Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences

Fungal proteases are valuable enzymes with significant industrial and biotechnological applications, including food processing, pharmaceuticals, and waste management. This study examines the biochemical profiles of Penicillium polonicum (PSC3) and Aspergillus niger (PSC5), focusing on their protein content, protease activity, and calcium concentration to understand factors affecting enzymatic efficiency. Results revealed that PSC5 had lower total protein content (4.45 mg/g) compared to PSC3 (8.87 mg/g) but exhibited higher protease activity (0.117 vs. 0.098), suggesting that PSC5’s enzymatic proteins are more efficient. Additionally, PSC5 showed higher calcium levels (128.6 mg/L) than PSC3 (114.5 mg/L), which correlated with the enhanced protease activity. The findings indicate that calcium may improve enzyme functionality by stabilizing its structure or acting as a cofactor. This study highlights the significance of enzyme quality over quantity and provides insights into optimizing protease activity in fungal systems.

SHILPA GAUTAM

VIRENDRA KUMAR PANDEY

DEEPAK MISHRA

Asian Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences

ENZYMATIC EFFICIENCY ABOUT PROTEIN CONTENT AND CALCIUM LEVELS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FUNGAL STRAINS

关于蛋白质含量和钙水平的酶效率：真菌菌株的比较分析

The present investigation was conducted to know the effect of different surface sterilization methods and different plant growth regulators on culture establishment from Pomegranate nodal explants of cv. Bhagwa with two factors: Sterilizing agents(S): 0.1% Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) and 1% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) each at two different timing intervals i.e., 5 min and 10 min and growth regulators(G) G1: BAP 2 mg L-1, G2: Kinetin 2 mg L-1, G3: 2-ip 2 mg L-1, G4: zeatin 2 mg L-1). The results revealed that highest percentage of uncontamination was recorded in S2: 0.1% HgCl2 for 10min (93.33%) with lowest fungal contamination (5.83%) and bacterial contamination (0.83%) with no significant effect of growth regulators on contamination. Highest regeneration efficiency was recorded in BAP 2 mg L-1 (58.33%) with individual effect of sterilizing agent HgCl2 at 0.1% for 5 min in less number of days (9.53).

T. VEERA NAGASUPRIYA

K. VENKATA LAXMI

None P. SAIDAIAH

VEENA JOSHI

M. GOPALA KRISHNA

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SURFACE STERILIZATION METHODS AND DIFFERENT PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON CULTURE ESTABLISHMENT FROM POMEGRANATE NODAL EXPLANTS OF cv. BHAGWA

不同表面消毒方法和植物生长调节剂对‘百格瓦’番石榴节点外植体培养建立的影响

Fungi that dwell inside the host plant’s tissue without damaging it are known as endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungal strains established in medicinal plants can create bioactive chemicals, particularly secondary metabolites. For several biological fields, they have been recognized as possible sources of new natural products. Research into endophytic fungi is still in its early phases, even though all plants seem to have fungi with some bioactive content and activity. In this study, endophytic fungi from Hultholia mimosoides were isolated, identified and their anti-microbial activity was assessed. Twelve morphologically distinct endophytic fungi isolated, were identified based on their ITS region of 18s RNA and the same was reported to GenBank. All the isolates subjected to ethyl acetate solvent extraction, in order to determine the anti-microbial activity. The endophytic fungi were identified through both macroscopic and microscopic examinations. The morphological characteristics and the microscopic observations aided in determining the endophytic fungi. These endophytes were further confirmed and classified as Fusarium chlamydosporum (OQ683919), Fusarium oxysporum (OQ683924), Diaporthe longicolla (OQ685299), Cladosporium herbarum (OQ685410), Aspergillus tubingensis (OQ685748), Fusarium solani (OQ685892), Penicillium madriti (OQ603494), Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (OQ678261), Fusarium oxysporum (OQ680483), Fusarium incarnatum (OQ680522), Fusarium equiseti (OQ680709), and Penicillium glabrum (OQ683918). In order to assess the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi against six tested bacterial pathogenic organisms, their crude metabolites were extracted using ethyl acetate solvent. The crude extracts of all endophytic fungi demonstrated antibacterial activity. Among them Penicillium glabrum (OQ683918) and Cladosporium herbarum (OQ685410) exhibited the highest zones of inhibition against the four bacterial pathogens.

None NINGARAJU S.

MANJULA ISHWARA KALYANI

ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI INHABITANTS OF HULTHOLIA MIMOSOIDES- ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

内生真菌居民的Hultholia mimosoide - 分离，鉴定和抗菌活性

After respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common infection in the community and healthcare settings, including hospitals. Klebsiella pneumonie causes second most UTIs after Escherichia coli. This pathogen has many virulence characteristics and is producing more resistant strains, including ESBL and Carbapenem-resistant strains. These resistant infections raise morbidity, death, and healthcare expenses. In this work, Klebsiella pneumoniae is isolated from urine samples from a tertiary care hospital and assessed for antimicrobial susceptibility. A tertiary care hospital retrospective analysis included all Klebsiella pneumoniae- positive urine samples collected in sterile containers by the microbiology laboratory from July to December 2023. The positive colonies were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using Modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. Over six months, 116 Klebsiella pneumoniaecontaining urine samples were processed. These isolates were 74.7% aztreonam-resistant, 73.8% amoxicillinclavulanate-resistant, and 50-60% cephalosporin-resistant. Meropenem, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ertapenem (100%sensitivity) were the most sensitive, followed by ceftazidime-avibactam (98%), nitrofurantoin (94%), and piperacillin-tazobactam (78.5%). Our investigation found substantial resistance to beta-lactam combination medicines and cephalosporins, possibly due to their frequent use. Reserve imipenem, Meropenem, or Ertapenem for hospital-acquired illnesses.

PALAK MOVALIYA

KRUNAL D. MEHTA

HIESH SHINGALA

SWATI JETHAVA

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERN OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE STRAINS ISOLATED FROM URINE SAMPLE IN GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL, WESTERN GUJARAT

西古吉拉特政府医院尿液样本中分离的肺炎克雷伯菌株的抗菌药物耐药性模式

Avian influenza poses a significant global threat due to its zoonotic potential and the associated economic losses in the poultry industry. Inactivated vaccines targeting various viral subtypes encounter challenges, particularly in distinguishing between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). The nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein of avian influenza is conserved across all subtypes (H1-H16) and is only translated during viral replication, making it a suitable candidate for DIVA strategies. In this study, NS1 gene (801 bp) of avian influenza H5N1 subtype was amplified in RT-PCR and cloned in pET 28b (+) vector. The recombinant expression of NS1 (rNS1) was achieved in E.coli BL21(DE3) cells with a size of 36 kDa. The rNS1 was purified by Ni-NTA 6x HIS affinity tag and characterized with specific band in western blot using positive reference sera. The immunogenicity of rNS1 was evaluated by immunizing 6-8 week-old chickens with 10 µg of rNS1 formulated with aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 adjuvant. The immune response was monitored through an optimized indirect ELISA using rNS1 protein, viral antigen and a virus neutralization test (VNT). A significant antibody response was detected 14 days post-immunization which remained stable until day 28. However, administration of a booster dose on day 21 failed in a substantial increase in antibody titers. Furthermore, sera collected on 14th, 21st and 28th day failed to neutralize the virus in VNT assays. These results indicate that the NS1 protein of avian influenza exhibits low immunogenicity, but it has potential utility in developing DIVA strategies for use with purified inactivated avian influenza vaccines.

ATUL KUMAR PATERIYA

REKHA KHANDIA

SANDEEP BHATIA

FATEH SINGH

PIYUSH SHARMA

DIVYANSHI GUPTA

H.V. MURUGKAR

ANIKET SANYAL

PROKARYOTIC EXPRESSION OF NON-STRUCTURAL 1 PROTEIN (NS1) OF AVIAN INFLUENZA (H5N1) VIRUS AND EVALUATION OF ITS IMMUNOGENICITY IN CHICKEN

禽流感（H5N1）病毒非结构1蛋白（NS1）的原核表达及其在鸡中免疫原性的评估

Publication Information	Publisher: Global Publications，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2001，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences

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ENZYMATIC EFFICIENCY ABOUT PROTEIN CONTENT AND CALCIUM LEVELS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FUNGAL STRAINS

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SURFACE STERILIZATION METHODS AND DIFFERENT PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON CULTURE ESTABLISHMENT FROM POMEGRANATE NODAL EXPLANTS OF cv. BHAGWA

ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI INHABITANTS OF HULTHOLIA MIMOSOIDES- ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERN OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE STRAINS ISOLATED FROM URINE SAMPLE IN GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL, WESTERN GUJARAT

PROKARYOTIC EXPRESSION OF NON-STRUCTURAL 1 PROTEIN (NS1) OF AVIAN INFLUENZA (H5N1) VIRUS AND EVALUATION OF ITS IMMUNOGENICITY IN CHICKEN

ENZYMATIC EFFICIENCY ABOUT PROTEIN CONTENT AND CALCIUM LEVELS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FUNGAL STRAINS

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SURFACE STERILIZATION METHODS AND DIFFERENT PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON CULTURE ESTABLISHMENT FROM POMEGRANATE NODAL EXPLANTS OF cv. BHAGWA

ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI INHABITANTS OF HULTHOLIA MIMOSOIDES- ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERN OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE STRAINS ISOLATED FROM URINE SAMPLE IN GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL, WESTERN GUJARAT

PROKARYOTIC EXPRESSION OF NON-STRUCTURAL 1 PROTEIN (NS1) OF AVIAN INFLUENZA (H5N1) VIRUS AND EVALUATION OF ITS IMMUNOGENICITY IN CHICKEN