ALGAE 由韩国藻类学会出版，并提供及时出版有关藻类的原创作品。 ALGAE 发表关于系统发育和分类学、生态学和种群生物学、生理学和生物化学、细胞和分子生物学、生物技术和应用藻类学等各个方面的文章。清单或等效手稿只有在提供了有关分类学（例如，新组合）、生态学或生物地理学的原始信息时才可考虑出版，而不仅仅是当地相关性。投稿可以采用原创研究文章、研究笔记、评论文章和书评的形式。

The journal "Algae" is published by the Korean Society of Phycology and aims to provide timely publication of original works related to algae. It covers a wide range of topics, including phylogenetics and taxonomy, ecology and population biology, physiology and biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, biotechnology, and applied phycology. Only manuscripts that provide original information on taxonomy (e.g., new combinations), ecology, or biogeography will be considered for publication, rather than those that merely have local relevance. Submissions can take the form of original research articles, research notes, review articles, and book reviews.

《Algae》是由韩国藻类学会出版的期刊，致力于及时发布有关藻类的原创研究。该期刊涵盖了系统发育与分类学、生态学与种群生物学、生理学与生物化学、细胞与分子生物学、生物技术及应用藻类学等多个领域的文章。仅在提供了有关分类学（例如新组合）、生态学或生物地理学的原创信息时，清单或等效手稿才会被考虑出版，而不仅仅是当地相关性。投稿形式包括原创研究文章、研究笔记、评论文章和书评。

Algae

An enormous body of research is focused on finding ways to commercialize carotenoids produced by the unicellular green alga, Haematococcus, often without the benefit of a sound phylogenetic assessment. Evidence of cryptic diversity in the genus means that comparing results of pigment studies may be confounded by the absence of a phylogenetic framework. Moreover, previous work has identified unnamed strains that are likely candidates for species status. We reconstructed the phylogeny of an expanded sampling of Haematococcus isolates utilizing data from nuclear ribosomal markers (18S rRNA gene, 26S rRNA gene, internal transcribed spacer [ITS]-1, 5.8S rRNA gene, and ITS-2) and the rbcL gene. In addition, we gathered morphological, ultrastructural and pigment data from key isolates of Haematococcus. Our expanded data and taxon sampling support the concept of a new species, H. privus, found exclusively in North America. Despite overlap in numerous morphological traits, results indicate that ratios of protoplast length to width and akinete diameter may be useful for discriminating Haematococcus lineages. High growth rate and robust astaxanthin yield indicate that H. rubicundus (SAG 34-1c) is worthy of additional scrutiny as a pigment source. With the description of H. privus, the evidence supports the existence of at least five, species-level lineages in the genus. Our phylogenetic assessment provides the tools to frame future pigment investigations of Haematococcus in an updated evolutionary context. In addition, our investigation highlighted open questions regarding polyploidy and sexuality in Haematococcus which demonstrate that much remains to be discovered about this green flagellate.

Mark A. Buchheim

Ashley Silver

Haley Johnson

Richard Portman

Matthew B. Toomey

ALGAE

The description of Haematococcus privus sp. nov. (Chlorophyceae, Chlamydomonadales) from North America

北美新种Haematococcus privus sp. nov.（绿藻门，衣藻目）的描述

The genus Coolia A. Meunier 1919 has a global distribution and is a common member of epiphytic dinoflagellate assemblages in neritic ecosystems. Coolia monotis is the type species of the genus and was the only known species for 76 years. Over the past few decades, molecular characterization has unveiled two species complexes that group morphologically very similar species, so their limits are often unclear. To provide new knowledge on the biogeography and species composition of the genus Coolia, 16 strains were isolated from Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California. The species were identified by applying morphological and molecular approaches. The morphometric characteristics of all isolated Coolia species were consistent with the original taxa descriptions. Phylogenetic analyses (large subunit [LSU] rDNA D1 / D2 and internal transcribed spacer [ITS] 1 / 5.8S / ITS2) revealed a species assemblage comprising Coolia malayensis, C. palmyrensis, C. tropicalis, and the C. cf. canariensis lineage. This is the first report of Coolia palmyrensis and C. cf. canariensis in Mexico and C. tropicalis in the Gulf of California. Our results strengthen the biogeographical understanding of these potentially harmful epiphytic dinoflagellate species.

Lourdes Morquecho

Ismael Gárate-Lizárraga

Haifeng Gu

Morphological and molecular characterization of the genus &lt;italic&gt;Coolia&lt;/italic&gt; (Dinophyceae) from Bahía de La Paz, southwest Gulf of California

巴伊亚德拉帕斯西南加利福尼亚湾甲藻门<italic>Coolia</italic>属的形态学和分子特征研究

Knowledge on the seaweeds of eastern Sorsogon in the Philippines is uneven. Not only is eastern Sorsogon among the areas of high seaweed diversity but locals there have interacted with seaweeds for ages. Despite seaweeds’ assumed importance to Sorsoganon, ethnobotanical records are missing. In this study, we documented the traditional knowledge on seaweed use and determined the rate of knowledge transmission among the locals of eastern Sorsogon. Vernacular names and modes of preparation were given of the 12 identified species bearing culinary and medicinal importance. Ten species were eaten while three were used therapeutically. Based on ethnobotanical indices, Caulerpa chemnitzia ecad turbinata and Gelidiella acerosa were the most important seaweeds. The least cited was Caulerpa racemosa. Our study demonstrated that most of the seaweed resources in eastern Sorsogon remain largely untapped, as the identified ethnotaxa were only about 5% of the total seaweed species diversity reported for the area. The seaweed knowledge in eastern Sorsogon appeared to be homogenous across age groups with primary sources of knowledge biased towards female relatives (mothers and grandmothers) and to children as inheritors. Cessation of seaweed knowledge may come at a potential cost, as a significant fraction of the population did not transmit their knowledge to others. Our study furthered the interest in providing sophisticated resource management recommendations that consider the relationships of traditional and scientific knowledge of seaweed selection and use in eastern Sorsogon and beyond.

Richard V. Dumilag

Teresa Haide R. Belgica

Lynn C. Mendoza

Janet M. Hibay

Abel E. Arevalo

Mark Ariel D. Malto

Elden G. Orgela

Mabille R. Longavela

Laurence Elmer H. Corral

Ruby D. Olipany

Caesar Franz C. Ruiz

Cynthia B. Mintu

Benilda O. Laza

Mae H. San Pablo

Jinky D. Bailon

Leny D. Berdin

Franklin P. Calaminos

Sheryll A. Gregory

Annie T. Omoto

Vivien L. Chua

Lawrence M. Liao

Seaweed ethnobotany of eastern Sorsogon, Philippines

菲律宾东索索贡海藻民族植物学

Quantifying the abundance of Chattonella species is necessary to effectively manage the threats from ichthyotoxic raphidophytes, which can cause large-scale mortality of aquacultured fish in temperate waters. The identification and cell counting of Chattonella species have been conducted primarily on living cells without fixation by light microscopy because routine fixatives do not retain their morphological features. Species belonging to the Chattonella marina complex, including C. marina and C. marina var. ovata, had high genetic similarities and the lack of clear morphological delimitations between the species. To estimate the abundance of C. marina complex in marine plankton samples, we developed a protocol based on the droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay, with C. marina complex-specific primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA. Cell abundance of the C. marina complex can be determined using the ITS copy number per cell, ranging from 25 ± 1 for C. marina to 112 ± 7 for C. marina var. ovata. There were no significant differences in ITS copies estimated by the ddPCR assay between environmental DNA samples from various localities spiked with the same number of cells of culture strains. This approach can be employed to improve the monitoring efficiency of various marine protists and to support the implementation of management for harmful algal blooms, which are difficult to analyze using microscopy alone.

Juhee Min

Kwang Young Kim

Quantification of the ichthyotoxic raphidophyte &lt;italic&gt;Chattonella marina&lt;/italic&gt; complex by applying a droplet digital PCR

通过应用液滴数字PCR定量毒性甲藻<italic>Chattonella marina</italic>复合体

This corrects the article "Splitting blades: why genera need to be more carefully defined; the case for Pyropia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)" in Volume 37 on page 205.

Giuseppe C. Zuccarello

Xinging Wen

Gwang Hoon Kim

Splitting blades: why genera need to be more carefully defined; the case for &lt;italic&gt;Pyropia&lt;/italic&gt; (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

分裂的叶片：为何属的定义需要更加谨慎；<italic>紫菜</italic>（红藻门，紫菜目）的案例

Epiphytic algae are important components of marine ecosystems. Despite the importance of epiphytic algae in marine ecosystems, our knowledge of these taxa is still limited. The marine red algal genus &lt;i&gt;Reinboldiella&lt;/i&gt;, which is distributed mainly in the northwestern Pacific region, is characterized by tiny thalli that are epiphytic on various other red algae. Six species of the genus have been reported in Japan, Taiwan, and Korea. In this study, 50 Korean Reinboldiella specimens, previously known as &lt;i&gt;Reinboldiella schmitziana&lt;/i&gt;, were collected from 11 localities and reexamined to verify their taxonomic status. We describe a new species, &lt;i&gt;Reinboldiella koreana&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov., based on &lt;i&gt;rbc&lt;/i&gt;L phylogeny and morphological observations. A total of four grateloupiacean species (&lt;i&gt;Pachymeniopsis lanceolata&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;P. elliptica&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Grateloupia turuturu&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;G. asiatica&lt;/i&gt;) were identified as host species of &lt;i&gt;R. koreana&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. Due to the restricted host range of &lt;i&gt;R. koreana&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov., a phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using the &lt;i&gt;cox&lt;/i&gt;1 marker to confirm the co-phylogenetic relationships between the epiphytic algae and their grateloupiacean hosts. Two of the four cox1 haplotypes of &lt;i&gt;R. koreana&lt;/i&gt; were found in different host species, regardless of which haplotype they were. It indicates that there are no co-phylogenetic relationships between &lt;i&gt;R. koreana&lt;/i&gt; and host species.

Su Yeon Kim

Chang Geun Choi

Eun Chan Yang

Myung Sook Kim

&lt;i&gt;Reinboldiella koreana&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) is the correct name for the specimens previously known as &lt;i&gt;Reinboldiella schmitziana&lt;/i&gt; in Korea

&lt;i&gt;Reinboldiella koreana&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov.（仙菜目，红藻门）是先前在韩国被称为&lt;i&gt;Reinboldiella schmitziana&lt;/i&gt;的标本的正确名称

In this study, the regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) on cell growth and lipid biosynthesis was investigated under saltinduced stress in &lt;i&gt;Chlorella&lt;/i&gt; pyrenoidosa. It is found that as suffering from only salt stress, although the lipid content of single cell was improved, the inhibitory effects of stress on cell proliferation was visible. When the algal cells were exposed to salt stress and ABA conditions, lipid productivity was increased (45.35 mg L&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) by 1.17-fold compared to that of control cells (20.91 mg L&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), and the inhibition to cell growth was relieved. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that after adding ABA, these genes involved in antioxidant activity, jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, and lipid biosynthesis were upregulated. Subsequently, we observed that the levels of glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, trehalose, and JA were elevated and the levels of reactive oxygen species were reduced. This study presents an effective approach to improve lipid production in algal cells, a new mechanism on that ABA alleviates intracellular oxidative stress through JA signaling pathway was elaborated.

Ke Ding

Zheng Chen

Qiwu Wan

Xiaolin Hu

Xiaohui Wang

Heng Li

Yongzhong Wang

Yang Luo

Debing Xiang

Improving antistress capacity and lipid productivity in the green alga &lt;i&gt;Chlorella pyrenoidosa&lt;/i&gt; by adding abscisic acid under salt stress conditions

通过在盐胁迫条件下添加脱落酸提高绿藻蛋白核小球藻的抗应激能力和脂质产量

Red rot disease is one of the notorious algal diseases that threaten the cultivation of &lt;i&gt;Pyropia&lt;/i&gt; in China, and two &lt;i&gt;Pythium pathogens&lt;/i&gt;, i.e., &lt;i&gt;Pythium porphyrae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P. chondricola&lt;/i&gt;, have been reported as causative agents. To monitor the pathogens, a fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed to quantitatively detect their abundance. Using overlapping PCR and pathogen-specific primer pairs, two pathogen-specific fragments were concatenated to construct an internal standard plasmid, which was used for quantification. For zoospores of known numbers, the results showed that this method can detect as less as 100 and 10 zoospores mL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; in a 200 mL solution for &lt;i&gt;P. porphyrae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P. chondricola&lt;/i&gt;, respectively. Using monthly collected seawater at 10 sites in Haizhou Bay, a typical aquaculture farm in China, a significantly higher temperature and a significantly lower salinity were determined in December 2021. &lt;i&gt;P. porphyrae&lt;/i&gt; was determined to be more abundant than &lt;i&gt;P. chondricola&lt;/i&gt;, though with similar temporal distribution patterns from December 2021 to February 2022. When a red rot disease occurred in December 2021, the two pathogens were significantly more abundant at two infected sub-sites than the uninfected sub-site within both seawater and sediment, though they were all significantly more enriched in sediment than in seawater. The present method provides the capability to quantify and compare the abundance of two pathogens and also has the potential to forecast the occurrence of red rot disease, which is of much significance in managing and controlling the disease.

Jie Liu

Sudong Xia

Huichao Yang

Zhaolan Mo

Jie Li

Yongwei Yan

Quantitative detection of &lt;i&gt;Pythium porphyrae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Pythium chondricola&lt;/i&gt; (Oomycota), the causative agents of red rot disease in &lt;i&gt;Pyropia farms&lt;/i&gt; in China

中国紫菜养殖场红腐病致病菌Pythium porphyrae和Pythium chondricola（卵菌纲）的定量检测

Some marine microalgae and cyanobacteria form mutualistic symbioses with diverse invertebrates, particularly cnidarians. Among microalgae, dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae are the most well-known symbiotic partners of jellyfish and corals. However, the symbioses involving other dinoflagellate families, nano- and micro-flagellates, diatoms, and cyanobacteria with cnidarians are not well understood. As an initial step, it is essential to explore the survival of these microorganisms inside cnidarians. We monitored the survival of eight microalgal species (nine strains) and one cyanobacterium species every day for seven days after injecting each into the medusa of the moon jellyfish &lt;i&gt;Aurelia aurita&lt;/i&gt;. The dinoflagellates &lt;i&gt;Effrenium voratum&lt;/i&gt; (free-living [FL] and living-in-coral strains), &lt;i&gt;Cladocopium infistulum&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Prorocentrum cordatum&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Prorocentrum koreanum&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Symbiodinium microadriaticum&lt;/i&gt;, the prasinophyte &lt;i&gt;Tetraselmis suecica&lt;/i&gt;, the chlorophyte &lt;i&gt;Dunaliella salina&lt;/i&gt;, and the raphidophyte &lt;i&gt;Heterosigma akashiwo&lt;/i&gt; survived inside the medusa, while the cyanobacterium &lt;i&gt;Synechococcus&lt;/i&gt; sp. was not detected. Additionally, &lt;i&gt;E. voratum&lt;/i&gt; (FL) survived within the medusa for 60 days and gradually spread to adjacent areas, indicating potential for artificially established symbiosis. The results of this study provide a basis for artificial symbiosis between microalgae and invertebrates.

Ji Hyun You

Hae Jin Jeong

Sang Ah Park

Se Hee Eom

Hee Chang Kang

Min Ji Kwon

Potential for artificial symbiosis between marine microalgae and invertebrates: I. survival of marine microalgae injected into the medusa of the moon jellyfish &lt;i&gt;Aurelia aurita&lt;/i&gt;

海洋微藻与无脊椎动物之间人工共生的潜力：I. 海洋微藻注入月水母Aurelia aurita的水母体后的存活情况

&lt;i&gt;Chlorella&lt;/i&gt; species of microalgae are utilized in the crop and food industries. The aim of this research was to investigate the metabolite profiles of &lt;i&gt;Chlorella fusca&lt;/i&gt; for the first time and evaluate its biological properties. The two ion modes of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS were used to identify a total of 62 components in the methanol extract of &lt;i&gt;C. fusca&lt;/i&gt;, with 26 in the negative and 36 in the positive ion mode, including 10 identical ingredients. Fatty acids (negative mode) and combinations of chlorophyll and fatty acids (positive mode) were the most prevalent chemical structures, constituting over 80 and 70% of the total metabolites, respectively, followed by chlorophyll, polar lipids, carotenoids, and fatty alcohols. Moreover, this extract exhibited potent antioxidant and anti-aging benefits in decreasing order of potency at a concentration of 200 μg mL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;: tyrosinase inhibition (100%), ABTS radical scavenging (90%), elastase inhibition (88%), and DPPH radical scavenging (34%). Notably, this extract protected the mobility of DNA fragments up to 5 μg mL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; (26%), with potential effects (&gt; 60% at 200 μg mL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). These findings suggest that &lt;i&gt;C. fusca&lt;/i&gt; may be a promising candidate for applications related to its biological functions, owing to the high accumulation of fatty acids and chlorophyll derivatives.

Young Min Lee

Youn-Sig Kwak

Yong Bok Lee

Eun Young Seo

Jin Hwan Lee

Exploring the nutritional biochemical profiles and biological functions in the green microalga &lt;i&gt;Chlorella fusca&lt;/i&gt;

探索绿藻Chlorella fusca的营养生化特征与生物学功能

Abbreviation	Algae.
Journal Impact	3.00
Quartiles(Global)	PLANT SCIENCES(Q2)

ISSN	1226-2617, 2093-0860
h-index	30

Publication Information	Publisher: The Korean Society of Phycology，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2013，Proportion of original research papers: 92.00%，Self Citation Rate:25.80%， Gold OA Rate: 100.00%

Algae

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The description of Haematococcus privus sp. nov. (Chlorophyceae, Chlamydomonadales) from North America

Morphological and molecular characterization of the genus <italic>Coolia</italic> (Dinophyceae) from Bahía de La Paz, southwest Gulf of California

Seaweed ethnobotany of eastern Sorsogon, Philippines

Quantification of the ichthyotoxic raphidophyte <italic>Chattonella marina</italic> complex by applying a droplet digital PCR

Splitting blades: why genera need to be more carefully defined; the case for <italic>Pyropia</italic> (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

<i>Reinboldiella koreana</i> sp. nov. (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) is the correct name for the specimens previously known as <i>Reinboldiella schmitziana</i> in Korea

Improving antistress capacity and lipid productivity in the green alga <i>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</i> by adding abscisic acid under salt stress conditions

Quantitative detection of <i>Pythium porphyrae</i> and <i>Pythium chondricola</i> (Oomycota), the causative agents of red rot disease in <i>Pyropia farms</i> in China

Potential for artificial symbiosis between marine microalgae and invertebrates: I. survival of marine microalgae injected into the medusa of the moon jellyfish <i>Aurelia aurita</i>

Exploring the nutritional biochemical profiles and biological functions in the green microalga <i>Chlorella fusca</i>