Arid Zone Research

The tarim desert highway comes through the Taklimakan desert from north to south,and there is protection forest for 436 km along the highway. Soil particle size distribution( PSD) is a fundamental soil physical property,having important influences on other soil physicochemical characteristics. This study analyzed the fractal characteristics of soil particle size distribution of different years' protection forest along Tarim Desert Highway,based on fieldwork and laboratory experiments. Then relationships between fractal dimension D and soil physicochemical characteristics including the content of clay,silt,sand,bulk density,the content of organic matter and total nitrogen were discussed. The results were as follows: 1 fractal dimension D values ranged from 1. 432 to2. 208; 2 fractal dimension D appeared significant differences among the soil layers,at 0. 01 level; 3 fractal dimension D decreased with the increasing content of sand while increased with increasing content of silt and clay;4 D value was mostly determined by the content of silt,fractal dimension D was in highly significant negative correlation with the bulk density,while in very significant positive correlation with the contents of organic matter and total N. Fractal dimension D can be applied to reveal soil texture condition and evaluate soil structure and fertility status. Fractal dimension D may be a comprehensive index to quantitatively measure the sandy soil evolution in Tarim Desert Highway protection forest.

Jia Meng-men

Fractal Characteristics of Soil Particle Size Distribution in Protection Forest of Tarim Desert Highway

塔里木沙漠公路防护林土壤粒径分布的分形特征

In order to ascertain the distribution rules of the Horqin sand soil with Ulmus pumila open forest after Grain for Green,this paper uses geostatistical methods to analyze the correlation,spatial variability and distribution of soil properties in Wusitu natural reserve area of eastern Horqin with Ulmus pumila open forest. The results show the spatial variability of soil p H is weak,but the soil total nitrogen,the soil organism,soil available N and available P have a medium spatial variability. If using the theoretical model of the GS + and software automatically fitted variation function,the soil p H is spherical model,the soil total nitrogen and organism are linear model,the soil available N is exponential model,and the soil available P is Gaussian model. The soil total nitrogen and organism demonstrate a pure nugget effect with a constant spatial variability at a small scale. The pure nugget effect is only influenced by the stochastic factors not by the structural factors,and it has little obvious variation rules. However,the ratio of the soil p H,the soil available N and the soil available P is less than 25% with a strong spatial relevance. The random part caused little spatial variability. Only except the available nitrogen,the other four soil properties are uniform in spatial distribution. Therefore,it can infer the available nitrogen may be the critical element of the ecological restoration here. After the human's destruction for a long time in history,the restoration of land vegetation and soil nutrient are not synchronous. The latter is slower than the former. So the recovery of Ulmus pumila open forest grassy ecosystem requires a long-time closing hillside to facilitate afforestation.

Shi Yu-fe

Study on the Soil Spatial Variability of Ulmus pumila Open Forest in Horqin Sandy Land

研究科尔沁沙地榆树疏林土壤空间变异性

Understanding of crop evapotranspiration has a key role in regional water cycle and rational utilization of water resources. This paper,using the data of air temperature,relative humidity,wind speed,sunshine time and precipitation of 37 years of 1975- 2011,as well as information of longitude and latitude,altitude of weather stations,and employing the Penman-Monteith formulas,calculated the daily ET0,monthly ET0 and annual ET0. By Mann-Kendall( M-K) test,the trend of ET0 changes was analyzed. Using the partial correlation coefficient and regression methods,the change of climate factors for Fuhai county in recent 37 years were analyzed,and the correlation with ET0 variation was explored. Finally,the wetness index was used to determine the impact of ET0 variation on the local dry and wet. Results showed that the ET0 of Fuhai county reached the lowest in 1993 with a decreasing trend year by year. After 1993,ET0 had an increasing trend year by year,and the county's average ET0 decreased from the south to the north,and related to the local terrain. The average wind speed and relative humidity is the main factors influencing the local ET0 variation. The county belongs to arid region,and the local drought is mainly affected by precipitation.

LI Ze-min

Trend of ET_0 Change and Its Influence in Fuhai County of Xinjiang during Recent 37 Years

近37年新疆福海县参考作物蒸散量变化趋势及其影响

Annual forage crops are important feeding sources in early spring and winter seasons in areas of the Loess Plateau,with water use efficiency being an important indication of crop adaptability to local climate environment. In a rainfed area of eastern Gansu,dry matter,soil water deficit and water use efficiency of annual forage crops were determined. Annual forage crops were maize( Zea mays),Sudan grass( Sorghum sudanense),soybean( Glycine max),small millet( Setaria italica),millet( Panicum miliaceum),common vetch( Vicia sativa),pea( Glycine max),oat( Avena sativa) and spring wheat( Triticum aestivum). The results showed that soil water deficit of annual forage crops presented a ‘V'curve,with the exception of Sudan grass; water use efficiency of spring wheat was higher than other crops at 6 weeks after emergence,whereas maize was the most efficient at 15 weeks after emergence. Variable amplitude of water use efficiency in millet and small millet was low. The crops of maize,spring wheat,small millet and millet were optimum under spring-sown condition in the Loess Plateau.

Zhang Qing-pin

Dry Matter and Water Use Efficiency of Annual Forage Crops in the Loess Plateau

黄土高原一年生饲草作物的干物质与水分利用效率

The climate variation of Huaxi Autumn Rain and its impact factors are analyzed using the methods of empirical orthogonal function( EOF) and multi-taper method and singular value decomposition. The results of EOF analysis of Huaxi Autumn Rain show that the spatial distribution of the first characteristic vector is consistent in all areas. The variance contribution of the first principal is 57. 7% which is the primary mode. Cycle analysis indicates that Huaxi autumn rain has significant quasi-4-year cycle on the interannual variability scale and quasi-12-year cycle on the decadal variability scale. Cycle reconstruction shows that the abnormal distribution of all of the 4 phases in the quasi-4 year cycle are similar to the main model. The 8 phases in the quasi-12 year cycle are also similar to the main model. On interannual and decadal scales there exists good correlation between South China Sea subtropical high intensity index,India-Burma trough index,the Southern Oscillation Index,Nino 4 SST index and the intensity of Huaxi autumn rain. By using of the correlation analysis,the multiple factors and multiple variations statistic prediction mode of Huaxi autumn rain intensity is initially established.

Wang Chun-xu

Climate Variation of Huaxi Autumn Rain and the Impact Factors Influencing It

华西秋雨的气候变化及其影响因素

The Balager River Basin is a typical inland drainage basin and is located in a grassland plateau in China,where the grassland degeneration and the change of hydrological process are caused by many factors. It is very important to quantitatively analyze the variation of runoff volume,climate change and human activities for the reasonable utilization of water resources and conservation of grassland eco-environment. In this paper,the double cumulative curve,departure accumulation,improved Mann-Kendall trend test method and change rate of cumulative slope were used to quantitatively calculate and analyze the characteristics and main driving factors causing the change of runoff volume at different scales based on the hydrological,meteorological and socioeconomic data in the Balager River Basin during the period from 1959 to 2015. The following results were concluded:(1) The shift point of runoff volume occurred in 1998. The runoff volume was changed under the influence of precipitation before 1998( named as the reference period),while there were the double influences of climate change and human activities on runoff volume after 1998( named as the variable period);(2) The annual,wet-seasonal and dry-seasonal runoff volumes were holistically decreased,but there was no significant precipitation variation;(3) Although there was no significant variable trend of precipitation( P = 0. 428) at annual scale,the runoff volume was deceased significantly( P = 0. 042). The runoff volume in the reference period was higher than that in the variable period when the precipitation was similar;(4) Both the runoff volume( P = 0. 117) and precipitation( P = 0. 077) decreased slightly in wet season,while the runoff volume in dry season( P = 0. 003) decreased significantly but the precipitation( P =0. 286) did not. No matter in wet season or dry season,the average runoff volume in the reference period was higher than that in the variable period;(5) The monthly precipitation and runoff volume in the whole time series,reference period and variable period fluctuated similarly. The precipitation in July( 107 mm) was the highest,but the corresponding runoff volume( 1. 7 mm) was not the highest. The highest runoff volume( 2. 963 mm) occurred in April because of the melting of accumulated snow cover in winter;(6) Compared the climate factors in the reference period with those in the variable period,the variable ranges of temperature,precipitation and wind speed were 65. 12%,-16. 97% and-13. 3% separately,while the fluctuations of other climate factors were less than 5%. So the temperature,precipitation and wind speed were the main climate factors affecting the runoff volume;(7) In the study area,the primary industry,sheep number and population increased by 3. 8 times,12. 06% and 9% separately;(8) The contribution rates of runoff volume reduction due to climate change and human activities were 28. 86% and71. 14% respectively,so human activities were the main driving forces causing the change of runoff volume. The study results can provide the references for analyzing the ecological hydrological change,water resources utilization and conservation in the process of socio-economic development in grassland watershed in semiarid area of north China.

Bai Yong

Gao Rui-zhong

Wang Xi-xi

Liu Ting-xi

Wang Wei-na

Civil

Driving Factors Causing the Change of Runoff Volume of the Balager River in Inner Mongolia

内蒙古巴拉格河流域径流量变化的主要驱动因素

内蒙古巴拉格尔河流域径流量变化驱动因素

内蒙古巴拉格河流域径流量变化驱动因素

内蒙古巴拉格尔河径流量变化的主要驱动因素

ISSN	1001-4675
h-index	14

Publication Information	Publisher: Springer Science + Business Media，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2019，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%

Arid Zone Research

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Fractal Characteristics of Soil Particle Size Distribution in Protection Forest of Tarim Desert Highway

Study on the Soil Spatial Variability of Ulmus pumila Open Forest in Horqin Sandy Land

Trend of ET_0 Change and Its Influence in Fuhai County of Xinjiang during Recent 37 Years

Dry Matter and Water Use Efficiency of Annual Forage Crops in the Loess Plateau

Climate Variation of Huaxi Autumn Rain and the Impact Factors Influencing It

Driving Factors Causing the Change of Runoff Volume of the Balager River in Inner Mongolia

Driving Factors Causing the Change of Runoff Volume of the Balager River in Inner Mongolia

Driving Factors Causing the Change of Runoff Volume of the Balager River in Inner Mongolia

Driving Factors Causing the Change of Runoff Volume of the Balager River in Inner Mongolia

Driving Factors Causing the Change of Runoff Volume of the Balager River in Inner Mongolia