assessed the online trade in pitohuis and Blue-capped Ifrit Ifrita kowaldi. We identified the species, recorded their prices and location, and the date when the birds were offered for sale. We analysed temporal trends, volumes, prices, and geographical origin of the sellers. Between 1994 and 2014 we did not encounter a single pitohui in the Indonesian bird markets. In the following years we recorded 113 pitohuis in 12 bird markets and we recorded 199 pitohuis for sale online; 248 were variable pitohuis and 54 were Hooded Pitohui Pitohui dichrous. No ifritas were recorded. Most pitohuis were recorded in eastern Java and Bali. Prices differed between eastern Java (mean of US$93) and western Java and Bali (US$185), possibly suggesting pitohuis arrive from West Papua in eastern Java and from there make their way to the outer markets. Pitohuis are marketed as “Papuan Straw-headed Bulbuls”; the Straw-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus zeylanicus is a very popular and expensive songbird from Southeast Asia, including western Indonesia, that has become rare both in the wild and in the markets due to overexploitation. Discussions about pitohuis on online forums rarely mention “poisonous” but when it is mentioned traders dismiss this as something not to worry about and they claim it to be dietary-dependent. Poisonous pitohuis are novelty, as well as master, birds in Indonesia, where they are marketed for their song ignoring any negative side-effects of them being poisonous. The trade in novelty species, when detected early, does allow for the authorities to intervene in a timely manner to ensure that this trade does not impede their conservation.

Vincent Nijman

Abdullah Abdullah

Ahmad Ardiansyah

Jessica Chavez

Amanda Fairey

Katherine Hedger

Abdullah Langgeng

S. Sunny Nelson

I. Nyoman Aji Duranegara Payuse

Chris R. Shepherd

K. Anne-Isola Nekaris

Poisonous pitohuis as pets

宠物毒箭蛙

Summary There are six species of flamingos in the world, all under pressure from human activities in their wetland habitats. Obtaining global population estimates for flamingos is challenging because of their broad geographical range, nomadic movements, capacity for long-distance flight, and the complexity of international monitoring. Two species, the Andean Flamingo Phoenicoparrus andinus and Puna Flamingo P. jamesi , during key parts of their life cycle, use wetlands in the Andes of South America, where they coexist at various sites. We compiled historical information on population estimates and ecology for these two species and integrated data collected on regional simultaneous censuses to describe population trends, current and emerging threats, and provide recommendations for conservation action. Long-term population trends have been difficult to establish given the unreliability of population estimates prior to the late 1990s. Systematic, regional censuses carried out regularly since 1997 have produced robust population estimates for the Andean and Puna flamingos (most recently, 78,000 and 154,000, respectively) and show populations of both species to be stable and increasing. Increasingly rapid changes in wetlands caused by human activities such as industrial-scale mining in breeding and foraging sites in the high Andes wetlands, and agro-industrial activities in their lowland wintering sites, focused on areas of the highest concentrations of flamingos pose threats to their survival and ability to reproduce. In addition, climate change is projected to reduce wetland habitats and some localised effects have already been detected. Continued research on the ecological drivers of flamingo abundance, movements, and population genetics to understand population structure and dynamics are necessary, as well as the identification of response variables to changing environmental conditions. Interdisciplinary and systems-level approaches in the context of international collaboration in monitoring and conservation planning among a diversity of stakeholders will be required to safeguard flamingo populations and wetland habitats.

Enrique J. Derlindati

Felicity Arengo

Matías Michelutti

Marcelo C. Romano

Heber Sosa Fabre

Enver Ortiz

Omar Rocha

Alex E. Jahn

Mariana M. Chanampa

Ignacio M. Barberis

A review of the ecology and conservation of the Andean Flamingo Phoenicoparrus andinus and Puna Flamingo P. jamesi in South America

南美洲安第斯火烈鸟Phoenicoparrus andinus和普纳火烈鸟P. jamesi的生态与保护综述

Summary In the Anthropocene, recognising nature’s role in human well-being is pivotal for biodiversity conservation. Despite their significance, knowledge gaps persist regarding ecosystem services, even for well-studied species like vultures. Our study focuses on the Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus in Sardinia, Italy, exploring their cultural and regulating services, including carcass disposal and resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. Through surveys of natural reserve visitors and data on carcass provision and GHG emissions, we assess public perception, economic value, and environmental impacts associated with vultures. The public perception of Griffon Vultures is predominantly positive, with a strong acknowledgment of their role in disease prevention and carcass disposal, highlighting their contribution to regulation services. Furthermore, vultures are widely recognised as a key element characterising the agropastoral landscapes of Sardinia, underscoring their cultural importance. The economic evaluation, through willingness to pay for vulture-watching and photography opportunities, indicates a significant appreciation of these birds, with almost three-quarters of respondents willing to pay an entrance fee at vulture observation sites. We also show that supplanting the disposal role of vultures at studied feeding sites (during 2017–2022) would result in the emission of 96 tons of CO 2 equivalent, which highlights the critical role of vultures in climate mitigation. This study not only sheds light on the ecological and cultural significance of Griffon Vultures in Sardinia but also underscores the economic and environmental benefits of their conservation. It emphasises the need for continued efforts in vulture conservation, integrating ecological, cultural, and economic perspectives to foster a sustainable coexistence between humans and wildlife.

Andrea Santangeli

Ilaria Fozzi

Davide De Rosa

Mauro Aresu

Alfonso Campus

Marco Muzzeddu

Dionigi Secci

Jacopo Cerri

Fiammetta Berlinguer

Quantifying the regulation and cultural ecosystem services associated with Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus in Sardinia, Italy

量化意大利撒丁岛的兀鹫（Gyps fulvus）相关调控与文化生态系统服务

Summary Resource partitioning is a critical mechanism underlying the coexistence of close relative species that feed on similar resources. Based on foraging data, we built a plant–seedeater interaction network for three sympatric species of Neotropical seedeaters – namely Tropeiro Seedeater Sporophila beltoni , Black-bellied Seedeater Sporophila melanogaster , and Tawny-bellied Seedeater Sporophila hypoxantha , and tested to what extent the three species shared resources. The interaction network was non-nested and modular, forming three modules, each one comprising one seedeater species and their most consumed plants, indicating the existence of resource partitioning. Modules may result from multiple non-exclusive factors, including differences among seedeater species in habitat use, bill sizes, feeding habits, structure of vegetation for nesting, and abiotic factors that influence plant composition. Our results indicate that the effective conservation of these species requires the protection of areas that include the three distinct subsets of plants used by these birds during the breeding season and also indicates which plants may be used for the restoration of grasslands in the region.

Ismael Franz

Jeferson Vizentin-Bugoni

Márcio Repenning

Cristiano E. Rovedder

Ilsi I. Boldrini

Carla S. Fontana

Seeds consumed by three sympatric species of threatened Sporophila seedeaters: lessons for conservation and grassland restoration

三种同域分布的受威胁Sporophila食籽雀所食种子：对保护与草原恢复的启示

Summary Wilkins’s Finch Nesospiza wilkinsi is endemic to Nightingale Island (2.5 km 2 ), Tristan da Cunha. It feeds on the woody fruits of the Island Tree Phylica arborea and in 2017 had a population of 120 breeding pairs. In 2021 it was uplisted from “Endangered” to “Critically Endangered” following damage to P. arborea woodland during severe storms in 2019. During a brief visit to Nightingale in February 2024, we confirmed that the finch population in the area of storm-damaged woodland has decreased by up to 75%, but the density in other areas was similar to that prior to 2019. Extrapolating from the 2017 survey, we estimated the current population to be 60–90 breeding pairs. Surveys of P. arborea structure in the storm-affected area indicated that some large trees had survived, despite being flattened, that recruitment of new trees is occurring, and that fruit loads on surviving trees are similar to those in 2017. Satellite imagery from 2005 showed similar woodland loss during another severe storm in 2001 to that experienced in 2019, indicating that the finch has survived similar events in the past. Coupled with the successful release of a biological control agent to limit the impact of the introduced brown soft scale Coccus hesperidum on Phylica fruit production, the future prospect for Wilkins’s Finch is less bleak than previously thought. However, the risk that global warming is increasing the frequency of severe storms remains a concern. Planting more woodland patches in sheltered areas would help to offset future storm damage.

Peter G. Ryan

Coleen L. Moloney

Ben J. Dilley

Trevor Glass

Andy Schofield

The impact of storm-induced tree loss on the population of Wilkins’s Finch Nesospiza wilkinsi

风暴导致的树木损失对威尔金斯雀（Nesospiza wilkinsi）种群的影响

Abbreviation	Bird Conserv. Int.
Journal Impact	1.34
Quartiles(Global)	ORNITHOLOGY(Q1)

ISSN	0959-2709, 1474-0001
h-index	51

Publication Information	Publisher: Cambridge University Press，Publishing cycle: Quarterly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1991，Proportion of original research papers: 94.12%，Self Citation Rate:6.70%， Gold OA Rate: 31.98%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：>12周，或约稿
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Bird Conservation International

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Distribution of a habitat specialist: Mopane woodland structure determines occurrence of Near Threatened Lilian’s Lovebird Agapornis lilianae

Poisonous pitohuis as pets

A review of the ecology and conservation of the Andean Flamingo Phoenicoparrus andinus and Puna Flamingo P. jamesi in South America

Quantifying the regulation and cultural ecosystem services associated with Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus in Sardinia, Italy

Seeds consumed by three sympatric species of threatened Sporophila seedeaters: lessons for conservation and grassland restoration

Poisonous pitohuis as pets

A review of the ecology and conservation of the Andean Flamingo Phoenicoparrus andinus and Puna Flamingo P. jamesi in South America

Quantifying the regulation and cultural ecosystem services associated with Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus in Sardinia, Italy

Seeds consumed by three sympatric species of threatened Sporophila seedeaters: lessons for conservation and grassland restoration

The impact of storm-induced tree loss on the population of Wilkins’s Finch Nesospiza wilkinsi