Pharmacognosy Magazine

Background: The strategy that co-cultivation two microorganisms in a single confined environment were recently developed to generate new active natural products. In the study, two new cyclic tetrapeptides, cyclo (D-Pro-L-Tyr-L-Pro-L-Tyr) (1) and cyclo (Gly-L-Phe-L-Pro-L-Tyr) (2) were isolated from the co-culture broth of two mangrove fungi Phomopsis sp. K38 and Alternaria sp. E33. Their antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Rhzioctonia cerealis, Helminthosporium sativum and Fusarium graminearum was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Different column chromatographic techniques with different solvent systems were used to separate the constituents of the n-butyl alcohol extract of the culture broth. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were identified by analysis of spectroscopic data (one-dimensional, two-dimensional - nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry) and Marfey's analytic method. Dilution method was used for the evaluation of antifungal activity. Results: Compounds 1 and 2 were identified as cyclo (D-Pro-L-Tyr-L-Pro-L-Tyr) and cyclo (Gly-L-Phe-L-Pro-L-Tyr), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate to high antifungal activities as compared with the positive control. Conclusions: Compounds 1 and 2 are new cyclopeptides with moderate antifungal activity being worthy of consideration for the development and research of antifungal agents.

Chunyuan Li

DanielG Cox

Song Huang

Weijia Ding

Phcog Mag

Two new cyclopeptides from the co-culture broth of two marine mangrove fungi and their antifungal activity

两种海洋红树林真菌共培养液中的两种新环肽及其抗真菌活性

Enzyme inhibitors have been used for the clarification of biosynthesis of natural products. Catharanthus roseus cambial meristematic cell (CMC) culture has been established and proved to be a better monoterpeneindole alkaloid (MIA) producer than C. roseus dedifferentiated cell (DDC) culture. However, little is known about the inter-relationship of the MIA-biosynthetic genes with respect to their transcription.To clarify effects of alteration of one gene transcription on transcript levels of another genes in MIA-biosynthetic pathway, and how the accumulation of MIAs in CMCs are influenced by the alteration of their biosynthetic gene transcript levels.3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) inhibitor lovastatin and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) inhibitor clomazone were fed to C. roseus CMC cultures. The contents of MIAs were qualified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and the transcript levels of the relevant genes were measured by qRT-PCR.Lovastatin improved the accumulation of MIAs via increasing the transcription of their biosynthetic genes encoding DXS1, tryptonphan decarboxylase (TDC), loganic acid methyltransferase (LAMT), strictosidine synthase (STR), desacetoxyvindoline-4-hydroxylase (D4H) and ORCA3 (a jasmonate-responsive transcriptional regulator), whereas clomazone reduced the contents of MIAs and the mRNA levels of the corresponding genes.The biosynthesis of MIAs in C. roseus is is manipulated via a complex mechanism, the knowledge of which paves the way for rationally tuning metabolic flux to improve MIA production in C. roseus CMCs.

Yu Rongmin

Zi Jiachen

Zhou Pengfei

Zhu Jianhua

Enzyme inhibitors cause multiple effects on accumulation of monoterpene indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus cambial meristematic cell cultures

酶抑制剂对长春花形成层分生细胞培养中单萜吲哚生物碱积累的多种影响

Pharmacognosy Magazine,2018,14,56,297-307.DOI:10.4103/pm.pm_467_17Published:August 2018Type:Original ArticleAuthors:Hai-Bo He, Xiao-Mei Li, Dao-Jun Li, Yong-Hong Ding, Yong-Feng Zhang, Hai-Yan Xu, Min-Lu Feng, Chang-Qing Xiang, Ji-Gang Zhou, Ji-Hong Zhang, Hong-Jun Liu, and Mao-Hua Chen Author(s) affiliations:Hai-Bo He1, Xiao-Mei Li2, Dao-Jun Li3, Yong-Hong Ding2, Yong-Feng Zhang2, Hai-Yan Xu2, Min-Lu Feng2, Chang-Qing Xiang4, Ji-Gang Zhou5, Ji-Hong Zhang5, Hong-Jun Liu5, Mao-Hua Chen5 1 Department of Pharmacology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China 2 Department of Pharmacology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China 3 Institute of Cancer Research, The First Clinical Medical College and Yichang Central Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China 4 Institute of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China 5 Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of China Three Gorges University & Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, Hubei, China Abstract:Background: Saponins from Rhizoma Panacis Majoris (SRPM) are confirmed to have cardioprotective effect against myocardial ischemia injury by reducing oxidative stress, while its underlying mechanism has not been elucidated until recently. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the SRPM's cardioprotection and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Adult male rats were received SRPM treatment in the presence or the absence of the silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) inhibitor Ex-527 or nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibitor ATRA for 14 days and subjected to myocardial ischemia for 0.5 h and then 2 h reperfusion. Cardiac function, infarct size, antioxidant enzyme activities, ROS level and the related mRNA and protein expressions of antiapoptosis protein Bcl-2, proapoptosis protein Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, Sirt1 and Nrf2-relatived signaling pathways were assessed. Results: SRPM was confirmed to have cardioprotective effects by ameliorating cardiac function, decreasing infarct size, reducing serum creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase and ROS releases and malondialdehyde level, raising total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase activities, upregulating myocardial Sirt1, Nrf2, Bcl-2 protein and manganese superoxide dismutase, heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase mRNA expressions and downregulating acetylated forkhead box O 1, acetylated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 protein expressions; histopathological observations provided supportive evidence for the aforementioned results. Interestedly, its protective effects were significantly blocked for its combination with Ex-527 or ATRA. Conclusion: The studies demonstrated that SRPM exerted beneficially protective effects on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. It was possibly related to reducing oxidative stress damage by activations of Sirt1 and Nrf2-related antioxidant signaling pathways. Keywords:Cardioprotection, Ischemia reperfusion, Nrf2 signaling pathway, oxidative stress, Saponins from Rhizoma Panacis Majoris, Sirt1 signaling pathwayView:PDF (2.74 MB)

Dao-Jun Li

Mao-Hua Chen

Hai-Bo He

Xiao-Mei Li

Yong-Hong Ding

Yong-Feng Zhang

Hai-Yan Xu

Min-Lu Feng

Chang-Qing Xiang

Ji-Gang Zhou

Ji-Hong Zhang

Hong-Jun Liu

Saponins from Rhizoma Panacis Majoris attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via the activation of the Sirt1/Foxo1/Pgc-1α and Nrf2/antioxidant defense pathways in rats

人参皂苷通过激活Sirt1/Foxo1/Pgc-1α和Nrf2/抗氧化防御通路减轻大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤

Background One of the most effective anticancer medications for treating a range of cancers is cisplatin (Cis). Its use is limited because of its nephrotoxicity. Purpose This study aims to evaluate the role of linarin (LIN) in protecting rats from Cis-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods The animals were split up into four groups: Group I consisted of control animals; group II consisted of Cis-treated animals; group III consisted of Cis-treated animals that received a 25 mg/kg dosage of LIN; group IV consisted of Cis-treated animals that received a 50 mg/kg dose of LIN. We measured the kidney and body weights of each experimental group. Blood samples were taken to measure the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and Cr levels in the test animals. To further evaluate the effects of LIN therapy in a dose-dependent manner, an investigation of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress indicators, plasma sodium and potassium levels, inflammatory markers, and histopathology was conducted. Results We found that giving LIN to Cis-treated rats helped to enhance renal function. The animals’ body weight, histopathological conditions, and amount of antioxidant enzymes were all markedly elevated by LIN in the animals. Additionally, it decreased kidney weight, BUN and Cr levels, oxidative stress indicators, and inflammatory markers. Conclusion Therefore, we conclude that LIN can be utilized to protect the kidneys from damage caused by Cis therapy. Nurses can promote well-being and recovery in patients at risk of Cis-induced nephrotoxicity by encouraging gentle physical activities and providing emotional and psychological support, leveraging LIN’s protective effects.

Jie Qi

Lili Gao

Linarin Protects against Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity via Subsiding Proinflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Male Wistar Rats

线性素通过减轻雄性威斯塔大鼠的促炎和氧化应激生物标志物来保护其免受顺铂诱导的肾毒性

Background This study aims to explore the use of polystyrene nanoparticles as a carrier to encapsulate astragalus polysaccharides and regulate the glycolytic pathway of the DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa/spleen tyrosine kinase (DAP12/SYK) axis through miR-370, thereby affecting the development mechanism of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods Polystyrene nanoparticles coated with astragalus polysaccharide nanoparticles (APS/PDA NPs) were prepared, and PC-3 cell experiments were used for culture and further detection of miRNA and other genes, detection of glycolysis-related proteins and genes, and observation of the biology of PC-3 cells behavioral changes, exploring the mechanism of action of APS/PDA NPs. Results We successfully prepared composite materials of APS/PDA NPs, and found that APS/PDA NPs could inhibit glycolysis and induce apoptosis in PC-3 cells. Further experiments showed that APS/PDA NPs could increase miR-370 expression, inhibit glycolysis, and induce apoptosis. APS/PDA NPs play a strong role in inhibiting the DAP12/SYK axis, inhibiting glycolysis, and causing apoptosis. Combined with biological information and multiple experiments, it was confirmed that miR-370 targeted DAP12, and the inhibition of PCa progression by APS/PDA NPs was achieved through targeting miR-370 and negatively regulating the DAP12/SYK axis. Conclusion As a drug carrier, polystyrene nanoparticles can effectively deliver astragalus polysaccharides to prostate cancer cells, thereby increasing the local concentration of drugs and enhancing the therapeutic effect. More encouragingly, this drug carrier not only performed well in inhibiting glycolysis but also significantly upregulated the level of miR-370, which further inhibits the expression of DAP12, providing a new therapeutic idea for inhibiting the development of prostate cancer.

Cheng Gao

Zixiong Liu

Jiafu Tan

Polystyrene Nanoparticles-coated Astragalus Polysaccharides Affects the Development of Prostate Cancer by Regulating Glycolysis of DAP12/SYK Axis Through miR-370

聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒包被的黄芪多糖通过调节DAP12/SYK轴的糖酵解影响前列腺癌的发展

Background A protozoan disease termed coccidiosis is common worldwide and affects both domestic and wild animals. New alternatives must be discovered because traditional coccidiostats are becoming less effective. More recently, nanomedicine has been a better option for treating a wide range of diseases. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the role of biosynthesized selenium nano-particles (Bio-SeN) utilizing neem leaf extract on the outcome of renal damage caused by murine coccidiosis. Methods In this study, 25 mice were employed, and five groups (five mice/group) were formed: Group 1, this group is considered as control; Group 2, this group was noninfected and received Bio-SeN for 5 days; and Groups 3, 4, and 5: infected groups received 10 3 Eimeria papillata oocysts. Following that, for 5 days, Group 4 was administered Bio-SeN, while Group 5 was given amprolium (120 mg/kg). On the fifth day post-infection (p.i.), oocyst output, as well as body weight, was recorded, and mice were euthanized so that blood could be drawn for biochemical examination. The kidneys were also removed to prepare histological sections and homogenate for the determination of oxidative damage markers. Results The results demonstrated that by day 5 p.i., mice treated with Bio-SeN after infection with E. papillata had significantly reduced oocyst output in their feces. Body weight gain was significantly reduced by Eimeria infection to −6.07%, and it improved to −3.64% with Bio-SeN treatment. Significant degenerative alterations in the form of vacuolation and inflammatory infiltration in the renal tubules, together with the presence of erythrocytes in some blood sinusoids, were linked to infection. Furthermore, the infected mice’s protein and carbohydrate contents were disturbed by the infection. Urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels in the kidneys significantly increased as a result of the Eimeria infection. In the infected mice, these alterations result in oxidative damage. During the Bio-SeN treatment, all of these infection-induced parameters show significant changes. Conclusion Overall, our findings show that Bio-SeNs significantly exhibit a significant in vivo renal response against murine coccidiosis.

Rewaida Abdel-Gaber

Esam M. Al- Shaebi

Saleh Al Quraishy

Biosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticles from Neem Leaves Extract Exhibit Antioxidant and Renal Responses During <i>Eimeria papillata</i> Infection

来自楝树叶提取物的生物合成硒纳米颗粒在<i>Eimeria papillata</i>感染期间表现出抗氧化和肾脏反应

Background Osteosarcoma, the predominant primary bone cancer in the pediatric and adolescent population globally, exhibits a relatively low annual incidence but contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Purpose: The current study aims to explore the impact of cisplatin, apigenin, and their combination on human osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63) osteosarcoma cells, given the challenges in clinical treatment such as chemotherapy’s adverse effects, resistance development, and relapses. Methods Cytotoxicity assessment using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was conducted for cisplatin, apigenin, and their combination. Apoptotic potential was evaluated through ethidium bromide (EtBr)/acridine orange (AO) dual staining for the combination treatment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell cycle arrest were analyzed posttreatment with the cisplatin + apigenin combination using 2′-7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, respectively. Proapoptotic and antiapoptotic gene expression was assessed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Additionally, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression of B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMIL1) were analyzed in both untreated and cisplatin + apigenin treated cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis was performed for p16INK4a, E-cadherin, and Notch1. Results Results indicated that the combination treatment significantly inhibited MG-63 cell proliferation compared to individual treatments. Enhanced apoptosis and ROS production were observed in the combination treatment, along with cell cycle arrest at the sub G 0 - G 1 phase. Furthermore, the combination downregulated BMIL1 and Bcl2 expression while upregulating mRNA expression of Bax, Caspase 3, Caspase 9, Apaf-1, and p53. Gene expression results corroborated BMIL1 downregulation in the combination treatment. Additionally, protein levels of p16INK4a and E-cadherin were significantly decreased in the combination treatment compared to individual treatments and untreated control. Conclusions In conclusion, cisplatin and apigenin combination exhibited superior efficacy against osteosarcoma.

Abdullah Alqarni

Jagadish Hosmani

Khalil Assiri

Saeed Alassiri

Ali Mosfer Alqahtani

Cisplatin in Combination with Apigenin Inhibits Human Osteosarcoma Cells Proliferation by Promoting Osteogenic Differentiation: A Mechanistic Insight

顺铂与芹菜素联合通过促进成骨分化抑制人骨肉瘤细胞增殖：机制探究

Background One of the leading causes of acute brain injury is cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. It is an ailment that occurs when the brain does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood supply, which damages brain cells. Oxidative stress is recognized as a significant mechanism that causes I/R injury and is a critical focal point for therapy. Apoptosis and inflammation are all pathogenic processes underpinning I/R damage. Eucalyptol (EU), a plant-derived substance, protects neuronal damage. We postulate that EU inhibits apoptosis and oxidative stress after focal cerebral I/R damage in mice. Purpose Thus, the present work sought to examine the neurological protective benefits of EU in mice models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury. Methods The measurement of neurological function, infarct volume, and the amount of water in the brain were evaluated subsequently. The brain tissue was examined to assess the activities of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) levels, and histopathology was determined. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), apoptotic marker expression was used to measure the levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), caspase-3, and Bcl-2 associated X-protein (Bax) proteins that exist as indicators of apoptosis. Results EU treatment malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased while glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), A-TOC, and catalase (CAT) activity increased. Following EU therapy dramatically reduced cerebral dysfunction, which was supported by reduced histological damage in I/R injury. Furthermore, with lower levels of MMP-2 and 9, EU treatment could be a novel approach for preventing CI/R injury. EU-treated mice had a notable reduction in cleaved Bax, caspase-3, and increased Bcl-2 protein activities. EU therapy shields the brain against CI/R injury by inhibiting cell death. Conclusion According to the present study’s findings, EU is a promising neuroprotective agent that can be used to treat CI/R injury in mice. By focusing on these aspects, nurses can provide comprehensive care to patients involved in studies on the effects of EU on CI/R injury, promoting better outcomes through careful monitoring, supportive interventions, and education.

Yuning Wang

Dan Wu

Eucalyptol Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice

桉叶油醇减轻小鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤

Abbreviation	Pharmacogn. Mag.
Journal Impact	0.41
Quartiles(Global)	CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL(Q4)

Publication Information	Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications，Publishing cycle: Quarterly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2020，Proportion of original research papers: 99.35%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 29.67%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均3.0个月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：约47.5%

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Two new cyclopeptides from the co-culture broth of two marine mangrove fungi and their antifungal activity

Enzyme inhibitors cause multiple effects on accumulation of monoterpene indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus cambial meristematic cell cultures

Saponins from Rhizoma Panacis Majoris attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via the activation of the Sirt1/Foxo1/Pgc-1α and Nrf2/antioxidant defense pathways in rats

Linarin Protects against Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity via Subsiding Proinflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Male Wistar Rats

Polystyrene Nanoparticles-coated Astragalus Polysaccharides Affects the Development of Prostate Cancer by Regulating Glycolysis of DAP12/SYK Axis Through miR-370

Biosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticles from Neem Leaves Extract Exhibit Antioxidant and Renal Responses During Eimeria papillata Infection

Linarin Protects against Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity via Subsiding Proinflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Male Wistar Rats

Polystyrene Nanoparticles-coated Astragalus Polysaccharides Affects the Development of Prostate Cancer by Regulating Glycolysis of DAP12/SYK Axis Through miR-370

Cisplatin in Combination with Apigenin Inhibits Human Osteosarcoma Cells Proliferation by Promoting Osteogenic Differentiation: A Mechanistic Insight

Eucalyptol Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice