Contemporary Hypnosis

Abstract The complex interaction of pain, other symptoms and suffering in cancer patients requires a treatment approach that integrates psychological as well as pharmacological interventions. The supplementation of a pharmacological pain treatment concept based on WHO‐guidelines by the use of self hypnosis was examined in a controlled clinical follow up study: 61 of 342 patients with cancer related pain referred to the Interdisciplinary Pain Unit of Munich University Clinic were included. In a cross‐over design they were randomly assigned to two different successions of treatments after a 2‐week period of establishing optimal medication: either AB (A: using self‐ hypnosis and analgesics, followed by B: pharmacological treatment alone, 4 weeks each) or BA (B: continuing pharmacological treatment alone and then A: using additional self‐hypnosis). Patients themselves evaluated therapeutic effectiveness with the help of visual analogue scales (VAS) in a ‘pain diary’ for a total of 10 weeks. On account of a carryover‐effect caused by the beneficial effects of self‐hypnosis the ‘cross‐over’ did not show statistical significance. Using a parallel design we found a statistically significant reduction of pain and suffering after the first four weeks for treatment A (with self‐hypnosis) in comparison to treatment B (without self‐hypnosis). The utilization of hypnosis requires an intensive subjective exchange over a period of time between the patient and the therapist, who embark as travelling companions on a journey through uncharted territory. Three case reports serve as an example for three different ‘time windows’ of this travelling companionship of therapists and patients: short term/crisis intervention, cooperation for several weeks/coping enhancement, and long term/psychotherapy. Copyright © 2008 British Society of Experimental &amp; Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Hansjörg Ebell

The therapist as a travelling companion to the chronically ill: hypnosis and cancer related symptoms

慢性病患者的心理治疗师：催眠与癌症相关症状

Abstract The therapeutic potential of the use of mental representations, such as mental images, might be an interesting approach in the treatment of people who are severely impaired with respect to the processing of emotion, and in particular the activation of mental images. That is the case of alexithymia, which is a multifaceted construct comprising (a) difficulty identifying feelings and distinguishing between feelings and the bodily sensations of emotional arousal; (b) difficulty describing feelings to others; (c) a restricted imagination, as evidenced by a paucity of fantasies; and (d) a cognitive style that is literal, utilitarian, and externally oriented (Taylor and Bagby, 2000). Thirty‐one alexithymic female students were randomly distributed into two conditions: hypnotic imagery condition and control condition. Participants in the hypnotic imagery condition took part in an 8‐session individual training programme. The findings indicate that hypnosis is an effective technique for obtaining a decrease in alexithymic scores. The findings also indicate that changes in mood states are not involved in the change in alexithymia scores. This suggests that hypnosis has exerted a direct effect upon alexithymia (not attributable to anxiety or depression), and consequently demonstrates that it is possible to exert an effect (i) upon alexithymia without targeting a decrease in anxiety or depression scores, (ii) upon alexithymic people with no anxiety or depression problems, as anxiety and depression are not the therapeutic determinant of the therapeutic response. Copyright © 2008 British Society of Experimental &amp; Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Marie‐Claire Gay

Dorothée Hanin

Olivier Luminet

Effectiveness of an hypnotic imagery intervention on reducing alexithymia

催眠意象干预对减少述情障碍的有效性

Abstract The above article (DOI: 10.1002/ch.340) was published in Volume 24, Issue 4, Pages 154–160. The authors of this paper stated that they had used the Inventory Scale of Hypnotic Depth (ISHD; Field, 1965) in this research when in fact they used the Subjective Experiences Scale (SES) for the HGSHS:A (Kirsch, Council, &amp; Wickless, 1990). Thus the reader should substitute the SES for the ISHD. Otherwise, the statistics, analyses, and conclusions remain the same

Etzel Cardeña

Sakari Kallio

Devin B. Terhune

Sandra Buratti

Angelica Lööf

The effects of translation and sex on hypnotizability testing

翻译和性别对催眠易感性测试的影响

The use of a 'virtual reality' hypnotherapeutic procedure was trialled for feasibility as a possible treatment modality for autism (4 sessions over 2 weeks) with 2 boys aged 14 and 15 years old. The aim of the study was to determine if the procedure would be acceptable to autistic patients and thus have some potential as an intervention for reducing anxieties and/or alleviating symptoms associated with autism. Results indicated that the procedure had no effect on autistic symptoms, however, the parents of both boys reported that their son enjoyed the sessions, was attentive and relaxed throughout and that they would pursue this procedure if it were available. Furthermore, they indicated that they believed it was an effective technique to gain their son's attention, and this, combined with the fact that the boys found it enjoyable and engaging, led them to believe there is significant potential for this particular treatment modality. Copyright © 2008 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

David W. Austin

Jo-Anne M. Abbott

Colin Carbis

The use of virtual reality hypnosis with two cases of autism spectrum disorder: a feasibility study

虚拟现实催眠在两例自闭症谱系障碍中的应用：一项可行性研究

Contemporary HypnosisVolume 25, Issue 2 p. 100-101 Research Article A short note on detection of and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis Erich Flammer, Corresponding Author Erich Flammer [email protected] Constance University, Department of Psychology, Universitatsstraße 10, D-78464 konstanz (Germany)Constance University, Department of Psychology, Universitatsstraße 10, D-78464 konstanz (Germany)Search for more papers by this author Erich Flammer, Corresponding Author Erich Flammer [email protected] Constance University, Department of Psychology, Universitatsstraße 10, D-78464 konstanz (Germany)Constance University, Department of Psychology, Universitatsstraße 10, D-78464 konstanz (Germany)Search for more papers by this author First published: 27 May 2008 https://doi.org/10.1002/ch.354Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. REFERENCES Begg C and Berlin JA (1988) Publication bias: a problem in interpreting medical data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 151: 419–463. 10.2307/2982993 Web of Science®Google Scholar Begg CB and Mazumdar M (1994) Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics 50: 1088–101. 10.2307/2533446 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Duval S and Tweedie R (2000a) Trim and fill: a simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics 56: 455–63. 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Duval S and Tweedie R (2000b) A nonparametric 'trim and fil' method of accounting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association 95: 89–98. 10.1080/01621459.2000.10473905 Web of Science®Google Scholar Egger M, Smith DG, Schneider M and Minder C (1997) Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. British Medical Journal 315: 629–34. 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Higgins JPT and Green S (eds) (2006) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 4.2.6. Chichester, UK: John and Wiley Sons. Google Scholar Ioannidis JPA and Trikalinos TA (2007) The appropriateness of asymmetry tests for publication bias in meta-analyses: a large survey. Journal of the Canadian Medical Association 176: 1091–6. 10.1503/cmaj.060410 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Lau J, Ioannidis JPA, Terrin N, Schmid CH and Olkin I (2006) The case of the misleading funnel plot. British Medical Journal 333: 597–600. 10.1136/bmj.333.7568.597 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Light RJ and Pillemer DB (1984) Summing Up: The Science of Reviewing Research. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 10.4159/9780674040243 Google Scholar Macaskill P, Walter SD and Irwig L (2001) A comparison of methods to detect publication bias in meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine 20: 641–54. 10.1002/sim.698 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Peters JL, Sutton AJ, Jones DR, Abrams KR and Rushton L (2006) Comparison of two methods to detect publication bias in meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association 295: 676–80. 10.1001/jama.295.6.676 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Peters JL, Sutton AJ, Jones DR, Abrams KR and Rushton L (2007) Performance of the trim and fill method in the presence of publication bias and between-study heterogeneity. Statistics in Medicine 26: 4544–4562. 10.1002/sim.2889 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Sterne JA and Egger M (2001) Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis: guidelines on choice of axis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 54: 1046–55. 10.1016/S0895-4356(01)00377-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Sterne JA, Gavaghan D and Egger M (2000) Publication and related bias in meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 53: 1119–29. 10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00242-0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Tang JL and Liu JLY (2000) Misleading funnel plot for detection of bias in meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 53: 477–84. 10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00204-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Terrin N, Schmid CH, Lau J and Olkin I (2003) Adjusting for publication bias in the presence of heterogeneity. Statistics in Medicine 22: 2113–26. 10.1002/sim.1461 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume25, Issue2June 2008Pages 100-101 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Erich Flammer

A short note on detection of and adjusting for publication bias in meta‐analysis

元分析中发表偏倚的检测与调整简述

Contemporary HypnosisVolume 26, Issue 4 p. 185-186 Editorial Editorial: hypnosis and the European perspective II John Gruzelier, John Gruzelier Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UKSearch for more papers by this authorBurkhard Peter, Burkhard Peter Munich, GermanySearch for more papers by this author John Gruzelier, John Gruzelier Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UKSearch for more papers by this authorBurkhard Peter, Burkhard Peter Munich, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 November 2009 https://doi.org/10.1002/ch.393AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume26, Issue4December 2009Pages 185-186 RelatedInformation

John Gruzelier

Burkhard Peter

Editorial: hypnosis and the European perspective II

编者按：催眠与欧洲视角 II

Abstract The field of spiritual and transpersonal psychotherapy and hypnotherapy can be divided into three major categories: research of near‐death and out‐of‐body experiences; past life experiences; and spiritual interpretations in accordance with the patient's beliefs. The present article suggests a fourth category, spiritual interpretations not in accordance with the patient's beliefs. Three cases are reported, and the curative force of the interpretations is discussed. Copyright © 2009 British Society of Experimental &amp; Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Arnon Zahi

Spiritual‐transpersonal hypnosis

灵性‐超个人催眠

Abstract Mindfulness, an old Buddhist practice, has gained an importance in psychotherapy such as in Hakomi, cognitive therapy or in ‘Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction’. Mindfulness is described as being composed of four essential components: (1) attention, concentration, meta‐awareness, (2) the internal observer and disidentification, (3) attention to the present moment and beginner's mind, (4) acceptance, equanimity and nonjudging. Hypnosis and mindfulness relate to each other in a complementary way in many dimensions and create spectrums between: (1) absorption – open awareness, (2) dissociation – disidentification, (3) suggestibility – consensus consciousness – awakening, (4) goal‐ and change‐orientation – exploration – equanimity and acceptance, (5) lack of consciousness – hidden observer – internal observer, (6) regression – progression – experiencing the present moment, (7) top‐down‐interventions – bottom‐up‐interventions, (8) doing‐mode – being‐mode. In hypnosis these full spectrums can be used. Moreover, in the dimension of the therapeutic relationship, a mindful therapist can be beneficial for the therapeutic process, for example to support mindfulness and the internal observer and acceptance in the client and for the creation of corrective experiences. Aspects of interpersonal neurobiology of mindfulness and difficulties in making a comparison between hypnosis and mindfulness at the neurophysiological level are discussed. Copyright © 2009 British Society of Experimental &amp; Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Michael E. Harrer

Mindfulness and the mindful therapist: possible contributions to hypnosis

正念与正念治疗师：对催眠的可能贡献

Abstract Although the concept of ‘lucid dreaming’ was first coined by Frederik Willems van Eeden, a Dutch psychiatrist, and introduced at the meeting of The Society for Psychical Research held on 22 April 1913, the phenomenon of lucid dreaming was already known in earlier historical periods and its descriptions can be found in writings of Aristotle. However, modern lucid dreaming research was established only after LaBerge introduced his method for physiological investigation of lucid dreaming through eye signals in 1980. Current attempts in the field are directed at defining the neuro‐physiological correlates of lucid dreaming, an aim that still has yet to be achieved. One of the possible applications of lucid dreaming is in the field of psychotherapy where it is usually used in treating nightmares. However, other possible therapeutic potentials of lucid dreaming are still in the process of being discovered and therefore constitute a fertile area for future researchers. Copyright © 2009 British Society of Experimental &amp; Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Brigitte Holzinger

Lucid dreaming – dreams of clarity

清醒梦——清晰的梦境

Abstract Light and sound effects have frequently been used for the induction of altered states of consciousness. Turning on and off light or sound leads to short‐term excitation of the central nervous system, while longer lasting stimulation has led to drowsiness and mixed alpha‐theta activity and to bodily relaxation with increased skin resistance, decreased EMG activity and a decreased salivary cortisol level; though an increased salivary IgA level and output of the salivary chaperone Hsp70 have also been reported. At the same time a strong trance inducing ability of photic stimulation (10 min) has been demonstrated. In open clinical studies orofacial psychosomatic patients have been treated: Atypical facial pain (n = 20) recovered in 34.9 %, improvement occurred in 40.4 %, with no effect in 24.7 %. Initial psychogenic denture intolerance (n = 9) symptoms recovered in 44.4 %, improvement occurred in 33.3 %, with no effect in 22.2 %. Chronic denture intolerance (n = 14) symptoms recovered in 21.4 %, improvement occurred in 50.0 %, with no effect in 28.6 %. In hyposalivation cases (n = 4), a significant increase of salivary flow rate and protein concentration occurred in 2/4. However, randomized controlled trials that might support the application of photo‐acoustic stimulation are still lacking. Copyright © 2009 British Society of Experimental &amp; Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Tibor Károly Fábián

Krisztina J. Kovács

Laura Gótai

Anita Beck

Wolf‐Rainer Krause

Pál Fejérdy

Photo‐acoustic stimulation: theoretical background and ten years of clinical experience

光声刺激：理论背景与十年临床经验

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Contemporary Hypnosis

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The therapist as a travelling companion to the chronically ill: hypnosis and cancer related symptoms

Effectiveness of an hypnotic imagery intervention on reducing alexithymia

The effects of translation and sex on hypnotizability testing

The use of virtual reality hypnosis with two cases of autism spectrum disorder: a feasibility study

A short note on detection of and adjusting for publication bias in meta‐analysis

Editorial: hypnosis and the European perspective II

Spiritual‐transpersonal hypnosis

Mindfulness and the mindful therapist: possible contributions to hypnosis

Lucid dreaming – dreams of clarity

Photo‐acoustic stimulation: theoretical background and ten years of clinical experience