《工业生态学杂志》涉及一系列相关主题：材料和能量流研究（“工业新陈代谢”）技术变革去物质化和脱碳生命周期规划、设计和评估环境扩展生产者责任设计（“产品管理”）生态工业园区（“工业共生”）以产品为导向的环境政策生态效率工业生态学杂志对跨学科方法的投稿开放并鼓励投稿。除了更正式的学术论文外，该杂志还寻求通过学者、环境管理者、政策制定者、倡导者和其他参与环境科学、管理和政策的人的贡献，提供一个持续交流信息和意见的论坛。

The Journal of Industrial Ecology covers a range of related topics, including the study of material and energy flows (known as 'industrial metabolism'), technological change, dematerialization and decarbonization, life cycle planning, design and assessment, extended producer responsibility design (referred to as 'product management'), eco-industrial parks (known as 'industrial symbiosis'), product-oriented environmental policies, and eco-efficiency. The journal is open to and encourages submissions that employ interdisciplinary approaches. In addition to formal academic papers, the Journal of Industrial Ecology seeks contributions from scholars, environmental managers, policymakers, advocates, and others involved in environmental science, management, and policy, providing a forum for ongoing exchange of information and opinions.

《工业生态学杂志》涵盖了一系列相关主题，包括材料和能量流的研究（即“工业新陈代谢”）、技术变革、去物质化与脱碳、生命周期规划、设计与评估、环境扩展生产者责任设计（即“产品管理”）、生态工业园区（即“工业共生”）、以产品为导向的环境政策、生态效率等。该杂志欢迎并鼓励跨学科方法的投稿。除了正式的学术论文外，《工业生态学杂志》还希望通过学者、环境管理者、政策制定者、倡导者及其他参与环境科学、管理和政策的人士的贡献，提供一个持续交流信息和意见的论坛。

Journal of Industrial Ecology

Abstract The accumulation of impurities in the recycling of steel impacts the quality of secondary steel. Understanding impurity levels is crucial in the context of the proliferation of circular economy policies, expected high recycling rates, and growth of scrap consumption. By assuming the accumulation of impurities to be equal worldwide, the understanding of the extent and variation of the mixing and accumulation was limited in previous studies, and the factors influencing those variations were not considered. This is a first cross‐national comparison of impurity accumulation in recycled steel. In this study, the copper, tin, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum content was analyzed in over 500 samples of electric arc furnace rebars from China, Japan, Vietnam, Ukraine, and the Netherlands (representing northwestern Europe) with an optical emission spectrometer. The impurity content in rebars represents the content of impurities accumulated in steel scrap in the countries studied. The measured content of impurities was then used to determine the factors influencing the accumulation of those impurities. It was revealed that the recycling technology, the presence of a market for recovered metals, the quality of the material input, steelmaking practices, and the management of byproducts derived from a legislative or economic context played a role in the impurities content. By communicating on scrap chemical content, the collaboration between the recycling and steel industries could be enhanced in terms of matching the demand and supply and facilitating an increase in the scrap share in steelmaking.

Daryna Panasiuk

Ichiro Daigo

Takeo Hoshino

Hideo Hayashi

Eiji Yamasue

Duc Huy Tran

Benjamin Sprecher

Feng Shi

Volodymyr Shatokha

International comparison of impurities mixing and accumulation in steel scrap

Abstract Life cycle assessment (LCA) and environmentally extended input–output analyses (EEIOA) are two techniques commonly used to assess environmental impacts of an activity/product. Their strengths and weaknesses are complementary, and they are thus regularly combined to obtain hybrid LCAs. A number of approaches in hybrid LCA exist, which leads to different results. One of the differences is the method used to ensure that mixed LCA and EEIOA data do not overlap, which is referred to as correction for double counting. This aspect of hybrid LCA is often ignored in reports of hybrid assessments and no comprehensive study has been carried out on it. This article strives to list, compare, and analyze the different existing methods for the correction of double counting. We first harmonize the definitions of the existing correction methods and express them in a common notation, before introducing a streamlined variant. We then compare their respective assumptions and limitations. We discuss the loss of specific information regarding the studied activity/product and the loss of coherent financial representation caused by some of the correction methods. This analysis clarifies which techniques are most applicable to different tasks, from hybridizing individual LCA processes to integrating complete databases. We finally conclude by giving recommendations for future hybrid analyses.

Maxime Agez

Guillaume Majeau‐Bettez

Manuele Margni

Anders H. Strømman

Réjean Samson

Lifting the veil on the correction of double counting incidents in hybrid life cycle assessment

Summary After reviewing recent attempts to develop sustainability indicators, this article shows how the principles of productive efficiency can be used to elaborate such indicators at the firm level. The theory of productive efficiency is somewhat expanded to incorporate fundamental issues of sustainable development: environment, equity, and futurtty. Efficiency, in the expanded notion of productive efficiency, is viewed as a necessary condition for sustainability. Working with aggregate performance indicators, it is important not to lose track of the relevant basic information. Therefore, instead of elaborating one unique indicator; we propose to implement several kinds of indicators, each of which stresses one particular focus (e.g., environmental vs. social concems). The definition of sustainable development indicators is illustrated with reference to a small data set of U.S. fossil fuel‐fired electric utilities. In a sustainabiltty perspective, two important aspects are stressed, namely, the use of nonmewable resources and the inclusion of employment as a variable to maximize rather than an input to minimize. The article ends with a discussion of the significance of, and limits to, the proposed indicators.

Daniel Tyteca

Sustainability Indicators at the Firm Level

Summary Eco‐efficiency (i.e., increasing value while reducing resource use and pollution) can with advantage be combined with eco‐effectiveness (i.e., maximizing the benefits to ecological and economical systems) to address the challenges posed by the circular economy in the design of circular industrial systems. We present a framework combining life cycle assessment (LCA) and the Cradle to Cradle® (C2C) certification program for the development of continuous loop packaging systems, which was conceived for aluminum cans in the context of the Carlsberg Circular Community. As a first step, the environmentally optimal beverage packaging life cycle scenario is identified, both in terms of defined use and reuse. Second, the limiting factors are identified for the continuous use of materials in multiple loops, meeting the two requirements in the C2C certification process that address the material level (i.e., “material health” and “material reutilization” criteria) and the “renewable energy” criterion. Then, alternative scenarios are built to meet C2C certification criteria, and LCA is used to quantify the environmental impacts of the resulting improvement strategies, for example, change in material composition, in order to guide the identification of the optimal scenario from an eco‐efficiency point of view. Finally, the business perspective is addressed by assessing the potential for a green value network business model for a closed‐loop supply. The outcome is a list of prioritized actions needed to implement the most efficient and effective “upcycling” strategy for the beverage packaging, both from an environmental and an economic point of view. In the case of the aluminum cans, the main recommendation from both the LCA and C2C perspective is to ensure a system that enables can‐to‐can recycling.

Monia Niero

Michael Z. Hauschild

Simon B. Hoffmeyer

Stig I. Olsen

Combining Eco‐Efficiency and Eco‐Effectiveness for Continuous Loop Beverage Packaging Systems: Lessons from the Carlsberg Circular Community

Abstract Industrial ecology (IE) research has well established expertise in accounting for the material stocks, flows, and associated impacts of industrial and consumer activities in a variety of scales and manifestations. As with many other science and social science fields, however, the pathways from IE research findings to policy and business decision‐making are often unclear and unsatisfactory. This issue creates a challenge for the application of industrial ecology to sustainable development. By reviewing several strands of literature, this article investigates alternative ways to generate and use research findings to support decision‐making and social change. It argues that advances in both the core and the emerging methods in IE complement each other to improve transparency and reliability of research evidence; extension and contextualization of current findings corresponding to different stages in policy‐making and organizational decision processes make research evidence more informative; a learning perspective makes research evidence valuable and used in more flexible ways. To better assist decision‐making for societal change, more dialogues between researchers of different methodological cultures and between researchers and other stakeholders and a paradigm shift in social systems for which industrial ecologists should be conscious and proactive are required.

Junming Zhu

Suggested use? On evidence‐based decision‐making in industrial ecology and beyond

建议用途？论工业生态学及更广泛领域的循证决策

Abstract Buildings provide indispensable services for human well‐being, but their construction and use are responsible for a substantial fraction of societies’ resource requirements and greenhouse gas emissions. Mapping and quantifying the material stocks in buildings is a key research frontier in industrial ecology. Reliable and spatially highly resolved maps of material stocks in buildings worldwide are so far not available. Existing approaches based on nighttime light data allow large‐scale coverage, but their spatial resolution is usually ∼0.5–1 km. Other methods using light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and cadaster data achieve higher resolution and accuracy, but do not allow wall‐to‐wall mapping of large regions. Based on high‐resolution Earth Observation data combined with material intensity factors (kg per m 3 of building volume), we quantify and map material stocks in buildings at the unprecedented resolution of 90 m globally. We distinguish 18 types of materials in five types of buildings. We find that global material stocks in buildings amount to 547 (391–672) Gt, approximately half of total global societal material stocks. We find highly unequal distributions of material stocks in buildings per capita and per unit area of each country. Our results agree well with previous detailed estimates of material stocks in buildings in dedicated regions or individual cities. Improved and harmonized material intensity factors emerge as a key research area for improving the accuracy of material stock maps. Our results are available as data products with high spatial and thematic resolution to facilitate future studies; for example, of secondary resource potentials. This article met the requirements for a gold‐gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges .

Helmut Haberl

André Baumgart

Julian Zeidler

Franz Schug

David Frantz

Daniela Palacios‐Lopez

Tomer Fishman

Yoav Peled

Bowen Cai

Doris Virág

Patrick Hostert

Dominik Wiedenhofer

Thomas Esch

Weighing the global built environment: High‐resolution mapping and quantification of material stocks in buildings

全球建成环境评估：建筑物中材料存量的高分辨率制图与量化

Abstract Circular economy and criticality assessments require comprehensive monitoring of anthropogenic material flows and stocks at a regional level. Therefore, this study presents a multiregional trade‐linked dynamic MFA model for zinc. The model covers the entire life cycle from mining to recycling for the regions China, Europe, North America, Latin America, and Asia. The dynamic approach allows the analysis of the development of the cycles from 1995 to 2020. The interregional trade is quantified at each life cycle stage by using the Comtrade database. Sensitivity analysis is applied to account for uncertainties in the exogenous data. The results reveal large regional disparities in the zinc industry. While China shows enormous growth, Europe has already reached a steady state in zinc consumption and anthropogenic stock. The current global consumption is strongly driven by China, leading to a strong increase of its zinc stock in use. However, Europe has the largest zinc stock in use, especially on a per capita basis. North America's zinc consumption is decoupled from its economic growth, as evidenced by the recent decline in its zinc stock in use. In terms of recycling, Europe shows the highest volumes and the best circular performance, as indicated by high recycling rates, partly due to the extensive use of more easily recyclable product types. In all regions, there is potential for increased recycling by treatment of zinc‐bearing steelmaking dusts. China's strict regulation successfully triggered large‐scale implementation of respective recovery processes, leading to increasing recycling rates. This article met the requirements for a gold‐gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges .

L. Rostek

A. Loibl

Linking regional MFA models: Understanding disparities within the global zinc cycle

链接区域物质流分析模型：理解全球锌循环中的差异

Abstract Water electrolysis technologies for producing green hydrogen are promising options for avoiding the use of fossil fuels and thus limiting climate change. Hydrogen can be used in a variety of sectors, enabling sector coupling, and strengthening the security of the energy supply through its storability. Environmental impacts provoked by green hydrogen production are comparatively low and improving manufacturing processes and technological advances will enable to further reduce the demand for raw materials and electricity and thus the environmental impacts. The objective of this study is to compare the status quo with prospective trends and target values. Learning curves of expected specific electricity demand and critical raw material (CRM) intensity are applied, and environmental impacts are subsequently analyzed via life cycle assessment. This study focuses on the polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis technology. As a result of the calculated learning curves, the CRM intensity could be reduced by more than 96% between 2022 and 2050. The specific electricity demand is projected to be reduced by 11.2%–22.5%. Combining the extrapolated reductions of electricity and CRM demand, a climate change impact decrease of 16.5%–28.5% is possible for green hydrogen production until the year 2050.

Jan Christian Koj

Petra Zapp

Christoph Wieland

Klaus Görner

Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs

Green hydrogen production by PEM water electrolysis up to the year 2050: Prospective life cycle assessment using learning curves

2050年前通过PEM水电解制备绿色氢气：利用学习曲线进行前瞻性生命周期评估

Abstract The transition toward electrification of transportation has resulted in a rapid increase in the demand for battery cells. While this demand is currently being met through the use of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), alternative batteries like sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and solid‐state batteries (SSBs) are emerging as relevant alternatives. In this study, we analyze, based on current electric vehicle electrode stack designs, the environmental impact of LIB cells, SIB cells, and SSB cells. The life cycle assessment results from this cradle‐to‐gate study show that for LIB cell production today, ∼58–92 kgCO 2 ‐eq are emitted per kWh cell and ∼296–624 kWh CED /kWh cell of primary energy is required. In SIB cell production, ∼75–87 kgCO 2 ‐eq/kWh cell is emitted, and in SSB cell production, ∼88–130 kgCO 2 ‐eq/kWh cell , depending on their specific electrode stack configuration. The results demonstrate that LFP (lithium–iron–phosphate) cells require the least energy for production across all battery types under analysis. Furthermore, the findings indicate that, in terms of global warming potential (GWP), LFP and NMC900 (nickel–manganese–cobalt) cells are the most sustainable battery types, at least when focusing solely on battery cell production and neglecting subsequent use phases. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that by optimizing the cell designs and their production, the environmental impact of battery cell production can be reduced in the short term by up to −38%. This allows the production of LFP battery cells with a low GWP of ∼37 kgCO 2 ‐eq/kWh cell and NMC900 cells with ∼44 kgCO 2 ‐eq/kWh cell . Moreover, there is considerable room for improvement in other major LIB cell types. This article met the requirements for a gold‐gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges .

Florian Degen

Miriam Mitterfellner

Achim Kampker

Comparative life cycle assessment of lithium‐ion, sodium‐ion, and solid‐state battery cells for electric vehicles

电动汽车用锂离子、钠离子和固态电池单元的比较生命周期评估

Abstract Legislation and market competition make it necessary to assess systems regarding their environmental, social, and economic impacts. The life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) approach can be used for this purpose. However, the literature shows limitations of this approach. This article focuses on the often encountered inconsistency and reduced transparency within the economic dimension due to the lack of harmonized impact assessment methods. Therefore, we propose a novel economic life cycle impact assessment (eLCIA) method called DEALA (Differentiated Economic Assessment in a Life Cycle‐Oriented Analysis), which allows economic assessments at three levels of aggregation. Overall, DEALA is based on economic principles and provides a structured approach to conduct environmental life cycle costing studies, resulting in greater transparency, comparability, and flexibility, as illustrated by an initial comparison with an existing case study. DEALA also facilitates a differentiated and detailed analysis of the results so that hotspots and improvement potentials can be identified, making DEALA a suitable economic LCIA method that should be considered in future studies. These benefits are confirmed through a LCSA of a battery supply chain. The assessment provides detailed and specific insights that can be used to design more sustainable battery supply chains.

Jan‐Linus Popien

Alexander Barke

Raphael Ginster

Theresa Striecks

Christian Thies

Thomas S. Spengler

DEALA — A novel economic life cycle impact assessment method for differentiated economic assessments in the context of life cycle sustainability assessments

DEALA——一种新的经济生命周期影响评估方法，用于生命周期可持续性评估背景下的差异化经济评估

Abbreviation	J. Ind. Ecol.
Journal Impact	5.04
Quartiles(Global)	GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY(Q2)

ISSN	1088-1980, 1530-9290
h-index	130

Publication Information	Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell，Publishing cycle: Bi-monthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1997，Proportion of original research papers: 96.83%，Self Citation Rate:6.10%， Gold OA Rate: 51.06%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：较慢,12-24周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：较易

Journal of Industrial Ecology

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