European Review of Social Psychology

Social projection is a judgemental heuristic that allows people to make quick and reasonably accurate predictions about others. The first part of this paper presents a review of the status of projection as a highly (though not fully) automatic process, its separateness from superficially similar processes of self-stereotyping, and its implications for intergroup perception. The second part places social projection within the context of the theory of evidential decision making, which highlights the benefits and the liabilities of projection in social dilemma situations. The main benefit is that projection can enhance cooperation within a group by leading individuals to believe that their own behavioural choices will be reciprocated. However, when interpersonal social dilemmas are nested within intergroup dilemmas, differential projection (i.e., strong ingroup projection paired with weak outgroup projection) yields collectively undesirable outcomes.

Joachim I. Krueger

From social projection to social behaviour

从社会投射到社会行为

This chapter describes how a structural model of deservingness governed by a principle of balance may be applied to the analysis of emotions relating to deserved or undeserved outcomes of other or of self. In each case perceived deservingness/undeservingness is assumed to mediate both general emotional reactions such as pleasure and dissatisfaction and discrete emotions such as sympathy, resentment, disappointment, and guilt, depending on outcome (positive, negative), the evaluative structure of action/outcome relations, and whether outcomes relate to other or to self. Evidence from studies of reactions to success or failure, and reactions to penalties for offences, supports the analysis, as does earlier research on tall poppies or high achievers. The theoretical analysis is then related to the wider psychological literature on justice and emotions, especially to appraisal theory as exemplified in Weiner's approach. Also discussed are issues concerned with reciprocal relations between affect and deservingness, thoughtful versus automatic processing, new extensions of balance theory, and variables such as like/dislike relations, ingroup/outgroup relations, and perceived responsibility that would moderate perceived deservingness/undeservingness, thereby influencing the emotions that are assumed to be activated in each case.

N. T. Feather

Deservingness and emotions: Applying the structural model of deservingness to the analysis of affective reactions to outcomes

应得性与情感：将应得性结构模型应用于结果情感反应的分析

Objectification refers to the perception and treatment of human beings as mere objects. Although this dehumanizing process has deeply permeated the domain of work throughout history, social psychology researchers have only recently begun to empirically investigate it. Here, we review the recent literature that analysed working objectification by considering its two main facets: objectification (when workers are objectified by others) and self-objectification (when workers objectify themselves). First, we theoretically define the construct of working objectification, disentangling it from related constructs and reviewing the research on motivational and cognitive processes underpinning workers’ objectification. Then, we focus on the workers’ perspective and systematise the research on the consequences of the metaperception of being objectified. Finally, we focus on a series of experimental and field studies that analyse the antecedents and consequences of workers’ self-objectification. We conclude by discussing future directions and highlighting the theoretical and practical contributions of this line of research.

Cristina Baldissarri

Luca Andrighetto

Chiara Volpato

The longstanding view of workers as objects: antecedents and consequences of working objectification

工人作为客体的长期观点：工作物化的前因与后果

Researchers and lay people alike have tended to focus on social benefits of expressing positive emotion and, as a result, tend to overlook potential social costs. In this paper, we consider limits to the idea that expressing positive emotion is universally beneficial and review literature demonstrating that, in some contexts, expressing positive emotion can have social costs. Building on our own and others' work in this space, we outline three sociocontextual factors that influence the social success of positive emotion expression: To avoid potential costs, we suggest that positive emotion should generally be expressed in the right situation, by (and to) the right person, and in the right way. Where positive emotion expression may incur social costs, we propose people can effectively down-regulate positive emotion through use of expressive suppression, and review literature demonstrating that there can be social benefits to down-regulating positive emotion. This review advances theorising on the importance of considering context when seeking to understand socially successful emotion expression and regulation.

Katharine H. Greenaway

Elise K. Kalokerinos

Suppress for success? Exploring the contexts in which expressing positive emotion can have social costs

抑制情绪以获得成功？探讨表达积极情绪可能带来社交成本的情境

Knowing the pathways that lead individuals to become terrorists and to leave terrorism behind is fundamental to combat violent extremism. However, although the processes related to psychological time are likely critical to understand violent extremism, they have mostly been neglected within the field. This narrative review proposes a conceptual framework of the potential role of psychological time in the study of violent radicalisation, deradicalisation, and disengagement that: (1) highlights the importance of locating violent extremism within a temporal landscape that integrates people's views about the past, present, and future; (2) discusses the contribution of key processes associated to the construction of personal and collective narrative identity, personal and collective continuity, temporal distance, thoughts about alternative possibilities, and time perspective; (3) relates these processes to specific insights provided by psychosocial models of violent radicalisation, deradicalisation, and disengagement widely recognised within the field of terrorism; and (4) indicates future research opportunities.

Juana Chinchilla

Ángel Gómez

The potential role of psychological time in the study of violent radicalisation, deradicalisation, and disengagement

心理时间在暴力激进化、去激进化和脱离研究中的潜在作用

Pablo Briñol

Richard Petty

Fundamental processes of positive change

积极变革的基本过程

Roza G. Kamiloğlu

Disa A. Sauter

Voices without words: the spectrum of nonverbal vocalisations

无言之声：非言语发声的谱系

Rezarta Bilali

Narrative interventions in conflict settings: Harnessing the power of narratives to prevent violence and promote peace

冲突情境中的叙事干预：利用叙事的力量预防暴力并促进和平

Özden Melis Uluğ

Maria Chayinska

Julia A. Schreiber

Laura K. Taylor

A multi-dimensional typology of allyship action in violent intergroup conflict settings: Differentiating actor, target, and type of action

暴力群体间冲突情境中盟友行动的多维类型学：区分行动者、目标和行动类型

Abbreviation	Eur. Rev. Soc. Psychol.
Journal Impact	10.23
Quartiles(Global)	PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL(Q1)

ISSN	1046-3283, 1479-277X
h-index	76

Publication Information	Publisher: Taylor and Francis Ltd.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2002，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:1.00%， Gold OA Rate: 57.14%

European Review of Social Psychology

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From social projection to social behaviour

Deservingness and emotions: Applying the structural model of deservingness to the analysis of affective reactions to outcomes

The longstanding view of workers as objects: antecedents and consequences of working objectification

Suppress for success? Exploring the contexts in which expressing positive emotion can have social costs

The potential role of psychological time in the study of violent radicalisation, deradicalisation, and disengagement

The potential role of psychological time in the study of violent radicalisation, deradicalisation, and disengagement

Fundamental processes of positive change

Voices without words: the spectrum of nonverbal vocalisations

Narrative interventions in conflict settings: Harnessing the power of narratives to prevent violence and promote peace

A multi-dimensional typology of allyship action in violent intergroup conflict settings: Differentiating actor, target, and type of action