THE JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH (JSCR) 的编辑使命是通过研究推进有关力量和体能的知识。该杂志的一个独特之处在于它包含了对研究成果实际使用的建议。虽然期刊名称将力量和体能识别为独立的实体，但力量被认为是体能的一部分。该杂志希望促进同行评审手稿的出版，这些手稿通过应用运动科学增加了我们对体能和运动的理解。

The mission of the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research (JSCR) is to advance knowledge in the field of strength and conditioning through research. A unique aspect of this journal is its inclusion of practical applications of research findings. While the journal's title identifies strength and conditioning as separate entities, strength is considered a component of conditioning. We aim to promote the publication of peer-reviewed manuscripts that enhance our understanding of conditioning and exercise through the application of exercise science.

《Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research》(JSCR) 的编辑使命是通过研究推动力量和体能领域的知识发展。该期刊的独特之处在于提供了研究成果的实际应用建议。虽然期刊名称将力量和体能视为独立的领域，但力量实际上是体能的一部分。我们希望促进同行评审的手稿出版，这些手稿通过应用运动科学，增进我们对体能和运动的理解。

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

Abboud, GJ, Greer, BK, Campbell, SC, and Panton, LB. Effects of load-volume on EPOC after acute bouts of resistance training in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 27(7): 1936–1941, 2013—Recent investigations have shown excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) to be elevated for up to 48 hours in both untrained and trained subjects after resistance training (RT). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of load-volume on EPOC. Eight trained men (aged 22 ± 3 years) participated in 2 randomized RT bouts separated by at least 1 week with total load-volumes of 10,000 and 20,000 kg, respectively. Intensity of RT (85% 1 repetition maximum) did not differ between trials. Exercise energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate (RMR) were measured by indirect calorimetry at 8.5 hours before, 1.5 hours before, and during RT bouts and 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after exercise. Creatine kinase (CK) was measured before and after RT, and 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours postexercise; ratings of perceived muscle soreness were measured on a similar time course save the immediate postexercise time point. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze dependent variables. During the 20,000 kg trial, subjects expended significantly (p < 0.01) more energy (484 ± 29 kcal) than the 10,000 kg lift (247 ± 18 kcal). After the 20,000 kg lift, 12 hours postexercise, CK (1,159 ± 729 U·L−1) was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) as compared with baseline (272 ± 280 U·L−1) and immediately postexercise (490 ± 402 U·L−1). No significant time or trial differences were found in RMR between the 10,000 and 20,000 kg trials. In conclusion, high-intensity RT with load-volumes of up to 20,000 kg using resistance-trained men does not significantly increase EPOC above baseline RMR.

George J. Abboud

Beau K. Greer

Sara C. Campbell

Lynn B. Panton

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

Effects of Load-Volume on EPOC After Acute Bouts of Resistance Training in Resistance-Trained Men

Abstract Mukherjee, S, Fok, JR, and van Mechelen, W. Electrical stimulation and muscle strength gains in healthy adults: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 938–950, 2023—Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is a popular method for strength gains among athletes and fitness enthusiasts. This review investigated the literature from 2008 to 2020 on EMS application protocols, strength adaptations, neural adaptations, and its use as an independent and combined training tool for strength gain in healthy adults. The investigation was modeled after the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. The eligibility criteria included studies that assessed the effect of EMS, either alone or in combination with voluntary resistance training (VRT) in healthy adult populations, involving a control group performing either usual or sham training, with at least 1 performance outcome measure assessed during experimental randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cluster RCT, randomized crossover trials, or nonrandomized studies. Ten studies met the eligibility criteria with a total of 174 subjects. Eight studies investigated the effect of EMS on lower limb muscles and 2 on elbow flexors. Five studies used concurrent VRT. Studies were heterogenous in methods, subject characteristics, intervention, and EMS protocols. All 10 studies reported significant strength gains as an outcome of EMS treatment, but there were no improvements in strength-related functional outcome measures. The optimal threshold for treatment duration, EMS intensity, pulse, and frequency could not be determined due to methodological differences and EMS application protocol inconsistency between studies. Protocol variations also existed between the studies that combined EMS with VRT. Standardized protocols are needed for electrode placement location, motor point identification, positioning of the body part being investigated, impulse type, intensity, and duration of stimulus.

Swarup Mukherjee

Jeryn Ruiwen Fok

Willem van Mechelen

Electrical Stimulation and Muscle Strength Gains in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

健康成年人的电刺激与肌肉力量增长：系统综述

Wilson, JM, Lowery, RP, Roberts, MD, Sharp, MH, Joy, JM, Shields, KA, Partl, JM, Volek, JS, and D'Agostino, DP. Effects of ketogenic dieting on body composition, strength, power, and hormonal profiles in resistance training men. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3463-3474, 2020-This study investigated the impact of an isocaloric and isonitrogenous ketogenic diet (KD) versus a traditional western diet (WD) on changes in body composition, performance, blood lipids, and hormonal profiles in resistance-trained athletes. Twenty-five college-aged men were divided into a KD or traditional WD from weeks 1 to 10, with a reintroduction of carbohydrates from weeks 10 to 11, while participating in a resistance training program. Body composition, strength, power, and blood lipid profiles were determined at weeks 0, 10, and 11. A comprehensive metabolic panel and testosterone levels were also measured at weeks 0 and 11. Lean body mass (LBM) increased in both the KD and WD groups (2.4% and 4.4%, p < 0.01) at week 10. However, only the KD group showed an increase in LBM between weeks 10 and 11 (4.8%, p < 0.0001). Finally, fat mass decreased in both the KD (-2.2 ± 1.2 kg) and WD groups (-1.5 ± 1.6 kg). Strength and power increased to the same extent in the WD and KD conditions from weeks 1 to 11. No changes in any serum lipid measures occurred from weeks 1 to 10; however, a rapid reintroduction of carbohydrate from weeks 10 to 11 raised plasma triglyceride levels in the KD group. Total testosterone increased significantly from weeks 0 to 11 in the KD diet (118 ng·dl) as compared to the WD (-36 ng·dl) from pre to post while insulin did not change. The KD can be used in combination with resistance training to cause favorable changes in body composition, performance, and hormonal profiles in resistance-trained men.

Jacob M. Wilson

Ryan P. Lowery

Michael D. Roberts

Matthew H. Sharp

Jordan M. Joy

Kevin A. Shields

Jeremy M. Partl

Jeff S. Volek

Dominic P. D'Agostino

Effects of Ketogenic Dieting on Body Composition, Strength, Power, and Hormonal Profiles in Resistance Training Men

生酮饮食对阻力训练男性身体成分、力量、爆发力和激素水平的影响

The reliability of the interval shuttle run test (ISRT) as a submaximal and maximal field test to measure intermittent endurance capacity was examined. During the ISRT, participants alternately run for 30 seconds and walk for 15 seconds. The running speed is increased from 10 km.h(-1) every 90 seconds until exhaustion. Within a 2-week period, 17 intermittent sport players (i.e., 10 men and 7 women) performed the ISRT twice in a sports hall under well-standardized conditions. Heart rates per speed and total number of runs were assessed as submaximal and maximal performance measures. With the exception of the heart rates at 10.0 km.h(-1) for men and 10.0, 12.0, and 13.5 km.h(-1) for women, zero lay within the 95% confidence interval of the mean differences, indicating that no bias existed between the outcome measures at the 2 test sessions (absolute reliability). The results illustrate that it is important to control for heart rate before the start of the ISRT. Relative reliability was high (intraclass correlation coefficient > or = 0.86). We conclude that the reliability of the ISRT as a submaximal and maximal field test for intermittent sport players is supported by the results.

Koen A.P.M. Lemmink

Chris Visscher

Michael I. Lambert

Robert P. Lamberts

The Interval Shuttle Run Test for Intermittent Sport Players: Evaluation of Reliability

间歇性运动项目运动员的间歇穿梭跑测试：可靠性评估

We investigated the movement patterns of small-sided training games and compared these movement patterns with domestic, national, and international standard competition in elite women soccer players. In addition, we investigated the repeated-sprint demands of women's soccer with respect to the duration of sprints, number of sprint repetitions, recovery duration, and recovery intensity. Thirteen elite women soccer players [age (mean +/- SD) 21 +/- 2 years] participated in this study. Time-motion analysis was completed during training (n = 39) consisting of small-sided (i.e., three versus three and five versus five) training games, domestic matches against male youth teams (n = 10), Australian national-league matches (n = 9), and international matches (n = 12). A repeated-sprint bout was defined as a minimum of three sprints, with recovery of less than 21 seconds between sprints. The overall exercise to rest ratios for small-sided training games (1:13) were similar to or greater than domestic competition against male youth teams (1:15) and national-league (1:16) and international (1:12) competitions. During the international matches analyzed, 4.8 +/- 2.8 repeated-sprint bouts occurred per player, per match. The number of sprints within the repeated-sprint bouts was 3.4 +/- 0.8. The sprint duration was 2.1 +/- 0.7 seconds, and the recovery time between sprints was 5.8 +/- 4.0 seconds. Most recovery between sprints was active in nature (92.6%). In contrast to international competition, repeated-sprint bouts were uncommon in small-sided training games, domestic competition against male youth teams, and national-league competition. These findings demonstrate that small-sided training games simulate the overall movement patterns of women's soccer competition but offer an insufficient training stimulus to simulate the high-intensity, repeated-sprint demands of international competition.

Tim J Gabbett

Mike J Mulvey

Time-Motion Analysis of Small-Sided Training Games and Competition in Elite Women Soccer Players

精英女子足球运动员小场地训练比赛与正式比赛的时间-动作分析

Abstract Eserhaut, DA, Fry, AC, Stone, MH, and Kraemer, WJ. Acute endocrine responses with long-term weightlifting in a 51 year old male weightlifter. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—To study the effects of long-term (&gt;35 years) competitive weightlifting on acute endocrine activity, a 51-year-old male two-time Olympian in weightlifting (Subject A) was compared with highly trained young male weightlifters (controls, n = 23; age = 17.7 ± 0.3 years). Between 1400 and 1700 hours, subjects performed 15 maximum effort vertical jumps, a series of single repetitions of the snatch progressing to a maximal effort, and 3 × 10 snatch pulls at 60% 1 repetition maximum. Blood sampling occurred at 0700 hours, pre-exercise, and +5 and +15 minutes postexercise. Exercise performances were comparable between Subject A and controls and elicited similar lactate responses at +5 minutes (mmol·L −1 ; A = 9.2; controls = 8.1 ± 0.4). Resting testosterone at 0700 hours was lower for Subject A than for the controls (nmol·L −1 ; A = 13.9; controls = 25.4 ± 2.0), although acute responses at +5 minutes were comparable (A = 21.6; controls 18.3 ± 1.5). Cortisol responses (nmol·L −1 ; A = 468.4, controls = 540.6 ± 32.3) and testosterone:cortisol ratio (A = 0.0461; controls = 0.0376 ± 0.004) were similar at +5 minutes. Subject A showed no 22 kDa growth hormone response at +5 minutes, while controls exhibited a substantial increase (µg·L −1 ; A = 0.4; controls = 16.7 ± 2.6). β-endorphin responses were no different at +15 minutes for Subject A relative to controls (pmol·L −1 ; A = 30.1; controls = 33.8 ± 3.7). Resting and exercise-induced endocrine physiology is partially modified with aging despite long-term participation in competitive weightlifting. Importantly, Subject A's testosterone response was largely preserved.

Drake A. Eserhaut

Andrew C. Fry

Michael H. Stone

William J. Kraemer

Acute Endocrine Responses With Long-Term Weight Lifting in a 51-Year-Old Male Weightlifter

51岁男性举重运动员长期举重训练的急性内分泌反应

Abstract Gillen, ZM. Position-specific differences in speed profiles among NFL scouting combine participants. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—This study examined the relationships between speed profiles and athletic performance measurements from the National Football League (NFL) Scouting Combine, and position-specific differences in speed profiles. Subjects included NFL Scouting Combines participants with valid scores for the 40-yard dash, as well as the 10- and 20-yard splits of the 40-yard dash ( n = 2,156). Subjects were divided into the following position groups: defensive backs (DBs, n = 421), defensive linemen (DL, n = 356), linebackers (LBs, n = 261), offensive linemen (OL, n = 354), running backs (RBs, n = 217), tight ends (TEs, n = 122), quarterbacks (QBs, n = 108), and wide receivers (WRs, n = 317). Performance measures included 40-yard dash time (with 10- and 20-yard split times), bench press repetitions to failure, vertical jump height, broad jump distance, pro-agility time, and L-cone drill time. The 40-yard dash and its splits calculated v max , τ , and a max to reflect speed profiles. One-way analysis of variances examined position-related differences. Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficients examined relationships between performance measures and speed profile variables. Skill positions (DB and WR) had the greatest v max and a max , and lowest τ , followed by big skill positions (LB, RB, TE, QB), followed by DL, then OL with the lowest v max and a max , and highest τ . For skill and big skill positions, v max , τ , and a max exhibited greater relationships with combine measures, whereas OL generally had the lowest relationships. The position-specific differences in this study demonstrate potential areas of strength and weakness for certain positions. This may help guide strength and conditioning coaches desiring to improve position-specific speed and acceleration capabilities for American football players.

Zachary M. Gillen

Position-Specific Differences in Speed Profiles Among National Football League Scouting Combine Participants

国家橄榄球联盟球探联合参与者在速度特征上的位置特异性差异

Abstract Calaway, C, Walls, K, Levitt, H, Caplan, J, Mann, B, Martinez, K, Gastaldo, R, Haq, I, and Signorile, JF. Frequency of velocity-based-training frequency impacts changes in muscle morphology, neuromuscular performance and functional capability in persons with Parkinson's disease. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—Velocity-based training (VBT) positively impacts muscle morphology and performance in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD); however, optimal training frequencies for VBT in patients with PD remain undetermined. Changes in ultrasound-determined muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI)–derived muscle quality of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL), neuromuscular performance, and functional capacity were examined following 2 VBT frequencies (2–3 d·wk −1 ) using 30% velocity loss thresholds for 12 weeks. Neuromuscular performance was assessed using computerized pneumatic resistance machines. For each variable, 2 (time) × 2 (group) repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine significant main effects and interactions. Significant time effects were seen for MT and EI of all muscles ( p &lt; 0.05). Muscle thickness improvements included right VL (RVL) (0.171 ± 0.065 cm; p = 0.019), left VL (LVL) (0.214 ± 0.101 cm; p = 0.049), right RF (RRF) (0.194 ± 0.077 cm; p = 0.023), and left RF (LRF) (0.318 ± 0.109 cm; p = 0.010). For EI, improvements occurred in RVL (−18.688 ± 3.600; p = &lt;0.001), LVL (−10.959 ± 4.894; p = 0.040), RRF (−9.516 ± 3.537; p = 0.016), and LRF (−9.018 ± 3.444; p = 0.019). Time effects were seen for leg-press 1-repetition maximum and peak power ( p &lt; 0.01) and habitual walking speed ( p = 0.022), with a group by time interaction for maximal gait speed favoring the 3 d·wk −1 condition (∆0.15 m·s −1 , p = 0.002). The results indicate that VBT at 2 or 3 d·wk −1 can significantly improve muscle morphology, neuromuscular performance, and functional capability in patients with PD; however, improvements in maximal gait speed require 3 d·wk −1 . These findings provide flexibility when developing exercise prescriptions for patients with PD.

Caleb Calaway

Kelsey Walls

Harvey Levitt

Joseph Caplan

Bryan Mann

Kylie Martinez

Rachel Gastaldo

Ihtsham Haq

Joseph F. Signorile

Frequency of Velocity-Based-Training Frequency Impacts Changes in Muscle Morphology, Neuromuscular Performance, and Functional Capability in Persons With Parkinson's Disease

基于速度的训练频率对帕金森病患者肌肉形态、神经肌肉表现和功能能力变化的影响

Abstract Lewis, A, Rattray, B, and Flood, A. Does cathodal preconditioning enhance the effects of subsequent anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on corticospinal excitability and grip strength? J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—Inconsistent effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on corticospinal excitability (CSE) and exercise performance are commonly reported. Cathodal preconditioning, involving cathodal tDCS delivered before anodal tDCS over the same region, may enhance changes in CSE and exercise beyond that resulting from anodal tDCS alone. This study aimed to investigate whether the effects of anodal tDCS on CSE and isometric grip strength can be enhanced by cathodal preconditioning. Thirty-five healthy subjects aged 19–37 years completed a familiarization session followed by 4 stimulation conditions presented in a randomized cross-over design across 4 separate sessions. tDCS doses were applied at 2 mA over the primary motor cortex for 10 minutes. Corticospinal excitability was assessed using 120% of resting motor threshold and an input/output curve of motor evoked potentials of the first dorsal interosseous. Grip strength was evaluated as time to exhaustion (TTE) in a sustained isometric contraction. Relative to conventional sham stimulation, TTE was significantly increased by 15% after conventional anodal tDCS. Corticospinal excitability increased in response to tDCS, but this effect did not differ across conditions. Cathodal preconditioning before anodal stimulation did not increase CSE or grip strength beyond that seen in the other stimulation conditions. Our findings did not reveal any significant impact of stimulation type on CSE. Notably, anodal tDCS led to a significant improvement in grip strength endurance. However, cathodal preconditioning did not seem to increase the effect of subsequent anodal stimulation on CSE nor grip strength.

Aidan Lewis

Ben Rattray

Andrew Flood

Does Cathodal Preconditioning Enhance the Effects of Subsequent Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Corticospinal Excitability and Grip Strength?

阴极预处理是否增强后续阳极经颅直流电刺激对皮层脊髓兴奋性和握力的影响？

Abstract Jiang, G, Tan, X, Zou, J, and Wu, X. A 24-week combined resistance and balance training program improves physical function in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—This randomized controlled trial assessed the feasibility of older adults performing combined resistance and balance training (RBT) and compared the effects of RBT on physical function with those of resistance training (RT) alone and with no exercise training in older adults. In total, 65 community-dwelling adults aged 60–74 years were randomly assigned to an RT ( n = 22), RBT ( n = 22), or control ( n = 21) group. The exercise intervention consisted of RT or RBT for 45 minutes, 3 times per week for 24 weeks. The control group engaged in no exercise training. The compliance rates were 93% in the RT group and 92% in the RBT group. No training-related adverse effect was observed. In the RT and RBT groups, dynamic balance ( p = 0.017; p &lt; 0.001, respectively), maximum walking speed ( p = 0.014; p &lt; 0.001), upper extremity ( p = 0.013; p = 0.009) and lower extremity ( p = 0.009; p &lt; 0.001) muscle strength, and spirometry ( p = 0.043; p = 0.018) were significantly improved at 24 weeks compared with the control group. Only the RBT group showed significant improvement in normal walking speed ( p = 0.002). Compared with the RT group, the RBT group showed additional significant improvements in dynamic balance ( p = 0.001) and lower limb muscle strength (p = 0.027). The findings of this randomized controlled trial indicated that RBT was safe and feasible for older adults. Long-term RBT had better effects than either no exercise training or RT alone on improving physical function in older adults. Compared with RT, RBT additionally benefited dynamic balance and lower limb muscle function, which are clinically important factors in preventing falls, frailty, disability, and other geriatric syndromes.

Guiping Jiang

Xiaohuan Tan

Jiling Zou

Xueping Wu

A 24-Week Combined Resistance and Balance Training Program Improves Physical Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

24周联合抗阻与平衡训练计划改善老年人身体功能：一项随机对照试验

Abbreviation	J Strength Cond Res
Journal Impact	2.40
Quartiles(Global)	SPORT SCIENCES(Q2)

ISSN	1064-8011, 1533-4287
h-index	161

Publication Information	Publisher: NSCA National Strength and Conditioning Association，Publishing cycle: Monthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1987，Proportion of original research papers: 95.18%，Self Citation Rate:12.00%， Gold OA Rate: 1.79%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：较快,2-4周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

Journal Citation Format

A journal article with 1 author

A journal article with 2 authors

A journal article with 3 authors

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Books Citation Format

Thesis Citation Format

Web sites Citation Format

Patent Citation Format

Staying up late manually editing references? ivySCI automatically matches journals and helps you generate references with a single click.

Share Submission Experience