JAWRA 力求成为关于多学科水资源问题的杰出学术出版物。 JAWRA 论文提出了来自多个学科的观点，这些观点交织在一起，以深入了解关键的水问题，或者主要基于对其他学科有重要应用的单一学科。论文通常涵盖最近 AWRA 会议的主题，例如河岸生态学、地理信息系统、适应性管理和水资源政策。JAWRA 作者向更广泛的受众介绍其学科领域内的工作。我们的副主编和审稿人反映了这种多样性，以确保对广泛的主题进行知识渊博和公平的审查。我们特别鼓励提交能够传达读者可以使用的“带回家的信息”的论文。

The Journal of the American Water Resources Association aims to be a leading academic publication on multidisciplinary water resource issues. The papers published in this journal present perspectives from various disciplines, interwoven to provide a deeper understanding of critical water issues, or primarily based on a single discipline with significant applications to others. The papers typically cover topics from recent AWRA conferences, such as riparian ecology, geographic information systems, adaptive management, and water resource policy. Authors in JAWRA present their work to a broader audience within their fields. Our associate editors and reviewers reflect this diversity to ensure knowledgeable and fair reviews of a wide range of topics. We particularly encourage submissions that convey 'take-home messages' that readers can apply.

《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》致力于成为多学科水资源问题的杰出学术出版物。该期刊的论文汇集了来自不同学科的观点，旨在深入理解关键水资源问题，或基于对其他学科有重要应用的单一学科。论文通常涵盖最近AWRA会议的主题，如河岸生态学、地理信息系统、适应性管理和水资源政策。JAWRA的作者向更广泛的受众介绍其学科领域的研究成果。我们的副主编和审稿人反映了这种多样性，以确保对广泛主题的知识渊博和公正的审查。我们特别鼓励提交能够传达给读者“带回家的信息”的论文。

Journal of the American Water Resources Association

Abstract Intact riparian ecosystems are rich in biological diversity, but throughout the world, many have been degraded. Biodiversity declines, particularly of vertebrates, have led to experimental efforts to restore riparian forests by thinning young stands to accelerate creation of large diameter live trees. However, many vertebrates depend on large diameter deadwood that is standing as snags or fallen to the forest floor or fallen into streams. Therefore, we reviewed the sizes of deadwood and live trees used by different vertebrate species to understand which species are likely to benefit from different thinning treatments. We then examined how riparian thinning affects the long‐term development of both large diameter live trees and deadwood. To this end, we used a forest growth model to examine how different forest thinning intensities might affect the long‐term production and abundance of live trees and deadwood. Our results suggest that there are long‐term habitat tradeoffs associated with different thinning intensities. Species that utilize large diameter live trees will benefit most from heavy thinning, whereas species that utilize large diameter deadwood will benefit most from light or no thinning. Because far more vertebrate species utilize large deadwood rather than large live trees, allowing riparian forests to naturally develop may result in the most rapid and sustained development of structural features important to most terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates.

Michael M. Pollock

Timothy J. Beechie

JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association

Does Riparian Forest Restoration Thinning Enhance Biodiversity? The Ecological Importance of Large Wood

河岸森林恢复疏伐是否能增强生物多样性？大型木材的生态重要性

Abstract: Long‐term flow records for watersheds with minimal human influence have shown trends in recent decades toward increasing streamflow at regional and national scales, especially for low flow quantiles like the annual minimum and annual median flows. Trends for high flow quantiles are less clear, despite recent research showing increased precipitation in the conterminous United States over the last century that has been brought about primarily by an increased frequency and intensity of events in the upper 10th percentile of the daily precipitation distribution – particularly in the Northeast. This study investigates trends in 28 long‐term annual flood series for New England watersheds with dominantly natural streamflow. The flood series are an average of 75 years in length and are continuous through 2006. Twenty‐five series show upward trends via the nonparametric Mann‐Kendall test, 40% (10) of which are statistically significant ( p &lt; 0.1). Moreover, an average standardized departures series for 23 of the study gages indicates that increasing flood magnitudes in New England occurred as a step change around 1970. The timing of this is broadly synchronous with a phase change in the low frequency variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation, a prominent upper atmospheric circulation pattern that is known to effect climate variability along the United States east coast. Identifiable hydroclimatic shifts should be considered when the affected flow records are used for flood frequency analyses. Special treatment of the flood series can improve the analyses and provide better estimates of flood magnitudes and frequencies under the prevailing hydroclimatic condition.

Mathias J. Collins

Evidence for Changing Flood Risk in New England Since the Late 20th Century1

20世纪末以来新英格兰地区洪水风险变化的证据1

ABSTRACT: Machine learning techniques are finding more and more applications in the field of forecasting. A novel regression technique, called Support Vector Machine (SVM), based on the statistical learning theory is explored in this study. SVM is based on the principle of Structural Risk Minimization as opposed to the principle of Empirical Risk Minimization espoused by conventional regression techniques. The flood data at Dhaka, Bangladesh, are used in this study to demonstrate the forecasting capabilities of SVM. The result is compared with that of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based model for one‐lead day to seven‐lead day forecasting. The improvements in maximum predicted water level errors by SVM over ANN for four‐lead day to seven‐lead day are 9.6 cm, 22.6 cm, 4.9 cm and 15.7 cm, respectively. The result shows that the prediction accuracy of SVM is at least as good as and in some cases (particularly at higher lead days) actually better than that of ANN, yet it offers advantages over many of the limitations of ANN, for example in arriving at ANN's optimal network architecture and choosing useful training set. Thus, SVM appears to be a very promising prediction tool.

Shie‐Yui Liong

Chandrasekaran Sivapragasam

FLOOD STAGE FORECASTING WITH SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES1

基于支持向量机的洪水水位预测1

Abstract Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was widely used in hydrological simulation, river network calculation, flood control, and disaster reduction, but it was rarely used in ship lock hydraulics simulation. In this paper, SWMM is used to simulate the water filling and emptying process in ship lock. One‐dimensional hydraulic mathematical models are established for the centralized filling and emptying system, simple decentralized filling and emptying system, and complex decentralized filling and emptying system, respectively, and they are applied to Mengli Ship Lock of North River in Guangdong Province, Qiaogong Ship Lock of Hongshui River, and Bajiangkou Ship Lock of Gui River in Guangxi Province of China. Compared with the results from the physical model experiments of ship lock hydraulics, it is shown that SWMM has better simulation effects on the centralized filling and emptying system with short corridor and the simple decentralized filling and emptying system, and their relative errors of filling and emptying time and maximum flow are totally less than 5%. For the complex decentralized filling and emptying system, SWMM has a good simulation effect on the water level change process, but the simulation error of the flow change process is larger relatively, and the relative errors of filling and emptying time and maximum flow are totally less than 10%. In addition, the filling and emptying process simulations are all completed within 5 s for three types of filling and emptying systems. The results show that the mathematical model of ship lock filling and emptying based on SWMM has high operation efficiency and good simulation accuracy and can not only be used as an effective tool for hydraulic calculation of ship lock but also provide mathematical model support for navigation intelligent scheduling.

Jiayi Zhang

Zhenghua Gu

Minxiong Cao

Study on simulating the filling and emptying process of ship lock based on Storm Water Management Model

基于暴雨洪水管理模型的船闸充泄水过程模拟研究

Abstract Unimpaired flow, also known as “virgin” or “naturalized” flow, is the theoretical runoff that would occur absent human alteration and is a common metric used worldwide to support watershed management, regulation and ecosystem restoration. California water managers use an existing record of unimpaired runoff from 10 watersheds upstream of the San Francisco Estuary to inform a variety of planning and regulatory functions. In this work, we extended the available record by several decades to 1872. This runoff reconstruction, accomplished through a multivariate regression‐based modeling approach, used a novel time series methodology that decomposes and combines sparse records measured at varying locations to generate composite temperature and precipitation input for each watershed. Runoff predictions were used to calculate watershed runoff indices and assign water year classifications using current regulatory conventions. The first third of the extended record (1872–1921) has a significantly higher percentage of wet years and a significantly lower percentage of dry and critically dry years compared with the latter two‐thirds of the record (1922–2021). Consistent with earlier paleohydrology research, this finding indicates the occurrence of a dramatic decadal‐scale hydrologic shift from very wet to very dry conditions during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Yuchuan Lai

Paul H. Hutton

Sujoy B. Roy

Reconstructing seasonal unimpaired runoff volumes to the San Francisco Estuary: Extending the available record back to water year 1872

重建旧金山湾季节性未受干扰径流量：将可用记录追溯至1872年水文年

Abstract Monitoring vegetation response to valley‐scale floodplain restoration to evaluate effectiveness can be costly and time‐consuming. We used publicly available National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) data and commonly used ArcGIS software to assess land cover change over time at five study sites located in semi‐arid environments of eastern Oregon and north‐central California. Accuracy assessments of our unsupervised classifications were used to evaluate effectiveness. Overall accuracy across sites and years ranged from 64.2% to 89.2% with mean and median accuracy of 79.1% and 80.6%, respectively. Further, we compared our classifications with high‐resolution uncrewed aerial systems (UAS)‐based data collected in the same timeframe. Restored areas classified as dense vegetation were within 4% of the UAS study, water was within 6%, and post‐restoration classifications of sparse vegetation and bare ground classes were within 6% and 4% of the UAS study, respectively. This comparison demonstrates that our unsupervised NAIP data classification of land cover change across entire valley‐scale restoration projects can be used to monitor riparian vegetation change over time as accurately as UAS‐based methods, but at lower cost. Additionally, our methods leverage existing fine‐resolution, pre‐restoration vegetation density data that were not collected as part of project planning.

Jay W. Munyon

Rebecca L. Flitcroft

Evaluating floodplain vegetation after valley‐scale restoration with unsupervised classification of National Agriculture Imagery Program data in semi‐arid environments

半干旱环境下利用国家农业影像计划数据的无监督分类评估河谷尺度恢复后的洪泛区植被

Abstract This study investigates whether improvements could be achieved for the United States National Water Model (NWM) by using a data‐driven reservoir operation simulation algorithm, that is, the generic data‐driven reservoir operation model (GDROM), to replace the existing reservoir representation in NWM for reservoir routing in streamflow simulation. The evaluations of NWM versus NWM + GDROM are conducted using 41‐year NWM retrospective simulation products during 1979 to 2020. The results show that NWM + GDROM exhibits significant improvement to NWM in both the entire Contiguous U.S. (CONUS) and various regions. It is found that the accuracy of reservoir inflow and storage values affects the NWM + GDROM improvement. When driven by observed storage (which is usually more accurate than modeled storage) or more accurately simulated inflow, NWM + GDROM produces more significant improvements in reservoir outflow simulations in all the study CONUS regions. Especially, since high flows are more accurately simulated by NWM than low flows, NWM + GDROM has larger improvement for the simulation of high flows than low flows.

Donghui Li

Anav Vora

Ximing Cai

Streamflow simulation improvements enabled by a state‐of‐the‐art algorithm for reservoir routing in the <scp>U.S.</scp> National Water Model

美国国家水模型中采用最先进水库调度算法实现的径流模拟改进

Abstract Excess nutrient loads from streams drive primary production in downstream lakes, and managing these loads is key to achieving desired conditions in lakes. However, quantifying nutrient loads requires intensive sampling of both nutrient concentrations and streamflow. Total phosphorus measurements collected during routine stream monitoring are broadly available, but these data are thought to provide little information on annual nutrient loads because they are typically collected during low, baseflow conditions. Here, we demonstrate that these routine phosphorus measurements are correlated with annual nutrient loads. We also show that the average of these routine measurements of stream phosphorus within a watershed predict the average lake chlorophyll concentration in that same watershed. These relationships can then be used to set targets for stream phosphorus concentrations to achieve desired conditions in lakes.

Abbreviation	J Am Water Resour Assoc
Journal Impact	2.49
Quartiles(Global)	WATER RESOURCES(Q2)

ISSN	1093-474X, 1752-1688
h-index	122

Publication Information	Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd，Publishing cycle: Bimonthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1967，Proportion of original research papers: 96.94%，Self Citation Rate:7.70%， Gold OA Rate: 27.20%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均3.0个月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：较易

Journal of the American Water Resources Association

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Does Riparian Forest Restoration Thinning Enhance Biodiversity? The Ecological Importance of Large Wood

Evidence for Changing Flood Risk in New England Since the Late 20th Century¹

FLOOD STAGE FORECASTING WITH SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES¹

Study on simulating the filling and emptying process of ship lock based on Storm Water Management Model

Reconstructing seasonal unimpaired runoff volumes to the San Francisco Estuary: Extending the available record back to water year 1872

Reconstructing seasonal unimpaired runoff volumes to the San Francisco Estuary: Extending the available record back to water year 1872

Study on simulating the filling and emptying process of ship lock based on Storm Water Management Model

Evaluating floodplain vegetation after valley‐scale restoration with unsupervised classification of National Agriculture Imagery Program data in semi‐arid environments

Streamflow simulation improvements enabled by a state‐of‐the‐art algorithm for reservoir routing in the U.S. National Water Model

Predicting lake chlorophyll from stream phosphorus concentrations