Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Panonica et Adriatica

Riehl melanosis (RM) is a form of pigmented contact dermatitis that often poses a diagnostic challenge due to overlaps in its clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological features with other pigmentary disorders.This report highlights significant findings and the proper approach for diagnosis.We present the case of a 47-year-old female with progressive facial hyperpigmentation (irregular, blotchy, grayish patches on the forehead, cheeks, and around the mouth) that acknowledged applying a lightening product before her complaint.Dermoscopy revealed brownish-gray dots and pseudonetwork pigmentation.The histopathological findings were comprised of hypergranulosis, interface dermatitis, and pigment incontinence.The patient's history and clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological examination results showed features consistent with-but not exclusive to-RM, such that it was not possible to rule out lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) and ashy dermatosis (AD).We finally diagnosed the patient with RM and treated her with medications consisting of alpha hydroxy acid, tretinoin, hydroquinone, and sunscreen.Patch testing might help because higher positivity rates were found in RM patients compared to LPP and AD.However, positive patch testing favors RM, and, regardless of diagnosis, provides a basis for substance avoidance in the treatment plan.

Irma Bernadette S. Sitohang

Rizky Lendl Prayogo

Rahadi Rihatmadja

Sondang P. Sirait

Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina Pannonica et Adriatica

The diagnostic conundrum of Riehl melanosis and other facial pigmentary disorders: a case report with overlapping clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological features

Riehl黑变病及其他面部色素性疾病的诊断难题：一例具有重叠临床、皮肤镜及组织病理学特征的病例报告

Introduction: Melasma, and its variant chloasma, is an acquired and chronic disorder of hyperpigmentation, characterized by symmetrical hypermelanoses of the face.The exact pathogenesis of melasma remains unclear.Several hormones are thought to play a role, including thyroid hormones.The study's objectives are to determine the proportion of melasma cases in hyperthyroid patients and to compare the severity of melasma before and after medications of hyperthyroid therapy.Methods: A quasi-experimental (pre-post intervention) study was conducted in Jakarta from August 2019 to February 2020.Twenty-three patients either newly diagnosed with hyperthyroidism or that had undergone hyperthyroid therapy for a maximum of 3 months and also had melasma were recruited.The severity of melasma was scored with the modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI), and dermoscopy of the lesions was performed.The evaluation was performed after 3 months of hyperthyroid therapy.Results: Among the 69 hyperthyroid patients, 45 (65%) had melasma.The mean difference in the mMASI score was 0.49 (p > 0.05).Dermoscopy features did not show any differences between the start and end of the study.Conclusions: There is no significant improvement of melasma severity in hyperthyroid patients after 3 months of hyperthyroid therapy.

Benny Nelson

Melani Marissa

Wresti Indriatmi

Wismandari Wisnu

A comparative study of melasma severity after hyperthyroid therapy in hyperthyroid subjects with melasma

甲状腺功能亢进伴黄褐斑患者治疗后黄褐斑严重程度的比较研究

Shigellae can be transmitted through sexual contact, especially among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM). The dynamics and factors contributing to sexual transmission of shigellosis are not yet fully understood. Shigella spp. are intestinal pathogens with a low infectious dose, making them more likely to spread through sexual contact. Asymptomatic carriage may also contribute to its transmission through sexual activity. Recommendations for prevention of sexual transmission of shigellosis include less risky sexual behavior, the use of protective measures, thorough cleaning of sex toys, and good personal hygiene. If a partner has diarrhea, it is recommended to avoid sexual contact during and for at least 1 to 2 weeks after the symptoms have resolved, and to refrain from oral-anal contact for 4 to 6 weeks. Globally, the burden of shigellosis is highest in low- and middle-income countries, particularly among young children. In high-income countries, international travelers and gbMSM are considered the main risk groups for shigellosis. Raising awareness about the possible sexual transmission of shigellosis among at-risk groups is necessary. Increasing awareness among clinicians about the potential for sexual transmission of shigellosis is vital to ensure appropriate counseling and patient management.

Mateja Pirš

Sexually transmitted shigellosis

性传播志贺氏菌病

This review assesses Poland's activities in preventing and managing human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases, summarizing information from the 2023 HPV Prevention and Control Board meeting. Progress in primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention identifies opportunities to strengthen control of cervical cancer. Poland's national HPV vaccination program, launched in June 2023, initially achieved suboptimal coverage. In contrast, regional initiatives such as the Wrocław immunization program, which has operated for over a decade, demonstrate highly relevant context-specific best practices, including the use of a "train the trainers" model to effectively share information among stakeholders and mitigate crisis. Improved vaccination rates require not only ease of access to vaccines, as the COVID-19 vaccination program has demonstrated, but also addressing parental concerns about vaccine safety and effectiveness. Moreover, innovative strategies-such as integration of adolescent vaccination with cervical screening among women 30 to 45 years old-may have the potential to increase uptake and accelerate elimination in the country. For secondary prevention, Poland is well placed to switch to HPV-based screening, having a centralized registry, validated tests, and standardized colposcopy. The results of a study of the "HPV testing In Polish POpulation" (HIPPO) cervical cancer screening program confirm the superiority of HPV testing over cytology; however, current opportunistic screening poses challenges concerning completeness and equity in data. Expanding organized screening programs and midwife-led services will increase access and help build confidence in public-sector health systems. Tertiary prevention is in line with updated European guidelines. In early-stage cervical cancer, there has been an increase in the use of less invasive surgical approaches, and immunotherapies, such as pembrolizumab, hold promise in locally advanced disease. Initial data suggest that HPV vaccination may help reduce the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) after excisional treatments, but more data are needed. Poland's coordinated approach shows significant improvements while also highlighting the need for continued innovation, quality control, and public engagement to improve the prevention and treatment of HPV-related conditions.

Andrzej Nowakowski

Artur Prusaczyk

Leszek Szenborn

Kamila Ludwikowska

Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz

Dorothy A Machalek

Marc Baay

F Ricardo Burdier

Dur-E-Nayab Waheed

Alex Vorsters

The HPV prevention and control program in Poland: progress and the way forward

波兰HPV预防与控制计划：进展与未来方向

Kallikrein proteases (KPs) are vital enzymes involved in the formation of dermatosomes and are regulated by the body's internal inhibitors. Maintaining a balance between KPs and their inhibitors is essential for promoting a healthy scalp. The scalp specifically contains two KPs: human kallikrein (hK) 5 and hK7, which are encoded by their respective genes. In addition, the serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (SPINK5) gene encodes the lympho-epithelial Kazal-type‒related inhibitor (LEKTI), which effectively inhibits both hK5 and hK7. The normal desquamation process relies on the availability and activity of hK5 and hK7, along with their regulation by LEKTI. When LEKTI levels are insufficient, it results in abnormal desquamation characterized by the overactivity of hK5 and hK7. Consequently, KPs, particularly hK5 and hK7, present promising targets for novel treatments aimed at reducing flake formation associated with dandruff. KP inhibitors are crucial components in targeting these proteases. In this review, literature on KPs, dandruff, and their inhibitors was analyzed to elucidate the roles of KPs in dandruff pathogenesis and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of KP inhibitor-based approaches for managing this condition.

Hendra Wijaya Wong

Ivan Kurniadi

Kris Herawan Timotius

Targeting kallikrein proteases for dandruff therapy

靶向激肽释放酶蛋白酶治疗头皮屑

This review evaluates the risks and benefits of botulinum toxin (BTX) therapy for treating bromhidrosis. A search was conducted across six databases, including clinical trials comparing BTX therapy with BTX-free controls. The analyzed outcomes included pooled adverse events (AEs), treatment success, ≥ 50% overall improvement, and recurrence rates. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Fourteen trials involving 1,293 participants were eligible. The BTX group experienced significantly fewer AEs than controls (relative risk [RR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33 [0.20-0.54]). Subgroup analysis indicated that the AE reduction was significant only when compared to small skin incision procedures. Overall, BTX did not show significant treatment success (RR [95% CI]: 1.06 [0.85-1.34]) or ≥ 50% improvement (RR [95% CI]: 0.98 [0.93-1.03]). However, BTX demonstrated superior treatment success compared to electrocauterization (RR [95% CI]: 1.45 [1.15-1.83]) and ethanol injection (RR [95% CI]: 2.27 [1.49-3.45]). Against placebos, BTX significantly reduced odor intensity (mean difference [95% CI]: 1.39 [-2.63 to -0.16]). Nevertheless, the recurrence rate was significantly higher in the BTX group (RR [95% CI]: 3.80 [1.06-13.67]). Notably, most studies (n = 9) were of low quality. In conclusion, although BTX is safe, it is not effective for the treatment of bromhidrosis.

Muhammad Candragupta Jihwaprani

Tiara Dinar Ismirahmadani

Yipeng Sun

Ayu Wikan Sayekti

Idris Sula

Nazmus Saquib

Tolerability and efficacy of botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of bromhidrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

肉毒毒素注射治疗臭汗症的耐受性和疗效：临床试验的系统评价和荟萃分析

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disease marked by recurrent abscesses, sinus tracts, and scarring, often accompanied by systemic symptoms. Diagnosed clinically, HS affects around 0.4% of people in western populations, but standardized treatment options are limited, leading to inconsistent outcomes. This study retrospectively analyzes 15 years of HS cases in southeastern Europe to better understand regional characteristics and treatment responses.

Dubravka Živanović

Marko Demenj

Miloš Nikolić

Dušan Škiljević

Mirjana Milinković Srećković

Snezana Minić

Neda Delić

Svetlana Popadić

Hospitalized hidradenitis suppurativa patients at a university clinic: a fifteen-year retrospective analysis of hospitalized patients with a focus on sex differences

大学附属医院住院的化脓性汗腺炎患者：一项针对住院患者的十五年回顾性分析，重点关注性别差异

Abbreviation	Acta. Dermatovenerol. Alp. Pannonica. Adriat.
Journal Impact	0.73
Quartiles(Global)	DERMATOLOGY(Q4)

ISSN	1318-4458, 1581-2979
h-index	32

Publication Information	Publisher: Slovenian Medical Society，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1994，Proportion of original research papers: 84.00%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%

Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Panonica et Adriatica

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The diagnostic conundrum of Riehl melanosis and other facial pigmentary disorders: a case report with overlapping clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological features

A comparative study of melasma severity after hyperthyroid therapy in hyperthyroid subjects with melasma

Sexually transmitted shigellosis

The HPV prevention and control program in Poland: progress and the way forward

Targeting kallikrein proteases for dandruff therapy

Sexually transmitted shigellosis

The HPV prevention and control program in Poland: progress and the way forward

Targeting kallikrein proteases for dandruff therapy

Tolerability and efficacy of botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of bromhidrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

Hospitalized hidradenitis suppurativa patients at a university clinic: a fifteen-year retrospective analysis of hospitalized patients with a focus on sex differences