African Journal of Urology

Abstract Background Urolithiasis has become a global major disease that affects millions of people every year. The data regarding the disease in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. Our purpose is to evaluate the prevalence, epidemiological, and clinical data related to urolithiasis in Somalia. Methods Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, systematic review utilized Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) on the following sites; PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO host, EMBase, Medline, and Cochrane Libraries, using the keywords “Urolithiasis”, “Urinary stone disease”, “Urinary stones” “Renal stone” “Nephrolithiasis”, “Kidney stone”, “Ureter stone”, “Uretero-lithiasis”, “Bladder stone”, “Cystolithiasis”, and “Urethral stone” singly and in combinations terms like “Somalia”, “Somaliland”, “Puntland” and “Mogadishu” to identify relevant published studies. After removing 57 duplicate articles and those with incomplete published results, 141 articles were screened based on their abstracts and titles. Finally, only six studies were eligible to be included in the final systematic review. Results Of the six articles included, 14,612 patient records were reviewed for urinary stone disease prevalence, patient demographics, radiological stone characteristics, and urinary stone management. The mean patient age was 34.6. Males were predominantly affected compared to females with 65.7% and 34.3%, respectively. Adults (≥ 18 years old) accounted for 87.9% of the patients while 12.1% being children. Reported urolithiasis prevalence ranged from 8.1% to 17%. Of the 1,442 nephrolithiasis cases, 180 (14.6%) were staghorn calculi while 72.4% had a single stone and 27.6% had multiple stones. The mean stone size was 14.13 mm (± 5.96). The majority of the patients, 389 (36.8%), underwent open lithotomy. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was performed in 234 (22.1%) of cases, out of which 126 (11.9%) underwent standard PCNL and 108 (10.2%) super mini PCNL (SMP). Ureteroscopic pneumatic surgery (URS) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) were performed in 122 (11.5%) and 199 (18%) cases, respectively. Conclusion Somalia reported high urolithiasis prevalence. Urological centers in the capital have started using the new advanced techniques for stone management, nevertheless, open lithotomy is still predominantly utilized. No study has detailed patient demographics and stone composition has still not been reported.

Najib Isse Dirie

Jihaan Hassan

Abdirahman Omar Hussein

Bashiru Garba

Hodo Aideed Asowe

Fartun Abdullahi Hassan Orey

Abdirahman Khalif Mohamud

Mohamed Hussein Adam

Jamal Hassan Mohamoud

Mohamed Mustaf Ahmed

Maryan Abdullahi Sh. Nur

Burden of urolithiasis: a systematic review of epidemiological and clinical trends in Somalia

索马里尿路结石负担：流行病学和临床趋势的系统综述

Abstract Background Radical cystectomy (RC) and urinary diversion are treatment modalities for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, in Cameroon, there is little information on orthotopic neo-bladder (ONB) reconstruction in the literature. Objective We aimed to share our indications for ONB reconstruction, evaluate the functional outcomes, and enumerate the surgical complications. By sharing our experience with ONB reconstruction, we hope to broaden the understanding of this procedure and aid in anticipating its various outcomes. Methods A retrospective assessment of medical records was conducted for all patients who underwent ONB reconstruction after RC for bladder cancer from January 2020 to April 2023 at Nkwen Baptist Hospital. Data collected included socio-demographic details, clinical and pathological data, indications for surgery, voiding, and metabolic outcomes at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Data analysis was performed using IBM-SPSS version 26.0. Results Eighteen patients (66.7% male) with a mean age of 60.50 (± 6.90) years were included. Indications for ONB were 56% for pT2b, 23% for pT2a, and 23% for multifocal T1 disease without ureteral, urethral, or bladder neck extension. At 12 months, 77.8% had acceptable diurnal continence, and 72.2% had acceptable nocturnal continence. Peak urinary flow rates and post-void residual volumes were acceptable in 77.8% and 83.3% of patients, respectively. Additionally, 88.9% had normal sodium levels, 94.4% had normal potassium levels, and 94.4% had normal chloride levels at 12 months post-ONB creation. Conclusions ONB reconstruction provides satisfactory continence and minimal rates of electrolyte derangement, contributing valuable insights into the functional outcomes of this procedure.

Tagang Titus Ngwa-Ebogo

Nwenasi McRyan Nchomboh

Landry Oriole Mbouche

Njuma Emmanuel Tamufor

Tandu Yannick Forcha

Achille Aurore Mbassi

Pierre Joseph Fouda

Gloria Enow Ashuntantang

Fru Forbuzshi Angwafor III

Indication and functional outcome of orthotopic neo-bladder reconstruction following radical cystectomy for bladder cancers in a specialist hospital in north-west Cameroon

喀麦隆西北部一家专科医院膀胱癌根治性膀胱切除术后原位新膀胱重建的适应症及功能结果

Abstract Background The prostate gland plays a vital role in the production of seminal fluid, which serves to nourish and transport sperm. Prostate-related conditions, particularly benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC), represent significant health concerns among men globally, with a notable impact in African regions. This study investigated the prevalence of BPH and PC among men in the suburban towns of Cross River State, Nigeria. The research aims to provide critical data for healthcare planning and intervention. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to August 2023, involving 1,179 men aged 44 and above across various urban and rural communities within the Cross River State. Participants underwent sonographic assessment using transabdominal ultrasound, and clinical evaluation and questionnaires were then administered at different healthcare institutions. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 28, and the results are presented as tables and percentages. Results The findings revealed a BPH incidence of 16.67% and a PC incidence of 0.81%. Age-specific analysis indicated a significant increase in BPH and PC incidence with advancing age, with the highest rates observed in men aged 50–59 and 60–80 years for BPH and PC, respectively. The study also identified contributing factors such as family history, lifestyle, and dietary patterns influencing the occurrence of these conditions. Conclusion The prevalence rates underscore the need for enhanced public health strategies, including regular screening programs, early diagnosis, and education on lifestyle modifications. These measures are crucial for mitigating the impact of BPH and PC, improving patient outcomes, and reducing the burden on healthcare systems in Africa.

Ugochukwu Esomonu

Cletus Obun

Raymond Ude

Solomon Igwe

Collins Esomchi

Sylvanus Ogolekwu

Prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostrate cancer among suburban residents in Southern Nigeria

尼日利亚南部郊区居民良性前列腺增生和前列腺癌的患病率

Abstract Background Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common self-reported sexual disorder among men, affecting up to 20% of the population. Recently, the injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) as a bulking agent into the glans of the penis was proposed as a promising modality for PE. It is believed to act as a barrier between the skin and nerve terminals, leading to decreased sensation of the glans penis, indirectly improving the outcome of PE. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the techniques, efficacy, and safety of the injection of HA for PE derived from the existing scientific literature. Main body A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and the keywords “hyaluronic acid” and “premature ejaculation.” Original articles were selected for further evaluation, while both case reports and case series were excluded. After the screening, ten relevant studies were included, with two main methods of injection, the Fanning technique and multiple puncture techniques, which were applied in the previous studies. All studies showed compelling improvements in both the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and patients’ satisfaction. IELT increments may reach up to 8.54-fold even in the first month and sustain significantly up to 12 months. The complications reported, such as bleeding, pain, swelling, and discoloration, were mild and self-limited, which then resolved between 2 weeks and 1 month. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions With adequate surgical training and proper patient selection, penile augmentation using hyaluronic acid is a safe and effective method in the management of premature ejaculation.

Mohammad Hifzi Mohd Hashim

Zulkifli Md Zainuddin

Xeng Inn Fam

Hau Chun Khoo

Muhammad Hasif Azizi

Suzliza Shukor

Kok-Yong Chin

Rizuana Iqbal Hussain

Li Yi Lim

The techniques, efficacy and safety of penile glans augmentation using hyaluronic acid for the treatment of premature ejaculation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

阴茎龟头增大术中使用透明质酸治疗早泄的技术、疗效及安全性：一项系统评价与荟萃分析

Abstract Background Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a sex chromosome disorder usually diagnosed in adulthood during work-up for infertility or hypogonadism. Perinatal diagnoses are uncommon. Case presentation We report two newborn cases of KS with associated hypospadias and bilateral cryptorchidism suspected on prenatal genetic testing triggered by ambiguous genital appearance on prenatal ultrasound. Management is presented and the relevant literature on the prenatal and prepubertal presentation and management of KS is summarized. Conclusions Klinefelter syndrome can be suspected prenatally in patients with increased nuchal translucency or ambiguous genitalia. Cell-free DNA can establish prenatal diagnosis with good sensitivity and specificity. Early diagnosis allows for early initiation of multidisciplinary care, focused counseling, lifestyle modification, early androgen replacement, and cryopreservation during late puberty or early adulthood. Testosterone treatment during infancy was linked to improved phenotypic features of KS and better cognitive and behavioral outcomes.

Matthew Frownfelter

David Zekan

Osama Al-Omar

Ahmed Abdelhalim

Perinatal presentation of Klinefelter syndrome and variants: take-home lessons for the urologist

围产期克氏综合征及其变异型的表现：泌尿科医生的要点总结

Abstract Introduction and importance Penile fracture refers to the traumatic rupture of tunica albuginea in an erect penis. It is relatively uncommon and represents a urological emergency once it happens, necessitating immediate surgical intervention to prevent long-term complications. This condition presents a surgical challenge in both diagnosis and treatment due to the few urology specialists in our setting. We present a case of penile fracture surgically managed in a resource-limited setting with an excellent outcome. Case presentation We present a 15-year-old male admitted to our teaching hospital with a 12-h history of onset of pain, progressive swelling, and an audible pop sound that preceded turning in bed on an erect penis. He, however, denied a history of masturbation. A penile ultrasound scan was done, which confirmed a tear of Tunica albuginea. Penile exploration was done, which revealed a tear in tunica albuginea that was repaired successfully. The patient recovered well with no complications. Clinical discussion A penile fracture is a rare surgical emergency. Successful outcomes hinge on timely diagnosis, proficient surgical repair, and comprehensive postoperative care. A penile fracture is a clinical diagnosis in the hands of an experienced surgeon. Conclusions Findings of this case report highlight the importance of raising awareness among health workers and the general public about this rare condition, and the treatment options available in our less resourced setting.

Oscar Atwine

Denis Mucunguzi

Racheal Ainomugisha

Joshua Muhumuza

Marvin Mutakooha Mwesigwa

Penile fracture in a child presenting at teaching hospital in South-Western Uganda: a case report

乌干达西南部教学医院收治的儿童阴茎骨折病例报告

Abbreviation	Afr J Urol
Journal Impact	0.47
Quartiles(Global)	UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY(Q4)

ISSN	1110-5704, 1961-9987, 2090-2379
h-index	15

Publication Information	Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2012，Proportion of original research papers: 85.00%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 100.00%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：9 Weeks

African Journal of Urology

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Burden of urolithiasis: a systematic review of epidemiological and clinical trends in Somalia

Indication and functional outcome of orthotopic neo-bladder reconstruction following radical cystectomy for bladder cancers in a specialist hospital in north-west Cameroon

Prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostrate cancer among suburban residents in Southern Nigeria

The techniques, efficacy and safety of penile glans augmentation using hyaluronic acid for the treatment of premature ejaculation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Perinatal presentation of Klinefelter syndrome and variants: take-home lessons for the urologist

Prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostrate cancer among suburban residents in Southern Nigeria

Indication and functional outcome of orthotopic neo-bladder reconstruction following radical cystectomy for bladder cancers in a specialist hospital in north-west Cameroon

Burden of urolithiasis: a systematic review of epidemiological and clinical trends in Somalia

The techniques, efficacy and safety of penile glans augmentation using hyaluronic acid for the treatment of premature ejaculation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Penile fracture in a child presenting at teaching hospital in South-Western Uganda: a case report