ALGAE 由韩国藻类学会出版，并提供及时出版有关藻类的原创作品。 ALGAE 发表关于系统发育和分类学、生态学和种群生物学、生理学和生物化学、细胞和分子生物学、生物技术和应用藻类学等各个方面的文章。清单或等效手稿只有在提供了有关分类学（例如，新组合）、生态学或生物地理学的原始信息时才可考虑出版，而不仅仅是当地相关性。投稿可以采用原创研究文章、研究笔记、评论文章和书评的形式。

The journal "Algae" is published by the Korean Society of Phycology and aims to provide timely publication of original works related to algae. It covers a wide range of topics, including phylogenetics and taxonomy, ecology and population biology, physiology and biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, biotechnology, and applied phycology. Only manuscripts that provide original information on taxonomy (e.g., new combinations), ecology, or biogeography will be considered for publication, rather than those that merely have local relevance. Submissions can take the form of original research articles, research notes, review articles, and book reviews.

《Algae》是由韩国藻类学会出版的期刊，致力于及时发布有关藻类的原创研究。该期刊涵盖了系统发育与分类学、生态学与种群生物学、生理学与生物化学、细胞与分子生物学、生物技术及应用藻类学等多个领域的文章。仅在提供了有关分类学（例如新组合）、生态学或生物地理学的原创信息时，清单或等效手稿才会被考虑出版，而不仅仅是当地相关性。投稿形式包括原创研究文章、研究笔记、评论文章和书评。

Algae

An enormous body of research is focused on finding ways to commercialize carotenoids produced by the unicellular green alga, Haematococcus, often without the benefit of a sound phylogenetic assessment. Evidence of cryptic diversity in the genus means that comparing results of pigment studies may be confounded by the absence of a phylogenetic framework. Moreover, previous work has identified unnamed strains that are likely candidates for species status. We reconstructed the phylogeny of an expanded sampling of Haematococcus isolates utilizing data from nuclear ribosomal markers (18S rRNA gene, 26S rRNA gene, internal transcribed spacer [ITS]-1, 5.8S rRNA gene, and ITS-2) and the rbcL gene. In addition, we gathered morphological, ultrastructural and pigment data from key isolates of Haematococcus. Our expanded data and taxon sampling support the concept of a new species, H. privus, found exclusively in North America. Despite overlap in numerous morphological traits, results indicate that ratios of protoplast length to width and akinete diameter may be useful for discriminating Haematococcus lineages. High growth rate and robust astaxanthin yield indicate that H. rubicundus (SAG 34-1c) is worthy of additional scrutiny as a pigment source. With the description of H. privus, the evidence supports the existence of at least five, species-level lineages in the genus. Our phylogenetic assessment provides the tools to frame future pigment investigations of Haematococcus in an updated evolutionary context. In addition, our investigation highlighted open questions regarding polyploidy and sexuality in Haematococcus which demonstrate that much remains to be discovered about this green flagellate.

Mark A. Buchheim

Ashley Silver

Haley Johnson

Richard Portman

Matthew B. Toomey

ALGAE

The description of Haematococcus privus sp. nov. (Chlorophyceae, Chlamydomonadales) from North America

北美新种Haematococcus privus sp. nov.（绿藻门，衣藻目）的描述

Shell infiltration of free-living conchocelis of the three commercial &lt;i&gt;Pyropia&lt;/i&gt; species (&lt;i&gt;P. yezoensis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;P. seriata&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;P. dentata&lt;/i&gt;) were examined in various conditions of temperatures (20–25°C), light intensities (1, 10, 40, and 80 μmol photons m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), conchocelis quantities (100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg) and sizes (108, 209, 324, 411, and 519 μm). The optimal shell infiltration conditions were 20°C and 40 μmol photons m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; in all species. The infiltration densities were 44.81–146.15 conchocelis cm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; for &lt;i&gt;P. yezoensis&lt;/i&gt;, 51.40–190.49 conchocelis cm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; for &lt;i&gt;P. seriata&lt;/i&gt;, and 22.24–92.49 conchocelis cm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; for &lt;i&gt;P. dentata&lt;/i&gt;. Inefficient shell infiltration was observed with the different conchocelis quantities from 100 to 300 mg. A positive corelationship was observed between shell infiltration density and the amount of conchocelis. The optimal blending time for maximizing infiltration density was 40 s for &lt;i&gt;P. yezoensis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P. seriata&lt;/i&gt; and 25 s for &lt;i&gt;P. dentata&lt;/i&gt;. This blending time correlated with a cell count of 5–7 cells. Total conchocelis lengths of 5–7 cells were approximately 300 μm for &lt;i&gt;P. yezoensis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P. seriata&lt;/i&gt; (with cell size of about 45 μm) and approximately 400 μm for &lt;i&gt;P. dentata&lt;/i&gt; (with a cell size of about 65 μm). These results suggest that, to achieve optimal shell infiltration density for &lt;i&gt;P. dentata&lt;/i&gt;, the blending time should be reduced by half, and the amount of conchocelis should be increased twofold, making it comparable to the other two &lt;i&gt;Pyropia&lt;/i&gt; species.

Jin Suk Heo

Jang Kyun Kim

Han Gil Choi

Effects of environmental and physical factors on the shell infiltration density of free-living conchocelis of three &lt;i&gt;Pyropia species&lt;/i&gt; (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

环境与物理因素对三种<i>Pyropia</i>属（红藻门，紫菜目）自由生活丝状体壳渗透密度的影响

During August 2022, a persistent harmful algal bloom (HAB) caused by the dinoflagellate&lt;i&gt; Margalefidinium polykrikoides&lt;/i&gt; (aka &lt;i&gt;Cochlodinium polykrikoides&lt;/i&gt;) occurred in the coastal waters of Yeosu, South Korea. This study aimed to char acterize the bloom by comparing planktonic communities between a high-intensity-bloom site (H-BS) and a nearby non-bloom site (N-BS) and identify the associated &lt;i&gt;M. polykrikoides&lt;/i&gt; strain. Metazoan abundance and species richness were notably higher at H-BS, suggesting that metazoans like copepods and cladocerans may act as predators or exhibit greater resilience to bloom-induced stress. Conversely, protist species richness was greater at N-BS, indicating that &lt;i&gt;M. polykrikoides&lt;/i&gt; may inhibit other protists through allelopathy and / or outcompete them through resource competition. Distinct community structures at H-BS and N-BS suggest a complex interplay of competition, predation, and parasitism driving bloom dynamics. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the bloom-causing strain of &lt;i&gt;M. polykrikoides&lt;/i&gt; belonged to a major clade of the East Asian ribotype, indicating that the bloom’s outbreak was likely originated from shared regional waters rather than the intrusion of ocean currents. In conclusion, understanding the interactions between &lt;i&gt;M. polykrikoi&lt;/i&gt; des and co-occurring planktonic species is crucial for predicting and managing future HABs in coastal ecosystems. This study further highlights the complex ecological processes underpinning &lt;i&gt;M. polykrikoides&lt;/i&gt; bloom dynamics by simultane ously examining the roles of both protist and metazoan communities.

Hyun Jun Yang

Yun Hee Kim

Hye Jin Seo

Moo Joon Lee

Se Hyeon Jang

Insights into plankton communities in a &lt;i&gt;Margalefidinium polykrikoides&lt;/i&gt; (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) bloom and adjacent non-bloom waters

《对<i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i>（裸甲藻目，甲藻纲）赤潮及其邻近非赤潮水域中浮游生物群落的洞察》

Diatoms are photosynthetic unicellular organisms surrounded by silica-based cell walls known as frustules. Given their widespread distribution in aquatic systems and their prolific nature, diatoms play a pivotal role in global silica cycling. Silicon transporter (SIT) proteins play a critical role in this process by facilitating the import and intracellular transport of dissolved silica. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms controlling the uptake and utilization of silica below the concentration range of Si, where free diffusion of Si is insufficient for proliferation. In our investigation, we observed varied frustule synthesis responses of &lt;i&gt;Thalassiosira eccentrica&lt;/i&gt; LIMS-PS-3165 under different nutrient limitations through fluorescence labeling of newly synthesized frustules. Additionally, we examined the expression patterns of SIT genes following silicon replenishment and analyzed the sequences of two SITs, &lt;i&gt;TeSIT1/2&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;TeSIT3&lt;/i&gt;, from &lt;i&gt;T. eccentrica&lt;/i&gt;. Upon silicon resupply after a period of silicon deprivation, &lt;i&gt;TeSIT1/2&lt;/i&gt; transcription was downregulated, whereas &lt;i&gt;TeSIT3&lt;/i&gt; expression remained unaffected. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences revealed that TeSIT1/2 and TeSIT3 share 10 transmembrane domains and two conserved GXQ motifs, indicating structural similarities and differences in their silicon transport mechanisms. These findings enhance our understanding of silicon transport responses in &lt;i&gt;T. eccentrica&lt;/i&gt; under nutrient-limited conditions and contribute to broader knowledge of silica biogeochemistry in diatoms.

Min Sung Kim

Seunghye Park

Onyou Nam

Jiyeon Lee

EonSeon Jin

Differential expression of silicon transporter genes in frustule formation of the marine diatom &lt;i&gt;Thalassiosira eccentrica&lt;/i&gt; LIMS-PS-3165

海洋硅藻&lt;i&gt;Thalassiosira eccentrica&lt;/i&gt; LIMS-PS-3165硅壳形成过程中硅转运基因的差异表达

Many species of the dinoflagellate genus &lt;i&gt;Karenia&lt;/i&gt; produce neurotoxins and often cause harmful algal blooms. Heterotrophic dinoflagellates are major grazers of bloom-forming dinoflagellates. Therefore, to understand the population dynamics of &lt;i&gt;Karenia&lt;/i&gt; species, it is necessary to investigate the interactions between &lt;i&gt;Karenia&lt;/i&gt; species and their potential heterotrophic dinoflagellate predators. We examined the interactions between the bloom-forming dinoflagellates &lt;i&gt;Karenia bicuneiformis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Karenia selliformis&lt;/i&gt; and eight common heterotrophic dinoflagellates. &lt;i&gt;Gyrodinium dominans&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Gyrodinium moestrupii&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Oxyrrhis marina&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Oblea rotunda&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Protoperidinium pellucidum&lt;/i&gt; fed on &lt;i&gt;K. bicuneiformis&lt;/i&gt;, whereas &lt;i&gt;Gyrodiniellum shiwhaense&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Pfiesteria piscicida&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Noctiluca scintillans&lt;/i&gt; did not. Furthermore, &lt;i&gt;K. bicuneiformis&lt;/i&gt; supported the positive growth of &lt;i&gt;G. dominans&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;G. moestrupii&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;O. marina&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;P. pellucidum&lt;/i&gt;, but &lt;i&gt;K. bicuneiformis&lt;/i&gt; did not support the growth of &lt;i&gt;O. rotunda&lt;/i&gt;. With increasing prey concentration, the growth and ingestion rates of&lt;i&gt; P. pellucidum&lt;/i&gt; on &lt;i&gt;K. bicuneiformis&lt;/i&gt; increased and then became saturated. Maximum growth and ingestion rates of &lt;i&gt;P. pellucidum&lt;/i&gt; on &lt;i&gt;K. bicuneiformis&lt;/i&gt; were 0.19 d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; and 0.86 ng C predator&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; (1.26 cells predator&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), respectively. However, all eight heterotrophic dinoflagellates tested were lysed by &lt;i&gt;K. selliformis&lt;/i&gt;. At a &lt;i&gt;K. selliformis&lt;/i&gt; concentration of 100 cells mL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; within 48 h, the survival of &lt;i&gt;G. dominans&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;G. moestrupii&lt;/i&gt; was only 0 and 13%, respectively. Therefore, &lt;i&gt;K. bicuneiformis&lt;/i&gt;can be prey for the heterotrophic dinoflagellates, whereas &lt;i&gt;K. selliformis&lt;/i&gt; kills them. These differential interactions may have resulted in different ecological niches for these two Karenia species.

Sang Ah Park

Jin Hee Ok

Se Hee Eom

Min Ji Kwon

Ji Hyun You

Hee Chang Kang

Hae Jin Jeong

Differential interactions between the bloom-forming dinoflagellates &lt;i&gt;Karenia bicuneiformis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Karenia selliformis&lt;/i&gt; and heterotrophic dinoflagellates

赤潮甲藻&lt;i&gt;Karenia bicuneiformis&lt;/i&gt;和&lt;i&gt;Karenia selliformis&lt;/i&gt;与异养甲藻之间的差异相互作用

Seaweed farming is emerging as a scalable and effective carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy, offering direct sequestration benefits through carbon uptake pathways and indirect climate advantages by substituting carbon-intensive products. This paper evaluates the potential of seaweed farming within the context of South Korea, leveraging its advanced aquaculture infrastructure, extensive coastal resources, and supportive policy frameworks. By synthesizing current literature, this study examines key sequestration mechanisms, including biomass storage, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release, and particulate organic carbon (POC) burial, while addressing uncertainties such as the stability of recalcitrant DOC and the efficiency of POC burial under site-specific conditions. The analysis highlights South Korea’s unique strengths, such as its established seaweed farming industry and innovative technological developments, alongside challenges like ecological trade-offs, nutrient competition, and the absence of robust monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems. The paper identifies opportunities to scale offshore farming, adopt integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, and enhance lifecycle climate benefits through product innovation and renewable energy integration. To guide future research and policy, the paper outlines critical gaps, including the need for precise quantification of long-term carbon sequestration pathways, development of MRV frameworks, and exploration of socio-economic impacts. By addressing these gaps, seaweed farming can become a central pillar of South Korea’s climate mitigation strategy, providing valuable insights for other regions seeking to integrate marine-based solutions into global CDR efforts.

Kwang Young Kim

Harnessing seaweed farming for climate mitigation in South Korea: evaluating carbon dioxide removal potential and future research directions

利用海藻养殖助力韩国气候缓解：评估二氧化碳去除潜力及未来研究方向

Abbreviation	Algae.
Journal Impact	3.00
Quartiles(Global)	PLANT SCIENCES(Q2)

ISSN	1226-2617, 2093-0860
h-index	30

Publication Information	Publisher: The Korean Society of Phycology，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2013，Proportion of original research papers: 92.00%，Self Citation Rate:25.80%， Gold OA Rate: 100.00%

Algae

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The description of Haematococcus privus sp. nov. (Chlorophyceae, Chlamydomonadales) from North America

Effects of environmental and physical factors on the shell infiltration density of free-living conchocelis of three <i>Pyropia species</i> (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

Insights into plankton communities in a <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) bloom and adjacent non-bloom waters

Differential expression of silicon transporter genes in frustule formation of the marine diatom <i>Thalassiosira eccentrica</i> LIMS-PS-3165

Differential interactions between the bloom-forming dinoflagellates <i>Karenia bicuneiformis</i> and <i>Karenia selliformis</i> and heterotrophic dinoflagellates

Effects of environmental and physical factors on the shell infiltration density of free-living conchocelis of three <i>Pyropia species</i> (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

Insights into plankton communities in a <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) bloom and adjacent non-bloom waters

Differential expression of silicon transporter genes in frustule formation of the marine diatom <i>Thalassiosira eccentrica</i> LIMS-PS-3165

Differential interactions between the bloom-forming dinoflagellates <i>Karenia bicuneiformis</i> and <i>Karenia selliformis</i> and heterotrophic dinoflagellates

Harnessing seaweed farming for climate mitigation in South Korea: evaluating carbon dioxide removal potential and future research directions