Acta Onomastica

Jaroslav David

Acta onomastica

Gablonz a Královec - nekompletní mozaika dvou měst

加布罗内茨与克朗洛维茨 - 两座城市的不完整马赛克

The events of the Russian-Ukrainian war has left an imprint on the onymic sphere of Ukraine, particularly on the modern Ukrainian zoonymy. The purpose of the study is to identify new zoonyms that appeared in the period from February 24, 2022 to April 30, 2024 in the onymic space of Ukraine, to find out about the motives and reasons for their emergence and functioning, to analyze the phenomena of onymisation and transonymisation when zoonyms appear. The source material comprises of the names collected from on-line sources and the author’s own experience and observation. The analyzed zoonyms come from the common nouns (Шафа /Shafa/, Фенікс /Feniх/, Патрон /Patron/, Перемога /Peremoha/, Мир /Myr/, etc.) and from the onyms (Чорнобаївка /Chornobaivka/, Ямпіль /Yampil/, Бахмут /Bakhmut/, Тарас /Taras/, Леся /Lesya/, Байрактар /Bayraktar/, etc.). The use of such zoonyms is not limited to certain locations. They are widespread throughout Ukraine. Some of the analyzed zoonyms belong to the secondary ones (Шафа /Shafa/, Фенікс /Fenix/, Бахмут /Bakhmut/, Ямпіль /Yampil/, Буча /Bucha/): before their bearers were saved, they had other names. The most popular zoonyms in the studied material are Байрактар /Bayraktar/, Джавелін /Dzhavelin/ / Джавеліна /Dzhavelina/, Патрон /Patron/. The presence of identical zoonyms for animals of different species indicates the popularity of these onyms, the desire of animal owners to put their patriotic emotions into the name, in addition to the identification function. The analyzed zoonyms reveal the connection with the context of a certain time. They are closely related to the realities of war. These zoonyms are a kind of markers of wartime.

Liubov Ostash

New proper names in the zoonymic sphere of Ukraine

乌克兰动物命名领域中的新专有名称

The surnames of Czech females are traditionally created from the masculine form by adding the suffix -ová (Novák – Nováková). This form was established by law in 1949 as the standard. Today’s law changes permit that females may choose the masculine form of their husband’s surname (Novák) or use the male surname of their husband along with their original feminine form as well (Dvořák Nováková). This development deserves comparison with the historical situation. In this article, we analyze the female surnames entered in the Catholic marriage registers in several towns and villages, especially in the second half of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. There are several possibilities how the scribes wrote down the bride’s name. They identified her by the first name and the relation to her father or former husband (Anna, daughter of…), used the masculine form of the surname, or created feminine forms by using the suffixes -ova (identical with the possessive suffix) or -ová. Even though the recording of female surnames was influenced by the customs of the individual scribes, the rise of using forms with the suffix -ová as an independent feminine surname in the 20th century is evident. The masculine forms of the surnames of brides are relatively infrequent in historical documents, not specific to any particular time period, and dependent on the scribe customs (they were used especially when the bride was of foreign, typically German, origin). The use of two family names (e.g., Dvořák Nováková) was not documented in the marriage registers. Today’s law changes are in opposition to the historical development and do not respect the use of female surnames in daily Czech communication. Masculine forms only make sense for females who are often abroad, and/or have a husband of foreign origin, etc. The future will show whether Czech females will prefer traditional surnames with the suffix -ová or choose the masculine form of the surname for documents. It is probable that the form with -ová will be used in common Czech communication regardless of the form indicated in the documents.

Jana Matúšová

Přechylování příjmení v matrikách od konce 18. století do poloviny 20. století ve vztahu k dnešnímu stavu

从18世纪末到20世纪中叶在出生登记中姓氏转换与当前状况的关系

Cemeteries are not only an important part of historical and cultural heritage of every country or community, but they also represent a relatively frequent naming motive in toponymy. The paper presents results of a lexical-semantical and motivational analysis of 1,407 anoikonyms from the area of Bohemia which originate in the Czech appellative hřbitov ‘cemetery’, its dialectal variant krchov (with modifications krychov, kerchov, krchou) or other words meaning ‘an area of ground in which dead bodies are buried’, such as boží pole, svaté pole or pohřebiště. The names mostly denote fields and other pieces of land motivated by their location in the vicinity of a cemetery. They have been motivated by various types of cemeteries, according to their purpose or religion of the community. The vast majority of the anoikonyms originate in the appellative hřbitov (or its modifications hřbítov, řbitov, břítov). In this group, the prepositional names, such as Za hřbitovem ‘Behind the cemetery’, prevail. These names are usually relatively young, many of them originating in the 20th century. Some of them have replaced older names containing the word krchov, because this dialectal word gradually went out of use, became less known and started to be considered pejorative.

Martina Zirhutová

Apelativum hřbitov a jeho nářeční varianty v pomístních jménech v Čechách

捷克地区地名中的“墓地”及其方言变体

The study deals with proper names in former Eastern Sudeten caves (The Na Špičáku Cave and The Na Pomezí Cave) from the perspective of diachrony. It investigates the changes of the names over time, especially in the interwar period and the post-war period. The tradition of studying speleonyms on the Czech/European scales is presented in the introduction and the study shows the basic classification of speleonyms. Furthermore, it characterizes both inspected localities. Collecting data was performed in a qualitative way via semi-structured interviews with respondents. At the end of the study, the partial results of the research in every examined locality are presented and generalized.

Jarmila Mádrová

Speleonyma Jeskyně Na Špičáku a Jeskyně Na Pomezí z diachronní perspektivy

斯皮查克洞穴和波莫兹洞穴的斯佩隆尼马从历时角度研究

Publication Information	Publisher: Czech Academy of Sciences，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2016，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%

Acta Onomastica

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Gablonz a Královec - nekompletní mozaika dvou měst

New proper names in the zoonymic sphere of Ukraine

Přechylování příjmení v matrikách od konce 18. století do poloviny 20. století ve vztahu k dnešnímu stavu

Apelativum hřbitov a jeho nářeční varianty v pomístních jménech v Čechách

Speleonyma Jeskyně Na Špičáku a Jeskyně Na Pomezí z diachronní perspektivy

Gablonz a Královec - nekompletní mozaika dvou měst

New proper names in the zoonymic sphere of Ukraine

Přechylování příjmení v matrikách od konce 18. století do poloviny 20. století ve vztahu k dnešnímu stavu

Apelativum hřbitov a jeho nářeční varianty v pomístních jménech v Čechách

Speleonyma Jeskyně Na Špičáku a Jeskyně Na Pomezí z diachronní perspektivy

ISSN	1211-4413, 2571-0907
h-index	4