《英国生物医学科学杂志》致力于发表代表生物医学科学实践明显进步的高质量原创研究，以及总结生物医学科学领域最新进展的评论。该杂志的总体目标是为传播有关疾病诊断和管理的新信息和创新信息提供一个平台，这些信息对执业实验室科学家很有价值。

The British Journal of Biomedical Science is dedicated to publishing high-quality original research that represents significant advancements in the practice of biomedical science, as well as review articles summarizing the latest developments in the field. The overall aim of the journal is to provide a platform for disseminating new and innovative information regarding disease diagnosis and management, which is valuable to practicing laboratory scientists.

《British Journal of Biomedical Science》致力于发表高质量的原创研究，这些研究代表了生物医学科学实践的显著进步。同时，期刊也欢迎对生物医学科学领域最新进展的评论文章。该杂志的主要目标是为传播有关疾病诊断和管理的新信息和创新提供一个平台，这些信息对执业实验室科学家具有重要价值。

British Journal of Biomedical Science

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has now emerged as a chronic public health problem globally, with the forecast of 10 million deaths per year globally by 2050. AMR occurs when viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites do not respond to antimicrobial treatments in humans and animals, thus allowing the survival of the microorganism within the host. The prominent cause contributing to the current crisis remains to be the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials, particularly the inappropriate usage of antibiotics, increasing the global burden of antimicrobial resistance. The global consumption and usage of antibiotics are therefore closely monitored at all times. This review provides a current overview of the implications of strategies used by international governmental organisations, including the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), to address the problem of antibiotic resistance, as well as the “One Health Approach,” a system incorporating a multidisciplinary effort to achieve the best possible health outcome by acknowledging the clear connections between humans, animals and their shared environment. The importance of public awareness and health literacy of lay audiences still needs to be further emphasised as part of global and local action plans. Antimicrobial resistance continues to be a major global public health dilemma of the 21st century. Already this topic is receiving substantial political input from the G7 countries and continues to be on the agenda of numerous political conferences. The consequences of failure to adequately address AMR are profound, with estimations of a return to the pre-antibiotic era, where everyday infections relating to childbirth, surgery and open fractured limbs could be potentially life-threatening. AMR itself represents a microcosm of factors, including social anthropology, civil unrest/war, diasporas, ethnic displacement, political systems, healthcare, economics, societal behaviour both at a population and individual level, health literacy, geoclimatic events, global travel and pharmaceutical innovation and investment, thus finding a solution that adequately addresses AMR and which helps stem further AMR emergence is complicated. Success will involve individuals, communities and nations all working together to ensure that the world continues to possess a sufficient armamentarium of effective antimicrobials that will sustain human and animal health, both now and in the future.

Ka Wah Kelly Tang

Beverley C. Millar

John E. Moore

Br J Biomed Sci

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）

Skin disorders pose a significant health burden globally, affecting millions of individuals across diverse demographics. Advancements in molecular techniques have revolutionised our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of skin disorders, offering insights into their pathogenesis, diagnosis, and potential targeted treatment. Furthermore, the integration of molecular diagnostics into clinical practice has enhanced the accuracy of skin disorder diagnoses. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), next-generation sequencing (NGS), and other molecular assays have allowed for the detection of infectious agents, assessment of genetic mutations, and profile gene expression patterns with unequalled precision. These techniques have proven instrumental in distinguishing between subtypes of skin cancers, aiding treatment strategies and prognostic assessments. Moreover, molecular profiling is increasingly guiding the selection of therapeutic agents, ensuring a personalised and effective approach to managing skin disorders. The application of PCR has revolutionised the field by enabling the identification of microbial DNA (i.e., Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Epstein-Barr Virus) in skin infections and detecting specific genetic mutations associated with dermatological disorders (e.g., BRAF). DNA sequencing technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, have facilitated the elucidation of genetic variations and mutations in skin diseases (i.e., bullous disorders), paving the way for personalised treatment approaches. Gene expression profiling techniques, such as microarrays and RNA sequencing, have provided insights into dysregulated pathways and molecular signatures associated with conditions ranging from inflammatory skin disorders to cutaneous malignancies. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization have proven invaluable in determining protein expression patterns and detecting chromosomal abnormalities, respectively, aiding in the characterization of skin lesions in conjunction with the molecular data. Proteomic studies have contributed to understanding the intricate protein networks involved in dermatological conditions (i.e., psoriasis), while epigenetic analyses have shed light on the role of epigenetic modifications in gene regulation within skin cancer (i.e., Malignant Melanoma). Together, these molecular techniques have laid the groundwork for targeted therapies and precision medicine in dermatology, with implications for improved diagnostics and treatment outcomes. This review focuses on the routinely employed molecular techniques within dermatopathology, with a focus on cutaneous malignancies, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and neonatal screening which can be implemented in the diagnosis and contribute to improved patient care.

J. A. Gabriel

N. Weerasinghe

P. Balachandran

R. Salih

G. E. Orchard

A Narrative Review of Molecular, Immunohistochemical and In-Situ Techniques in Dermatopathology

皮肤病理学中分子、免疫组织化学和原位技术综述

Mitochondria, known as the cell’s powerhouse, play a critical role in energy production, cellular maintenance, and stemness regulation in non-cancerous cells. Despite their importance, using drug delivery systems to target the mitochondria presents significant challenges due to several barriers, including cellular uptake limitations, enzymatic degradation, and the mitochondrial membranes themselves. Additionally, barriers in the organs to be targetted, along with extracellular barriers formed by physiological processes such as the reticuloendothelial system, contribute to the rapid elimination of nanoparticles designed for mitochondrial-based drug delivery. Overcoming these challenges has led to the development of various strategies, such as molecular targeting using cell-penetrating peptides, genomic editing, and nanoparticle-based systems, including porous carriers, liposomes, micelles, and Mito-Porters. Porous carriers stand out as particularly promising candidates as drug delivery systems for targeting the mitochondria due to their large pore size, surface area, and ease of functionalisation. Depending on the pore size, they can be classified as micro-, meso-, or macroporous and are either ordered or non-ordered based on both size and pore uniformity. Several methods are employed to target the mitochondria using porous carriers, such as surface modifications with polyethylene glycol (PEG), incorporation of targeting ligands like triphenylphosphonium, and capping the pores with gold nanoparticles or chitosan to enable controlled and triggered drug delivery. Photodynamic therapy is another approach, where drug-loaded porous carriers generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to enhance mitochondrial targeting. Further advancements have been made in the form of functionalised porous silica and carbon nanoparticles, which have demonstrated potential for effective drug delivery to mitochondria. This review highlights the various approaches that utilise porous carriers, specifically focusing on silica-based systems, as efficient vehicles for targeting mitochondria, paving the way for improved drug delivery strategies in mitochondrial therapies.

Mohamad Anas Al Tahan

Sana Al Tahan

Pioneering Advances and Innovative Applications of Mesoporous Carriers for Mitochondria-Targeted Therapeutics

介孔载体在靶向线粒体治疗中的开创性进展与创新应用

In this report, we describe a case of homozygous delta-beta (δβ) thalassaemia, a rare genetic disorder characterized by severe deficiency in delta (δ) and beta (β)-globin chain production, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis and chronic haemolytic anaemia. The patient, a 26-year-old female with δβ-thalassaemia, experienced a miscarriage. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed 89.5% foetal haemoglobin (HbF) and 14.4% glycated HbF. Sebia capillary electrophoresis showed haemoglobin peak of 97.2% and 2.8%. Kleihauer Bekte test indicated a pancellular pattern of foetal cells, while morphology analysis demonstrated microcytic, hypochromic red cells and target cells. Gene analysis confirmed compound heterozygosity for two large deletions in the β-globin gene cluster.

Hala Shokr

Mandeep Kaur Marwah

Hisam Siddiqi

Christine Wright

Sukhjinder Marwah

Homozygous Delta-Beta Thalassaemia With Alpha Thalassaemia and Erythrocytosis- a Rare Case Report

α地中海贫血合并纯合子δβ地中海贫血及红细胞增多症——一例罕见病例报告

Biomedical scientists (BMS) can report sample adequacy during EBUS TBNA using rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). Despite being able to report exfoliative samples such as pleural fluid cytology and bronchial washings, they are usually not permitted to offer a preliminary diagnostic impression of EBUS TBNA samples. Experienced biomedical scientists can provide a reliable diagnostic impression during ROSE for EBUS samples, with sensitivity and specificity comparable to cytopathologist reporting. This work represents an advance in biomedical science because it provides evidence a BMS can safely and accurately provide a real time cytopathological impression from EBUS TBNA sampling, which could positively impact patient pathways.

Carolyn Mercer

Kate Brackenborough

Colette Davidson

Tosia Nisar

Behdad Shambayati

Rupinder Cunningham

Ben Howarth

Anita Jayadev

Rapid Onsite Evaluation: A Prospective Observational Study of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspirates to Expedite Diagnosis

快速现场评估：一项前瞻性观察性研究，探讨经支气管内超声引导下经支气管针吸术以加速诊断

Background Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) interfere with coagulation assays potentially leading to inaccurate results. This study determined the effectiveness of DOAC-stop® and DOAC-remove® in overcoming DOAC interference. It aimed to investigate the extent to which apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran had an effect on thrombophilia and lupus tests using normal plasma, as well as whether DOACs interfere with true-positive results by testing abnormal controls. Methods Apixaban (0.03 mg/mL), rivaroxaban (0.01 mg/mL), and dabigatran (0.019 mg/mL) stock solutions were made and added to the normal pool at three different concentrations (200, 400 and 600 ng/mL) and to the abnormal controls at a single concentration. These samples and untreated DOAC controls were tested before and after adding either DOAC-stop® or DOAC-remove®. The measured parameters included protein C, protein S, antithrombin III (ATIII), DRVVS, DRVVC, PTT-LA and DOAC concentration. The normal pool spiked with DOAC was repeated seven times for each DOAC at each concentration level and the abnormal controls spiked with DOAC were repeated four times at a single concentration level for each DOAC. Results In the normal pool, dabigatran and rivaroxaban affected all lupus anticoagulant tests, whereas apixaban only affected DRVVS and DRVVC. While dabigatran led to false-positive protein S deficiency and falsely elevated ATIII. Both DOAC-stop® and DOAC-remove® brought the thrombophilia results and all falsely elevated lupus anticoagulant results back within the normal range for apixaban and rivaroxaban. For dabigatran all the affected lupus anticoagulant tests remained abnormal following DOAC-remove®, unlike DOAC-stop® treatment, where only DRVVS and DRVVC at 600 ng/mL remained abnormal. In abnormal controls, all DOACs falsely elevated the lupus anticoagulant tests, whereas dabigatran caused false negative ATIII results, that were corrected (remained abnormal) with DOAC-stop® and DOAC-remove®. DOAC-stop® showed a greater reduction in lupus anticoagulant results than DOAC-remove®, causing a false-negative DRVVT ratio for rivaroxaban. Conclusion DOAC-stop® is more effective than DOAC-remove® in removing all DOACs below the reference range, whereas DOAC-remove® failed to remove dabigatran.

Noor-E.-Huddah Malik

Andrew Ward

Beth Erskine

Comparing the Effect of DOAC-Stop® and DOAC-Remove® on Apixaban, Rivaroxaban and Dabigatran Prior to Thrombophilia and Lupus Testing

比较DOAC-Stop®和DOAC-Remove®在血栓形成倾向和狼疮检测前对阿哌沙班、利伐沙班和达比加群的影响

Abbreviation	Br. J. Biomed. Sci.
Journal Impact	2.78
Quartiles(Global)	MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY(Q2)

ISSN	0967-4845, 2474-0896
h-index	48

Publication Information	Publisher: Institute of Biomedical Science (IBMS)，Publishing cycle: Quarterly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1993，Proportion of original research papers: 82.14%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 70.73%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：>12周，或约稿
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

British Journal of Biomedical Science

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Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

A Narrative Review of Molecular, Immunohistochemical and In-Situ Techniques in Dermatopathology

Pioneering Advances and Innovative Applications of Mesoporous Carriers for Mitochondria-Targeted Therapeutics

Homozygous Delta-Beta Thalassaemia With Alpha Thalassaemia and Erythrocytosis- a Rare Case Report

Rapid Onsite Evaluation: A Prospective Observational Study of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspirates to Expedite Diagnosis

A Narrative Review of Molecular, Immunohistochemical and In-Situ Techniques in Dermatopathology

Homozygous Delta-Beta Thalassaemia With Alpha Thalassaemia and Erythrocytosis- a Rare Case Report

Pioneering Advances and Innovative Applications of Mesoporous Carriers for Mitochondria-Targeted Therapeutics

Rapid Onsite Evaluation: A Prospective Observational Study of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspirates to Expedite Diagnosis

Comparing the Effect of DOAC-Stop® and DOAC-Remove® on Apixaban, Rivaroxaban and Dabigatran Prior to Thrombophilia and Lupus Testing