OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL 是一份经过同行评审的期刊，出版的手稿反映了世界各地的职业治疗实践。考虑发表研究报告或原创概念论文。将优先发表那些为循证实践提供建议并证明特定治疗方法有效性的研究。还鼓励评估治疗效果的单一主题案例研究。适合该杂志的其他主题包括临床仪器的可靠性和有效性、辅助技术、社区康复、文化比较、健康促进和健康。

Occupational Therapy International is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes manuscripts reflecting occupational therapy practices from around the world. We welcome submissions of research reports and original concept papers, particularly those that provide evidence-based recommendations and demonstrate the effectiveness of specific treatment methods. Single-subject case studies evaluating treatment outcomes are also encouraged. Other suitable topics for the journal include the reliability and validity of clinical instruments, assistive technology, community rehabilitation, cultural comparisons, health promotion, and wellness.

《Occupational Therapy International》是一本经过同行评审的期刊，发表的手稿反映了全球职业治疗的实践。我们欢迎研究报告和原创概念论文的投稿，特别是那些为循证实践提供建议并证明特定治疗方法有效性的研究。此外，我们也鼓励单一主题案例研究，以评估治疗效果。适合本期刊的其他主题包括临床仪器的可靠性和有效性、辅助技术、社区康复、文化比较、健康促进等。

Occupational Therapy International

Abstract In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of virtual reality‐based bilateral upper extremity training (VRBT) on paretic upper limb function and muscle strength in patients with stroke. Eighteen stroke survivors were assigned to either the VRBT group ( n = 10) or the bilateral upper limb training group (BT, n = 8). Patients in the VRBT group performed bilateral upper extremity exercises in a virtual reality environment, whereas those in the BT group performed conventional bilateral upper extremity exercises. All training was conducted for 30 minutes day −1 , 3 days a week, for a period of 6 weeks. Patients were assessed for upper extremity function and hand strength. Compared with the BT group, the VRBT group exhibited significant improvements in upper extremity function and muscle strength ( p &lt; 0.05) after the 6‐week training programme. The Box and Block test results revealed that upper extremity function and elbow flexion in hand strength were significantly improved in terms of group, time and interaction effect of group by time. Furthermore, the VRBT group demonstrated significant improvements in upper extremity function, as measured by the Jebsen Hand Function Test and Grooved Pegboard test, and in the hand strength test, as measured by elbow extension, grip, palmar pinch, lateral pinch and tip pinch, in both time and the interaction effect of group by time. These results suggest that VRBT is a feasible and beneficial means of improving upper extremity function and muscle strength in individuals following stroke. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Suhyun Lee

Yumi Kim

Byoung‐Hee Lee

Effect of Virtual Reality‐based Bilateral Upper Extremity Training on Upper Extremity Function after Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

基于虚拟现实的双侧上肢训练对脑卒中后上肢功能的影响：一项随机对照临床试验

Background. Stroke causes severe disability, including motor and sensory impairments. We hypothesized that upper limb functional recovery after stroke may be augmented by combining treatments for motor and sensory functions. In order to examine this hypothesis, we conducted a controlled trial on rehabilitation for sensory function to the plegic hand. Methods. The sensory training program consisted of several types of discrimination tasks performed under blind conditions. The sensory training program was performed for 20 min per day, 5 days a week. An experimental group of 31 patients followed this sensory program, while a control group of 25 patients underwent standard rehabilitation. The efficacy of the intervention was evaluated by the tactile-pressure threshold, handgrip strength, and the completion time of manipulating objects. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess interactions between group and time. Moreover, to provide a meaningful analysis for comparisons, effect sizes were calculated using Cohen’s <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math>. Results. The mean change in the tactile pressure threshold was significantly larger in the experimental group than in the control group (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.59</mml:mn></mml:math>). Moreover, the completion times to manipulate a middle-sized ball (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.53</mml:mn></mml:math>) and small ball (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.80</mml:mn></mml:math>) and a small metal disc (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.81</mml:mn></mml:math>) in the experimental group were significantly different from those in the control group (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>). Conclusion. The present results suggest that the sensory training program to enhance finger discrimination ability contributes to improvements in not only sensory function but also manual function in stroke patients. The trial is registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry ( UMIN000032025 ).

Naho Umeki

Jun Murata

Misako Higashijima

Effects of Training for Finger Perception on Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Upper Limbs in Acute Stroke Patients

急性卒中患者手指感知训练对偏瘫上肢功能恢复的影响

Introduction: Poor fit between the work environment and work expectations is associated with high levels of workplace‐related stress. Work stress in occupational therapy has been attributed to the nature of the profession and various other workplace‐related factors. Workplace‐related stress leading to burnout has been found to be higher in early career occupational therapists with less than 5 years of experience. This study explored workplace factors that result in poor person–work environment fit in six work–life areas in South African early career occupational therapists. Methods: A descriptive electronic survey design was used to access a sample of South African 261 occupational therapists with 2–5 years of work experience. The Area of Work–Life Survey (AWS) considers six work–life areas: control, workload, community, rewards, values, and fairness, which were used to collect data. Data were analysed to determine low, moderate, and high work environment fit for workplace factors including employment setting, field of practice, years’ experience, time with current organization, and hours worked. Results: Of the six work–life areas, only the scores for workload fell below the norm for the respondents. All six work–life areas were impacted by employment settings, with respondents in public health hospitals and clinics indicating significantly low person–environment fit in most areas. Respondents in physical rehabilitation had a significantly low fit for workload, as did years of experience, length of time with organization, and hours worked. Fairness had a low fit for physical rehabilitation and medicolegal fields of practice. Conclusion: Workload impacted workplace‐related stress in respondents with scores below the norm on the AWS for this work–life area. Although some work‐related factors affected workplace‐related stress, the overall scores for the other work–life areas were above the norm, with only respondents in public service settings and in the field of physical rehabilitation reporting low work environment fit.

Patricia de Witt

Morgann Bruce

Marica Botha

Denise Franzsen

Early Career South African Occupational Therapists’ Perceptions of Person–Environment Fit in Work–Life Areas That Influence Work Stress

南非职业治疗师早期职业生涯中对影响工作压力的工作生活领域中人-环境契合度的看法

Background and Purpose : The present study is aimed at evaluating the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on Iranian adolescents’ participation in various domains of life. The electronic version of the Iranian Adolescent Participation Assessment Tool‐COVID‐19 (IAPAT‐C) was developed and validated for this purpose. Methods : This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the electronic version of the IAPAT‐C was developed and validated through a methodological study involving five stages: content validity review, cognitive interviews, item analysis, structural validity assessment using confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analysis. The tool was adapted from the previously validated IAPAT and revalidated for this study. In the second phase, the effects of COVID‐19 on adolescents’ participation were evaluated using a longitudinal one group before and after comparative design. The study involved 654 adolescents aged 13–18, and the data were analyzed using SPSS19 and G ∗ Power 3 software. Results : The IAPAT‐C evaluates the participation of Iranian adolescents in 54 daily life activities before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. It utilizes a 5‐point Likert scale and was validated through an expert panel review for content validity. Additionally, cognitive interviews with six adolescents confirmed its comprehensibility, relevance, and comprehensiveness. Item analysis, based on data from 38 participants, demonstrated strong interitem correlations (0.6–0.94) and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha &gt; 0.7). The tool’s structural validity was supported by confirmatory factor analysis, which showed that the measurement model was a good fit. Convergent and discriminant validity of model constructs were also confirmed. Notably, COVID‐19 significantly impacted all aspects of adolescents’ lives, except for work. Conclusion : The electronic version of the IAPAT‐C was valid and reliable. COVID‐19 significantly affected various aspects of Iranian adolescents’ daily lives. Accordingly, it is necessary to provide appropriate interventions and policies for this sensitive class.

Ghodsiyeh Joveini

Laleh Lajevardi

Mitra Khalafbeigi

Afsoon Hasani Mehraban

Armin Zareiyan

Impact of COVID‐19 on the Participation of Iranian Adolescents in Daily Life: Development and Validation of the IAPAT‐C Tool

COVID‐19对伊朗青少年日常生活参与的影响：IAPAT‐C工具的开发与验证

This study's purpose was to determine the impact of weighted blanket use on moderate to severe insomnia in adults with sensory sensitivity greater than the average population.For this study, a four-week, single-case, multiple-participant ABA study design was used. Through convenience sampling, four participants scoring 15 or greater on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), which categorizes them as having moderate to severe insomnia, and much more than most people in sensory sensitivity on the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile were recruited. First, seven-day baseline sleep data was gathered, followed by two weeks of weighted blanket use, concluding with a seven-day withdrawal phase. Additional outcome measures included: Tuck and Snooze Survey, Consensus Sleep Diary Morning, and Additional Sleep Diary Questions. Data analysis included visual analysis, mean comparisons, Tau-U calculations, and pre- to post-ISI category comparisons.All participants' ISI scores were categorized as one level less severe postintervention. All participants demonstrated increased sleep quality, and three participants showed an increase in sleep duration based on individual mean comparisons between baseline and intervention phases.Weighted blankets appear beneficial in reducing insomnia severity in adults with much more than the average population sensory sensitivity. In addition, those with self-reported anxiety may have increased benefit from this intervention.

Rhonda Davis-Cheshire

Savannah Bennington

Allison Hartsek

Teresa Kelly

Janeene Marinelli

Amanda Perez

The Impact of Weighted Blanket Use on Adults with Sensory Sensitivity and Insomnia

加权毯使用对感觉敏感和失眠成年人的影响

Inclusive education has increased the demand for school-based occupational therapy services and has reconceptualised the practice in mainstream schools. Therapists are now expected to work collaboratively with teachers within tiered intervention models to support access and participation of all students, including those with disabilities, within the natural classroom context. School-based occupational therapy has become a specialised area of practice, as therapists work within educational, rather than health, systems and processes. While the growth in demand and expanded scope of practice is positive for the profession, predicted workforce shortages and the necessity for specialised and enhanced practice present significant challenges. The ability of the profession to fully support the demands of an inclusive education system remains unclear. As accurate, up-to-date information on the school-based therapy workforce is the foundation for planning future personnel needs, knowledge of the current state of the workforce is critical. There is a paucity of national data regarding this growing area of practice. The aim of this study is to describe a current profile of school-based occupational therapists to better understand the workforce, practice patterns, and the funding landscape in Australia. A convenient and purposive sample of 108 Australian paediatric occupational therapists working in mainstream primary schools in New South Wales, Queensland, and Victoria was surveyed in this quantitative study, which was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results provide some insights into the workforce and practice of school-based therapy in Australia offering preliminary data for future planning in this important and growing area of paediatric practice. While specific to the local context, results invite cross-national and global comparison to reveal universal trends and localised nuances across diverse settings.

Jill Jeremy

Ilektra Spandagou

Joanne Hinitt

A Profile of Occupational Therapists Working in School-Based Practice in Australian Primary Schools

澳大利亚小学学校为基础的作业治疗师概况

Background. Developing client self-advocacy is in occupational therapy’s (OT) scope of practice; however, there is limited understanding of if, or how, occupational therapists learn about self-advocacy interventions as well as implement self-advocacy into clinical practice. Objective. This study sought to identify if and how therapists learn about self-advocacy intervention approaches and identify if and how therapists implement self-advocacy into their work with clients. Method. A survey was distributed via email to academic and professional listservs in the United States, and data were collected using REDCap survey software. Descriptive statistics were analyzed data using REDCap/SPSS. Comparative statistics, Kruskal-Wallis’s tests, Chi-square tests for independence, and Pearson’s correlation tests analyzed differences across groups of respondents. Results. Practicing and licensed occupational therapists ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>138</mn></math> ) across the United States completed the survey. Findings indicate a majority (59.5%) of occupational therapists not learning strategies for addressing or developing client self-advocacy. Of significance, 21.7% of participants had never been exposed to concepts of client self-advocacy in academic or clinical education. Practitioners who did address self-advocacy did so indirectly through teaching-related skills (76.6%). Conclusion. Many clients of OT will need self-advocacy skills in order to address issues of exclusion and discrimination that prohibit full participation in society. Occupational therapists must prioritize incorporating client self-advocacy into curricula and clinical practice.

Laura VanPuymbrouck

Emily M. Chun

Elizabeth D. Hesse

Kelsey Ranneklev

Camila Sanchez

Developing Client Self-Advocacy in Occupational Therapy: Are We Practicing What We Preach?

职业治疗中发展客户自我倡导：我们是否在践行所宣扬的理念？

Occupational therapy is a profession with origins rooted in Western values. As culture plays an important role in shaping theory and practice, the curriculum design of academic programs that train future rehabilitation professionals should reflect the local context. As part of an international partnership, a dual-degree graduate program in occupational therapy was established between a Chinese and an American university. A team composed of members from both institutions collaborated on culturally adapting an entry-level master’s program in occupational therapy for China, based on a U.S. program, which welcomed its first cohort in September 2019. This article details the timeline and process of program design and adaptation from conception, through implementation to evaluation and revision, with the aim of offering a framework for curriculum adaptation of other academic programs in the U.S. and internationally. The adapted curriculum includes the program mission, vision, and philosophy; the curriculum model with program outcomes and threads; the program scope and sequence; materials and resources; and course-specific objectives, learning activities, and assessments. The authors also share lessons learned through this experience of international collaboration as well as next steps for program evaluation and sustainability. The detailed overview of this international collaboration offers suggestions for individuals and institutions seeking to develop global partnerships and adapt curricula across cultural contexts.

Julie McLaughlin Gray

Ling Yu (Elena) Meng

Adley Chan

Cameron Chang

Yijun Liu

Liguo Qian

Hui Wang

Ninghua Wang

Yanyan Yang

Mouwang Zhou

Grace T. Baranek

Applying Concepts of Curriculum Design and Cultural Adaptation: Collaborating on a Dual-Degree Occupational Therapy Program in Mainland China

应用课程设计与文化适应理念：合作开展中国大陆双学位职业治疗项目

Background. Korean university students (KUS) face numerous challenges that can jeopardize their well-being, including academic stress, peer pressure, irregular sleep patterns, unhealthy eating habits, lack of physical exercise, and difficulties in time management, resulting in unhealthy habits and fluctuations in lifestyle. Consequently, there is a growing need for interventions tailored to this population. Aim. This study explored the effects of a Lifestyle Redesign (LR) intervention on Korean university students’ well-being including occupational participation, satisfaction, perceived stress levels, and quality of life. Method. A quasi-experimental study with 33 KUS (17 intervention, 16 control) assessed the effects of a 10-week LR intervention on well-being of the students. Pre- and postintervention changes were measured using Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Stress Response Inventory (SRI), and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF). The intervention, delivered by trained OTs, comprised of individual and group sessions. Results. Statistically significant improvement was observed in occupational performance. While statistical significance was not consistently achieved in the rest of other areas, the LR group displayed positive trends. The LR group exhibited higher COPM satisfaction scores, lower SRI scores (indicating reduced stress), and elevated WHOQOL-BREF scores compared to the control group. Conclusion. This study contributes to the understanding of the importance of addressing lifestyle changes and habits in the well-being of university students, especially in the context of academic stress and peer pressure. Future research with larger, more diverse samples and extended intervention periods may offer further insights into the benefits of LR programs in university settings.

Sun-Joung Leigh An

Gyu-Rin Kim

A Quasi-Experimental Study Investigating the Impact of a Lifestyle Redesign Program on the Well-Being of Korean University Students

一项准实验研究：探究生活方式重塑计划对韩国大学生幸福感的影响

Background and Purpose. Leisure, as an occupation, played a crucial role in promoting individuals’ health and well-being. However, the specific impact of leisure as an intervention for individuals with substance use disorder remains unclear. This pilot study was aimed at investigating the effect of a leisure intervention on occupational performance and occupational balance in individuals with substance use disorder. Methods. The sample for this quasiexperimental pretest–posttest with a two-month follow-up design comprised nine individuals aged between 18 and 55 years, selected using a convenience sampling method. The intervention consisted of a 2-month group leisure participation program, conducted twice a week, followed by a 2-month follow-up period. Primary outcome measures included occupational performance and occupational balance, and secondary outcome measures were leisure participation, quality of life, and drug craving. Outcome measures were assessed three times: preintervention, postintervention, and after the follow-up period. The outcome measures included the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Occupational Balance Questionnaire-11 (OBQ11), Nottingham Leisure Questionnaire (NLQ), 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Desire to Drug Questionnaire (DDQ). Data analysis was performed using the Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test as a post hoc procedure, with a significance level set at 5%. Results. The findings showed significant improvements in participants’ occupational performance in postintervention and follow-up assessments ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mi>p</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0.01</mn></math> , <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.59</mn></math> ) and better occupational balance from pre- to postintervention ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mi>p</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0.01</mn></math> , <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.59</mn></math> ) and after the follow-up period ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mi>p</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0.01</mn></math> , <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.60</mn></math> ). Furthermore, significant enhancements were observed in leisure participation, quality of life, and a reduction in drug craving. Conclusion. The findings indicate that leisure intervention positively impacted both occupational performance and occupational balance, suggesting its potential as a beneficial therapeutic approach for individuals with substance use disorder. Additional research is warranted to delve deeper into and validate the effectiveness of leisure intervention within this specific population.

Majid Farhadian

Malahat Akbarfahimi

Peyman Hassani Abharian

Farzaneh Yazdani

The Effect of Leisure Intervention on Occupational Performance and Occupational Balance in Individuals with Substance Use Disorder: A Pilot Study

休闲干预对物质使用障碍者职业表现和职业平衡的影响：一项初步研究

Abbreviation	Occup. Ther. Int.
Journal Impact	1.21
Quartiles(Global)	REHABILITATION(Q3)

ISSN	0966-7903, 1557-0703
h-index	45

Publication Information	Publisher: Hindawi Limited，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 1994，Proportion of original research papers: 98.36%，Self Citation Rate:23.10%， Gold OA Rate: 100.00%
Journal Fees	$1550Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：>12周，或约稿
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Occupational Therapy International

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