The International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding (IJPC) is a bi-monthly, scientific and professional journal emphasizing quality pharmaceutical compounding. IJPC is the only publication that covers pharmaceutical compounding topics relevant and necessary to empower pharmacists to meet the needs of today"s patients. No other publication features hands-on, how-to compounding techniques or the information that contemporary pharmacists need to provide individualized care.

The International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding (IJPC) is a bi-monthly scientific and professional journal that emphasizes high-quality pharmaceutical compounding. IJPC is the only publication that covers topics relevant to pharmaceutical compounding, empowering pharmacists to meet the needs of today's patients. No other publication features practical, hands-on compounding techniques or the information that contemporary pharmacists require to provide individualized care.

《国际药物调配期刊》(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding) 是一本双月刊的科学与专业期刊，专注于高质量的药物调配。IJPC 是唯一一本涵盖药物调配相关主题的出版物，旨在帮助药剂师满足当今患者的需求。没有其他出版物提供如此实用的药物调配技术和当代药剂师提供个性化护理所需的信息。

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding

Concentrated 7% w/w a-arbutin cream was formulated and evaluated using O/W and W/O emulsion bases as an extemporaneous preparation for melasma treatment. Cream bases were formulated with two pH values, 4.0 and 5.5, using a hot process. The stability of the creams was studied for 60 days under three storage conditions (i.e., 2°C to 8°C, 30°C, 40°C). Cream characteristics and all aspects of product stability including physical, chemical, and microbial were investigated. Stability was defined as no dramatic change in color, viscosity, pH, and no visible microbial growth. For stability, at least 90% of the initial a-arbutin concentration quantified by stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography must be obtained. It was found that pH had no influence on the a-arbutin or formulations' stability. All formulations had a-arbutin remaining higher than 90% (approximately 92%) after being stored for 60 days in all storage conditions with no significant changes in pH or viscosity. All samples complied with the microbial limits test for nonsterile pharmaceutical preparation for cutaneous products. However, a color change was detected in O/W and W/O emulsions, especially at 40°C storage condition within 28 and 14 days, respectively. Drug crystals were observed in W/O emulsion stored at 2°C to 8°C. Concerning the in vitro drug release, a-arbutin was released from O/W emulsion but not from W/O emulsion. From the above results, the O/W emulsion that was developed in this study can be used as a cream base for concentrated a-arbutin as an extemporaneous preparation. The developed a-arbutin cream prepared using O/W emulsions can be used as an extemporaneous preparation with a beyond-use date of 60 days when stored at room temperature (30°C) and in the refrigerator (2°C to 8°C).

Veerawat Teeranachaideekul

Worrawee Boonsongsawat

Waralee Asanawittaya

Anchalee Jintapattanakit

Doungdaw Chantasart

Amaraporn Wongrakpanich

International journal of pharmaceutical compounding

Formulation and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Extemporaneous α-arbutin Creams for the Treatment of Melasma.

α-熊果苷乳膏的配方制备及治疗黄褐斑的药学评价

Loyd V Allen

Int J Pharm Compd

PreScription: The NASEM cBHT Report, Part 2.

处方：NASEM cBHT报告，第二部分。

Intravenous admixture compounding is common practice in most hospitals throughout the world. In this intravenous admixture series, we are covering important and practical topics. This issue presents considerations related to ready-to-use products in preparing/compounding admixtures and in actually compounding ready-to-use preparations in the pharmacy for patient use; most compounded intravenous admixtures are ready-to-use for a specific patient. Considerations include room, refrigerated, and frozen ready-to-use, activated ready-to-use, compounding with ready-to-use, implementing a ready-to-use program, and examples of ready-to-use products, their composition, container size, and packaging.

Intravenous Admixture Preparation Considerations, Part 8: Ready-to-Use Preparations.

静脉输液混合制备注意事项，第8部分：即用型制剂。

Pediatric patients are sensitive to bitter-tasting substances and often resist taking them orally; however, they do like sweet substances from birth through mid-adolescence. To improve compliance, compounding pharmacists need to consider the palatability of compounded medications in addition to stability, safety, and effectiveness. Metronidazole compounded oral suspension is commonly prepared with the benzoate ester because it does not have a bitter taste; however, it has been on backorder and unavailable for months. A palatable metronidazole compounded oral suspension needs to be developed using the metronidazole base in order to meet the treatment needs of pediatric patients and improve compliance during this shortage.

Linda F McElhiney

Case Report: The Quest for a Palatable Compounded Metronidazole (Base) Suspension.

病例报告：寻求可口的复方甲硝唑（基质）混悬液

The physical compatibility of cefiderocol for injection (prepared as a diluted 2% cefiderocol solution) with potential co-administration drug products is presented. The compatibility of cefiderocol with a selection of 91 intravenous drugs was tested at clinically relevant concentrations using the admixed volume ratio 1:1. Compatibility of the mixtures was determined by visual observations, turbidity, and particulate-matter measurements. The mixtures were examined immediately after mixing, and then at 1 hour and 4 hours thereafter at room temperature. When using 0.9% sodium chloride or 5% dextrose injection for diluents, solutions of dobutamine hydrochloride, esomeprazole sodium, methylprednisolone acetate, propofol, rocuronium bromide, amiodarone hydrochloride, famotidine, labetalol hydrochloride, mycophenolate mofetil, acyclovir sodium, amphotericin B, caspofungin acetate, doxycycline, posaconazole, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, and phenytoin sodium were found to cause visible cloudiness upon mixing with 2% cefiderocol in both diluents. Solutions of lorazepam, tobramycin sulfate, and vancomycin hydrochloride were determined incompatible by examining the mixtures with the aid of a Tyndall light. These 19 drugs were clearly incompatible with cefiderocol for injection by visual examination. In addition, solutions of iron sucrose and albumin were incompatible with 2% cefiderocol based on sub-visual tests for turbidity and/or particulate matter. Based on sub-visual data, the 0.9% sodium chloride admixture of aminophylline and 2% cefiderocol was incompatible, while inconclusive results were obtained for the 0.9% sodium chloride admixtures of 2% cefiderocol with amikacin sulfate. Similarly, the 5% dextrose admixtures of either ciprofloxacin or polymyxin B sulfate with 2% cefiderocol were incompatible, whereas data for phenylephrine hydrochloride morphine sulfate, or undiluted sodium bicarbonate were inconclusive. Overall, the 2% cefiderocol solution was physically compatible with 63 of 91 drugs challenged at 1:1 volume ratio in both 0.9% sodium chloride and 5% dextrose diluents for at least 4 hours at the concentrations tested in this study.

Juan Lu

Qiang Liu

Thomas C Kupiec

Herbert Vail

Leslie R Lynch

David S Fam

Nicole T Vu

Physical Compatibility of Cefiderocol with Selected Intravenous Drugs During Simulated Y-site Administration.

头孢地尔与选定静脉药物在模拟Y型给药途径中的物理相容性。

The objective of this review was to collect information and results about the method of the microwave freeze-thaw treatment of injectable drugs and whether the method can support the development of Centralized Intravenous Admixtures Services. A systematic review of the scientific literature about injectable drug stability studies was performed. The data are presented in a table, which describes the name of the drug, producer, final concentration, temperature and time of freezing storage, type of microwave oven, thawing power, method of dosage, and the results after treatment or final long-term storage at 5°C ± 3°C. From 1980 to 2021, 60 drugs were studied by the microwave freeze-thaw treatment, and the results were presented in 49 publications. Forty papers were presented by 8 teams (2 to 18 by team). The temperatures of freezing storage varied from -70°C to -10°C, the time storage from 4 hours to 12 months, and the thaw from low to full power. Drug concentrations were mainly determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Most of the 59 drugs were stable during and after treatment. Only three teams tested the long-term stability after the microwave freeze-thaw treatment, the first for ganciclovir after 7 days, the second for ceftizoxime after 30 days, and the third for 20 drugs after 11 to 70 days. This review can help Centralized Intravenous Additive Services take charge of the productions of ready-to-use injectable drugs.

Jean-Daniel Hecq

Laura Soumoy

Mélanie Closset

Marie-Lise Colsoul

Jacques Jamart

Laurence Galanti

Microwave Freeze-thaw Technique for Injectable Drugs: A Review Updated from 1980 to 2021.

微波冷冻解冻技术在注射药物中的应用：1980年至2021年综述更新

PreScription: IJPC -- Twenty-Five Year Anniversary.

处方：IJPC - 二十五周年纪念。

Dispensing remains a key component of the pharmacy undergraduate curriculum, teaching skills in the individualized preparation of medicines. In hospitals, pharmacists compound medicines to improve access for patients who would otherwise not have the medicine in the suitable formulation. Current trends suggest that the dispensing curriculum needs to be improved to include topics that will equip students with skills and competences in hospital compounding. The objective of this review was to describe compounding needs and practices in hospitals in Nigeria with a view to curriculum development. Four studies were retrieved that show that compounding was for magistral preparations or products prepared from other existing products. Most of the compounded medicines were oral liquids for use in pediatric patients. The majority of compounded medicines were in three therapeutic groups: 1) cardiovascular, 2) antimicrobials, and 3) vitamins. These were commonly prepared by crushing tablets or emptying capsules into compounding vehicles such as distilled water, vitamin C, or vitamin B-complex syrups. Being magistral, these are not included in the curriculum by default, as the curriculum focuses on officinal preparations. Expanded training to include a module incorporating protocols for the preparation and quality and stability testing for these compounded medicines advances the practice of dispensing and is urgently needed.

Ebiowei Samuel F Orubu

Bernard Opatimidi Patani

Matthew Ikhuoria Arhewoh

Hospital Compounding in Nigeria: A Review of Needs, Practice, and Suggestions for Pharmaceutical Dispensing Ciurriculum Development.

尼日利亚医院配药：需求、实践及药学配药课程发展建议综述。

A literature review was conducted in 2019 on the reconstitution of intravenous drugs. The following methods were identified: manual, semi-automatic, and automatic. A classification was carried out in three categories: automatic syringes, peristaltic pumps, and compounding doses robots. Data concerning the robots described in the previous review and possible robots that have appeared in the meantime were collected. The robots have been classified into 2 categories: with or without arms. The objective of the present review focuses on an updated review of the availability of compounding robots for intravenous therapy that are currently on the market.

Compounding Robots for Intravenous Therapy in European Countries: A Review in 2020.

欧洲国家静脉治疗机器人复合应用综述：2020年回顾

The doses, dosage forms, and compositions of pharmaceutical compounds are as numerous and varied as the conditions for which they are prescribed. Although many patients in the U.S. have access to standardized medications that are effective, people who experience adverse effects from preservatives, dyes, or fillers; rely on nonstandard chemotherapy protocols; or must be treated with atypical routes of therapy often benefit from medicines designed to meet their specific medical needs and personal preferences. Among the conditions that often prove refractory to standardized therapies are dermal injuries, which, if inadequately or inappropriately treated, can severely compromise overall health and well-being. In this article, the use of insulin to treat such lesions, especially in diabetic patients, is discussed, and a formulation for a topical compounded preparation containing that agent is provided.

Mike Riepl

Compounding Pearls -- Wound Care: Drugs and Formulations for Dermal Healing, Part 4. Insulin.

复合珍珠——伤口护理：皮肤愈合的药物和制剂，第4部分。胰岛素。

ISSN	1092-4221, 1943-5223
h-index	13

Publication Information	Publisher: International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2006，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding

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