埃塞俄比亚化学会公报 (BCSE) 是埃塞俄比亚化学会三年一次的出版物。 BCSE 是一个开放获取和同行评审的期刊。 BCSE 邀请任何基础和应用化学领域的贡献者。

The Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia (BCSE) is a triannual publication of the Ethiopian Chemical Society. BCSE is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that invites contributions from researchers in both fundamental and applied chemistry.

《Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia》（埃塞俄比亚化学会公报）是由埃塞俄比亚化学会每三年出版一次的期刊。该期刊为开放获取并经过同行评审，欢迎基础和应用化学领域的研究者投稿。

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia

ABSTRACT. In this study, the residual concentrations of some organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides were determined in tomato, potato, and pineapple samples from selected farmlands of Jimma and Kefa Zones, Southwest of Ethiopia. The QuEChERS procedure, AOAC-2007, was used for extraction of the pesticides from the samples prior to their determinations by a gas GC-ECD. Pesticides including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, endrin, and dieldrin were not detected in all studied samples. Dimethoate was detected only in Mana and Saka Buyo Qacama tomato samples. Likewise, malathion was detected only in the Saka Buyo Qacama tomato sample. The residual concentrations of most of the studied pesticides were below their MRLs set in EU guideline. However, the recorded residual concentrations of dibutyl chlorendate and chloroflurenol-methyl pesticides were above the EU general default MRL. The percent recoveries studied by spiking known concentrations of the analytes ranged from 71.22–121.56%. However, the recoveries of chloroflurenol-methyl and chlorpyrifos in the potato sample were 65.65 and 67.90%, respectively. One-way ANOVA results (p ≤ 0.05) indicated the presence of significant variations in the concentrations of the detected pesticides among the sampling sites. Generally, the findings showed that regular monitoring of pesticide residues in agricultural products of the area is needed.&#x0D; &#x0D; KEY WORDS: Organophosphates and organochlorines pesticides, QuEChERS, Tomato, potato, and pineapple samples, GC-ECD&#x0D; &#x0D; Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(1), 23-33. &#x0D; DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i1.3

Tamene Haile

Abera Gure

Kassim Kedir

Seblework Mekonen

Determination of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in tomato, potato, and pineapple samples of selected farmlands in southwest Ethiopia

埃塞俄比亚西南部选定农田番茄、马铃薯和菠萝样品中有机氯和有机磷农药残留的测定

A validated, sensitive, user-friendly, precise, and dependable spectrophotometric technique has been developed to accurately detect the concentration of gemifloxacin mesylate in pure and dosage forms. The methods utilize N-bromosuccinimide as an eco-friendly oxidizing agent in acidic circumstances. The residual N-bromosuccinimide is measured by subjecting it to a chemical reaction with preset amounts of dyes, amaranth, methylene blue, and indigocarmine and the absorbance is measured at λmax of 520, 664 and 610 nm, respectively. The analytical technique was implemented and validated by thoroughly examining and optimizing various factors that could potentially disrupt the reaction. Significant linear relationships, characterized by correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9993 to 0.9996, were observed under optimal conditions. These associations remained consistent throughout concentration ranges of 1.0-18, 1.0-14, and 1.0-20 µg/mL. The limits of detection (LOD) of 0.30, 0.29, and 0.30 µg/mL for amaranth, methylene blue, and indigocarmine methods, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the approaches' have been evaluated. No significant interference was observed with the usual pill excipients. In addition, the environmental impact of the suggested processes was assessed using three evaluation tools specifically designed to measure environmental friendliness: the Analytical Greenness Metric, the Green Analytical Procedure Index and Analytical Eco-Scale. KEY WORDS: Gemifloxacin mesylate, N-bromosuccinimide, Spectrophotometry, Method validation, Dosage forms, Greenness assessment tools. Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(2), 227-242. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.4

Samya Sh. Alenezi

Ayman A. Gouda

Ragaa El Sheikh

Ahmed El Sayed

Moataz S. Mahmoud

Ahmed F. Abdel Allem

Ahmad O. Babalghith

Osama MA Salem

Evaluation of the greenness profiles of indirect spectrophotometric methods for estimation of gemifloxacin mesylate in pure and dosage forms utilizing N-bromosuccinimide as a green reagent

间接分光光度法测定纯品和制剂中甲磺酸吉米沙星的绿色性评价：以N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺为绿色试剂

An accurate and cost-effective method utilizing continuous flow injection spectroscopy has been developed for analyzing oxymetazoline hydrochloride in pharmaceutical and bulk powder forms. This new method involves reacting drug in an alkaline solution with diazotized 4-chloroaniline to produce an orange dye with a maximum absorption at λmax of 483 nm. The flow injection analysis approach was extensively studied in terms of both chemical and physical characteristics to achieve high sensitivity. Within a concentration range of 50-150 μg/mL and a detection limit of 10.4 μg/mL, oxymetazoline hydrochloride follows Beer's law when the experimental variables are optimized. The method's effectiveness was confirmed by achieving high reproducibility of less than 2% (n = 5). A statistical analysis comparing the proposed method to the standard spectrophotometric technique using F and t tests shown no significant differences in accuracy and precision. Additionally, the analytical greenness assessment and the green analytical procedure index were applied to assess the method's greenness and the results demonstrated that the flow injection analysis method satisfies the criteria of green analytical methodologies. KEY WORDS: Flow injection analysis, Diazotization reaction, 4-Chloroaniline, Oxymetazoline hydrochloride Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(2), 215-226. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.3

Ghadah Fadhil

Wasan A. Al-Uzri

Greenness assessment of continuous FIA-spectrophotometric method for quantitation of oxymetazoline in bulk and pharmaceutical forms

连续FIA-分光光度法测定原料药和制剂中羟甲唑啉的绿色评价

In this study, the contents of selected heavy metals; Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni in the root of Rumex abyssinicus (RA) were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) after acid digestion. The digestion required 3:1 HNO3/HCl (v/v) for 3 h, with temperature of 300°C for complete digestion of 0.5 g RA roots using Kjeldahl apparatus. The levels of metals; Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni were 31.9, 7.76 and 4.73 mg kg-1, respectively, for the samples collected from Addis Ababa University, AAU, Science campus (RA-A samples), and 5.59 Zn, 103 Fe and 3.01 Ni, all in mg kg-1, were found in RA-W sample from Weregenu/Gerji area in AA. Validity of the optimized procedure was evaluated using spiked sample whose recovery varied from 89.8-95.1%. The findings confirmed that only Fe was higher than the tolerance limits. From the health risk perspective, the hazard quotient (HQ) value of Fe for both RA-A and RA-W samples exceeded 1, indicating potential health risks. The hazard index (HI) value suggested that consumption of the root of RA-A and RA-W samples could pose potential health risks over long-term consumption. This may signify the non-carcinogenic health risk associated with consuming RA plant, though continuous regulatory control may necessitate to ensure safety to the consumers. KEYWORDS: Medicinal plant, Wet digestion, Rumex abyssinicus, Trace metals, Health risk assessment, Pearson correlation. Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(2), 243-256. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.5

Yemariam Mekuanint

Tura Gemechu

Negussie Megersa

Levels of selected toxic heavy metals in the root of Rumex abyssinicus, a traditional medicinal plant, collected from two locations in the city of Addis Ababa

埃塞俄比亚阿比西尼亚酸模根中选定有毒重金属的水平：从亚的斯亚贝巴市两个地点采集的传统药用植物

New zinc(II) complexes of the mixed ligands were synthesized using a benzohydrazide derivative (L), yielded from reaction of benzohydrazide and isatin, in combination with (Phen) and various phosphine co-ligands, including 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen), 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane(dppe), 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino) propane (dppp), and triphenylphosphine (PPh3). Characterization methods included molar conductivity, atomic absorption, FTIR, and 1H, 13C{1H},31P{1H}-NMR spectroscopy, confirming tetrahedral geometry around zinc(II) with the ligand N'-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) benzohydrazide (L) acting as a bidentate chelating ligand. The thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of the papered complexes [Zn(L)(Phen)]Cl2, [Zn(L)(PPh3)]Cl2, and [Zn(L)(dppp)]Cl2 showed that each of them has been decomposed in three stages. The in vitro biological activities were evaluated against four types of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, along with cancer human liver (Hep-G2) cell lines, revealing that the complexes exhibited significant cytotoxicity. Notably, the [Zn(L)(Phen)]Cl2 complex showed the strongest inhibitory effect on human liver (Hep-G2) cells, with an IC50 of 31.12 ± 1.57 μM. Antibacterial tests indicated that [Zn(L)(Phen)]Cl2 and [Zn(L)(dppp)]Cl2 complexes effectively inhibited Streptococcus faecalis, and [Zn(L)(Phen)]Cl2 also had limited efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria. Structure-activity relationship studies highlighted that the choice of phosphine ligand significantly influences the biological properties of these zinc(II) complexes. KEY WORDS: Antibacterial, Anticancer, Benzohydrazide derivative, Mixed ligands complexes, Phosphines, Spectroscopy Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(2), 313-326. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.10

Nazk M. Aziz

Ahmad A. Irzoqi

Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of zinc(II) complexes with benzohydrazide derivative and phosphine ligands

苯甲酰肼衍生物和膦配体锌(II)配合物的合成、表征及生物学评价

The pursuit of miniaturized, high-performance electronic devices has intensified research into novel materials with extraordinary properties. While semiconductors lead the way in optoelectronics and energy harvesting, the burgeoning field of spintronics utilizing electron charge and spin promises revolutionary advances in information processing and storage. A critical component of spintronics is identifying materials with half-metallic behavior, characterized by complete spin polarization at the Fermi level. This study explores chromium (Cr)-doped CaTe as a candidate for half-metallic behavior. Using advanced computational techniques, we investigate the impact of Cr doping on the electronic and magnetic properties of CaTe. Our findings reveal that Cr-doped CaTe exhibits significant crystal field splitting and exchange splitting energies, leading to robust magnetic properties and half-metallic behavior across varying doping concentrations. Notably, the Curie temperature of Cr-doped CaTe exceeds room temperature starting from a 14% Cr concentration, highlighting its practical viability for spintronic applications. The results underscore the potential of Cr-doped CaTe for integration into spintronic devices, offering insights into the electronic structure and magnetic interactions essential for developing next-generation spintronic technologies. KEY WORDS: Half-metallic behavior, Spintronics, Chromium doping, Curie temperature, Magnetic properties, CaTe (Calcium telluride). Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(2), 341-350. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.12

Abbreviation	Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.
Journal Impact	1.35
Quartiles(Global)	CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY(Q3)

ISSN	1011-3924, 1726-801X
h-index	32

Publication Information	Publisher: Chemical Society of Ethiopia，Publishing cycle: Tri-annual，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 1996，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:15.40%， Gold OA Rate: 98.01%
Journal Fees	$200Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：较慢,6-12周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia

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Determination of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in tomato, potato, and pineapple samples of selected farmlands in southwest Ethiopia

Evaluation of the greenness profiles of indirect spectrophotometric methods for estimation of gemifloxacin mesylate in pure and dosage forms utilizing N-bromosuccinimide as a green reagent

Greenness assessment of continuous FIA-spectrophotometric method for quantitation of oxymetazoline in bulk and pharmaceutical forms

Levels of selected toxic heavy metals in the root of Rumex abyssinicus, a traditional medicinal plant, collected from two locations in the city of Addis Ababa

Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of zinc(II) complexes with benzohydrazide derivative and phosphine ligands

Evaluation of the greenness profiles of indirect spectrophotometric methods for estimation of gemifloxacin mesylate in pure and dosage forms utilizing N-bromosuccinimide as a green reagent

Greenness assessment of continuous FIA-spectrophotometric method for quantitation of oxymetazoline in bulk and pharmaceutical forms

Levels of selected toxic heavy metals in the root of Rumex abyssinicus, a traditional medicinal plant, collected from two locations in the city of Addis Ababa

Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of zinc(II) complexes with benzohydrazide derivative and phosphine ligands

Exploring the half-metallic behavior and spintronic potential of Cr-doped CaTe