Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita

Background Microplastics pollution represents a global public health concern. Since the greatest amount of microplastics are of anthropogenic origin, one of the most relevant strategies to reduce microplastics pollution is to raise awareness among the population and this is even more important for all those involved in public health prevention interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and awareness on microplastics of a samples of future healthcare workers. Study design A cross-sectional study was performed on 151 university students in the field of Public Health, both pre- and post-graduate, attending the Sapienza University of Rome courses. Methods A questionnaire consisting of three sections was administered to the participants. The first section assessed knowledge and awareness on microplastics, the second consisted of an informative brochure on microplastics, the third evaluated the awareness after reading the brochure, and interventions considered useful to manage microplastics pollution. Results About 25% of participants had never heard of microplastics. The scores on knowledge about microplastics were low, and differences between the investigated courses were not statistically significant (p-Value=0.134). Internet was the main source of information on microplastics, while the scores describing concern about the investigated issue resulted always higher after reading the informative brochure respect to before reading. Conclusions The lack of knowledge about microplastics pollution highlights that future public health workers should be better informed and, therefore, able to transfer essential information to the population. Increasing general population's knowledge and awareness would increase risk perception and make all individuals more active actors for reducing microplastics pollution.

V Cammalleri

D Marotta

A Antonucci

C Protano

G M Fara

Annali di igiene medicina preventiva e di comunità

A survey on knowledge and awareness on the issue "microplastics": a pilot study on a sample of future public health professionals.

关于“微塑料”问题的知识和意识调查：对未来公共卫生专业人员样本的初步研究

Background Healthcare professionals might play a significant role in tobacco control. The aims of this study were to investigate tobacco cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) consumption among university students enrolled in courses of the healthcare area, and to understand whether training in healthcare could induce to smoking cessation. Study design Cross-sectional survey using a self-administered, structured questionnaire. Methods Tobacco smoking habits of 560 students of four different medical area courses at the University of Milan, enrolled both in the first and in the last course year during the 2017-2018 academic year, were collected. Results The prevalence of smokers was 34.8%, almost the same for males and females, and higher in Italian students compared to foreigners. Smoking prevalence was higher among employed (46.9%) than unemployed (35.1%) students, without differences between healthcare and non-healthcare workers. The influence of family, and particularly friends, is confirmed to be relevant. About 25% of respondents tried e-cigarettes, mainly smokers (44.6%) and former smokers (38.6%) with the goal of quitting smoking. More than 44% were dual users of both tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Comparing smoking habits between first-year and final-year students, only students of healthcare assistance course showed a significant drop in smoking during the university studies. Conclusions The implementation of specific educational curricula on smoking dangers and on smoking cessation techniques might have the double effect of supporting students in quitting smoking and of properly preparing them for their future task of helping people to quit smoking.

A Prigitano

S Binda

E Pariani

A Destrebecq

S Castaldi

M Cogliati

M C Esposto

L Romanò

Tobacco and e-cigarette smoking habits among Italian healthcare students.

意大利医学生烟草和电子烟吸烟习惯。

One of the most precious values of the modern age is time. Despite the increasing life expectancy achieved by medicine and by the time-saving automation technologies, for most of us, time is never enough. Beside manifold upheavals and psychological consequences (1), the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent quarantine have impacted on our subjective perception of time, opening a frightening Pandora's box. The healthcare emergency has thrown the population into a surreal novel where the time perception may be shrunk and, simultaneously, expanded or suddenly frozen without control and full awareness. Individuals are waved by events like leaves lashed out by an unexpected wind which brings unpredictable changes. Thus, our existence is no more like before: the rhythm of our days has changed, and nothing could be the same in our next future as the pandemic has left indelible marks in habits and perspectives.

M Maffoni

V Torlaschi

A Pierobon

It's all a matter of time.

这一切都是时间问题。

Background Primary health care has been proven to be a highly effective and efficient way to address the main causes and risks of poor health and well-being today, as well as handling the emerging challenges that will threaten health and well-being tomorrow. In our study we used the System Dynamics approach to develop a model for the population and General Practitioner workforce to include multiple inputs and their relationships in the equations for each stock and flow. Methods We built the model in the Any Logic software to cover the flow of medical workers, demographic data of the population and the prevalence of the disease over time. Three scenarios were examined for forecasting primary health care personnel resources. The base year for forecasting was 2018, and the modeling was carried out until 2030. Result All of three scenarios indicate that with the current number of graduated General Practitioners, the shortage of primary care physicians will be exacerbated. In general, the shortage can reach more than 2,000 on a population of 18.3 million (2018). Conclusion The projected shortage of doctors in the primary health care system requires special attention to human resource planning. Only one third of medical graduates in Kazakhstan go to work in the primary health care system. The government needs to develop measures to stimulate and support young medical doctors to become general practitioners.

B Koichubekov

A Kharin

M Sorokina

I Korshukov

B Omarkulov

System dynamics modeling for general practitioner workforce forecasting in Kazakhstan.

哈萨克斯坦全科医生劳动力预测的系统动力学建模。

Background The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention promoting adherence to healthy diet and physical activity. Study design Before-after interventional study. Methods Participants were healthy volunteers, 18-70 y old, from Bologna. They followed a training course consisting of seven meetings and signed a contract to comply with the promoted habits, verified through questionnaires at the engagement phase (T0), three months later (T1) and one year later (T2). Result One hundred, fifty-three subjects were involved, 75.8% were evaluated at T1 and 41.2% at T2. More than 80% of the subjects involved at T1 achieved an improvement of planned goals. Moreover, 77% of T1 compliants retained healthy eating and physical activity at T2. Conclusion The proposed pathway of empowerment positively affected nutrition and promotion of physical activity at 3 months after the intervention (T1) and were maintained even after a year. The results appear to be promising for primary prevention across the spectrum of a healthy lifestyle educational approach.

E Guberti

C Lorini

G Cavallo

P Navacchia

R Marzocchi

G Bonaccorsi

Effects of a behavioural approach on lifestyle habits in a healthy Italian population: a before-after interventional study

行为方法对意大利健康人群生活方式习惯的影响：一项前后干预研究

Background Pregnancy is a unique experience in a woman's life, which comes with physiological, metabolic, social, and psychological changes. The combination of these changes along with migration, may reduce the quality of life of pregnant women and mothers. This study aims to determine the quality of life in rural pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. Three hundred pregnant Iranian and Afghan women who attended the public health centers in regional Tehran, Iran, were systematically selected and included in the study. Different dimensions of health status were investigated using the standard health-related quality of life questionnaire (SF-26) through interviews. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Results The psychological health subscale (38.00) in the Iranian pregnant women and the physical health subscale (38.83) in the Afghan pregnant women had the highest scores. The lowest score was in social functioning subscale in both groups (20.59 in Iranian and 21.22 in Afghans). In general, Iranian mothers had lower scores compared to Afghan mothers. There was a relationship between the quality of life of Iranian pregnant women, their level of education and family's monthly income (P <0.05), and between the quality of life of Afghan pregnant women with the lesser number of pregnancies (P <0.05). Conclusions In rural Iran, the quality of life score and its subscales is comparably low in both Iranian and Afghan pregnant women. Interventions are needed to improve the quality of life in this vulnerable population.

L Shams

M Tajik

P Heidari

T Nasiri

M Mohammadshahi

Quality of life of Iranian and Afghan pregnant women in rural Iran.

伊朗农村伊朗和阿富汗孕妇的生活质量。

Background Law no. 38 of 15 March 2010 ensures and governs the access to the palliative care and management network for patients who require it. The professional roles involved in the project have been identified by the law, with the specific experience and expertise in the field of palliative care and management, by allocating a meaningful role to general practitioners (GPs). For this reason, an important direct training plan has been drawn up that GPs can count on for dedicated refresher courses to increase and deepen their knowledge in this specific clinical field. If the role of the GPs in the management and palliative care network was well-defined by the law, we cannot say the same for the Continuing Care Physician (CCP), a role that only partially overlaps that of the GP. The study observed the response of a Continuing Care Service (CCS) to the demand for services from patients with pain-related problems. The role of the CCP is, therefore, outlined in the therapy care network by observing the services provided to patients experiencing that is understood as being a non-deferrable problem. Methods A survey was conducted at the CCSs site in Aquila, AS-01 Abruzzo. For this reason, the attending physician records the data of patients who consult the CCSs for pain-related problems on an appropriate questionnaire. The survey period covered a total of 68 days (1 January - 8 March 2020). Results. One hundred sixty five sheets were completed; females were more represented than males (57.6% v 42.4%) and the 36-65 age group appears most greatly represented (47.9%). One of the most frequent reasons for consulting the service is musculoskeletal pain (58.2%), followed by abdominal (15.8%). In the majority of patients, lasted from days (53.9%), with an average of approximately 3 days (3.1± 2.9), or hours in 40% of cases, with an average of over 6 hours (6.54±3.1). 88.5% of patients defined the level of experienced as severe (NRS=7-10), and the intensity of the associated with its repetitiveness (80.3% vs 92.6%) as severe, with a statistically significant difference in relation to nonrepetitiveness cases (p=0.02). 66.1% of patients said that they had taken analgesics independently, with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) the most frequently taken (53.5%). Patients who turned to the CCS received a pharmacological prescription in almost all cases. NSAIDs, specifically, were the most prescribed medicines (64.8%), followed by muscle relaxants (29.7%). Tramadol was the most represented among opioids, which was prescribed in 7.9% of cases. Just 6.1% of patients were entered into the regional management network. Conclusions The results of the survey show that a large number of patients turn to the CCS to resolve painful symptoms of various natures. The study offers some food for thought concerning the role of CCPs and the importance of providing for their inclusion in the therapy clinical and training pathways provided for by Law 38/2010. This would ensure its more effective implementation and, therefore, better care for patients experiencing painful pathologies.

A Piroli

C Leuter

L Fusco

D Bicciré

A Paladini

R Testa

F Marinangeli

Diagnostic and therapeutic pathway for pain in a Continuing Care setting: a survey at an Italian Continuing Care Service.

持续护理环境中疼痛的诊断和治疗路径：意大利持续护理服务的一项调查。

Background Tobacco products represent a major health risk factor and a potent way to help transmission of COVID-19. Current data regarding consumption of these products in the region are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate patterns of cigarette, hookah and other tobacco products consumption among undergraduate students from the University of Sarajevo before the COVID-19 outbreak in the country. Methods This cross-sectional study based on a National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) was conducted among undergraduate students from the University of Sarajevo in Bosnia and Hercegovina via an online questionnaire from 22nd to 26th of January 2020. Results Out of 605 students involved in the study, most of them were female (N=429, 70.9%); 363 (60.0%) were enrolled in medical sciences; 159 (26.3%) were attending the 3rd year of their curriculum; 224 (37%) were original from Canton Sarajevo and 514 (84.9%) were living in urban environment. Two hundred thirty five students out of 605 (38.8%) were current smokers and 117 (19.3%) hookah smokers. Being female (OR=0.539, 95% CI 0.368-0.790, p=0.002), in the 1st or 2nd year of study (OR=0.805, 95% CI 0.667-0.972, p=0.024) and living in a rural environment (OR=0.335, 95% CI 0.191-0.585, p<0.001) were associated with reduced risk of cigarette consumption, while older age (22+ years) (OR=1.287, 95% CI 1.122-1.476, p<0.001) increased the same risk. On the other side, being female (OR=0.595, 95% CI 0.380-0.930, p=0.023), of younger age (18-21 years) (OR=0.832, 95% CI 0.743-0.932, p=0.001) and medical science student (OR=0.567, 95% CI 0.328-0.978, p=0.041) were associated with decreased risk of consuming hookah. Conclusions This study provides an insight in prevalence of smoking among students at the University of Sarajevo. More antismoking efforts are needed, especially in urban environments; and a follow-up study, to be planned in the near future, should determine whether COVID-19 pandemic (and all the modifications of lifestyles connected with it) have eventually changed tobacco consumption patterns among undergraduate students.

A Šljivo

A Ćetković

D Hašimbegović-Spahić

N Mlačo

E Mujičić

A Selimović

Patterns of cigarette, hookah and other tobacco product consumption habits among undergraduate students of the University of Sarajevo before the COVID-19 outbreak in Bosnia and Hercegovina, a cross-sectional study

COVID-19疫情爆发前萨拉热窝大学本科生卷烟、水烟及其他烟草制品消费习惯的横断面研究

Background Health literacy is an important multidimensional concept of public health concern and a determinant of health outcomes and access to healthcare which requires robust measurement. The objective of this study was to culturally adapt and establish the psychometric properties of the Yoruba version of the Health Literacy Questionnaire. Methods A cross-sectional survey of Nigeria Yoruba speaking adults was conducted with the Health Literacy Questionnaire following its translation and adaptation. Data were subject to psychometric evaluation (confirmatory factor analysis, composite reliability, Cronbach's alpha, intra class correlation) and association with sociodemographic variables. Results A total of 258 adults with mean age 26.7 years participated in the study. The easiest scale to score highly was 'Actively managing my health' and hardest was 'Ability to find good health information' and 'Navigating the healthcare system'. Six one-factor models fitted well without correlated residuals but the other three had a good fit after model modification. Composite reliability and Cronbach's α of ≥ 0.7 were observed for all scales, suggesting good internal consistency of the scales. Test-retest reliability of the Yoruba translation of the Health Literacy Questionnaire was moderate to good in all scales, intra class correlation ranging from 0.66 to 0.76. Conclusion The Health Literacy Questionnaire was successfully translated and culturally adapted and demonstrated good content and construct validity and high composite reliability. The Yoruba translation of the Health Literacy Questionnaire has the potential of being a useful clinical tool for the assessment of health literacy, especially among Yoruba speaking community of Nigeria. Thereby helping to improve the health outcomes through access to healthcare.

C E Mbada

O E Johnson

O O Oyewole

O J Adejube

C Fatoye

O A Idowu

R V Odeyemi

K B Akinirinbola

D Ganiyu

F Fatoye

Cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Yoruba version of the Health Literacy Questionnaire

健康素养问卷约鲁巴语版的文化适应与心理测量学评价

Background Perceived health is largely dependent on multiple socio-demographic and behavioral lifestyles and healthcare related factors. This could be accentuated when gender is taken into account. The aim of this study is to explore gender-related differences in multiple socio-demographic and behavioral lifestyles and healthcare related factors associated with individual health status and to identify those responsible for changes in perceived physical and mental health among men and women in Italy. Study design We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study to investigate the association between multiple socio-demographic and behavioral lifestyles and healthcare related factors and individual health status of 99,479 adults in Italy, using data and information obtained from a nationwide survey. Methods To identify the factors that correlate with the perceived physical and mental health status between males and females, we employed a censored regression analysis, a Tobit model, stratifying the analysis by gender. Results Socio-demographic and behavioral lifestyles factors differently impact on males and females and this impact is stronger on perceived physical than mental health. The perceived physical and mental health status resulted better for men than for women. The integrated analysis of gender differences in socio-demographic and behavioral lifestyles and determinants of health revealed important inequalities, mainly related to citizenship and educational level, among the socio-demographic factors, and smoking habit and obesity, among the behavioral lifestyle factors. Conclusions Gender imbalances mainly fall into inequality in social inclusion, educational level, and healthy lifestyle. This demonstrates how gender differences are still abundantly present in the modern Italian society. Such information should be taken into consideration by policy makers when interventions to improve the health and quality of life of the population are planned or evaluated.

D Golinelli

A Bucci

E Boetto

E Maietti

F Toscano

M P Fantini

Gender differences and multiple determinants of perceived physical and mental health in Italy.

意大利感知到的身心健康中的性别差异及多重决定因素。

Abbreviation	Ann. Ig.
Journal Impact	1.31
Quartiles(Global)	HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES(Q3)

ISSN	1120-9135
h-index	30

Publication Information	Publisher: Societa Editrice Universo，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1989，Proportion of original research papers: 96.43%，Self Citation Rate:6.70%， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%

Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita

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