Acta Metallurgica Slovaca

The blade is a component of the shot blast machine that functions as a thrower of small steel balls (steel shot). During its use, the blade undergoes impacts and friction with the steel shot, causing wear and a shortened lifespan. The material typically used for blades is white cast iron. Hence, the blade must possess good hardness and wear resistance. This study analyzed the causes of blade failure and proposed solutions in the form of hardening and tempering treatments. The tests conducted in this research included composition analysis, metallographic examination, hardness testing, and wear resistance testing. Based on the composition and hardness tests, the failure was attributed to material composition and hardness not meeting the ASTM A532 standards. The solution to this failure involves heat treatment to achieve hardness that complies with ASTM A532 standards, specifically hardening at 900°C for 40 minutes, followed by cooling with oil as the quenching medium. Then, the tempering process was carried out at 200°C, 250°C, and 300°C with holding times of 80 and 120 minutes. Post-heat treatment, the optimal hardness value, and the lowest wear rate were obtained at a tempering temperature of 300°C with a holding time of 120 minutes. The hardness value of the blade material under these conditions reached 63.8 HRC, and the wear rate was 1,21E-04 mm3.kg-1.m-1. A low wear rate indicates that the material has high wear resistance.

Viko Adji Setiawan

Widia Setiawan

Lilik Dwi Setyana

Nugroho Santoso

Galuh Bahari

EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE IMPROVED WEAR RESISTANCE OF SHOT BLAST MACHINE BLADE MATERIAL

热处理对喷砂机叶片材料耐磨性提升效果的影响

The wear behaviour of copper material processed by ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Pressing) and orbital forging (OF) is presented in this study. Dry sliding wear tests were carried out for the wear behaviour of the investigated system. Oxygen-free high thermal conductivity (OFHC) copper was used for testing. The new combination of metal forming processes was used because of ease of fabrication. Additionally, wear rate, friction coefficient and wears mechanisms were observed. The friction resistance is caused by the destruction of the adhesion between surface asperities in metal friction. Moreover, increased asperity interactions connected with wear particle entrapment gradually increase the friction coefficient. These results show the metal forming process's positive influence in reducing interfacial adhesion and asperity deformation. Finally, the combinations of newly used advanced processing demonstrated excellent wear characteristics of copper.

Robert Bidulsky

Jana Bidulská

Tibor Kvačkaj

Marco Actis Grande

Case study of advanced processed OFHC copper by dry sliding wear test

干滑动磨损试验对高级加工无氧高导铜的案例研究

This work focusses on analysing mechanical properties and microscopic assessment into Inconel-718 plates in welded and unwelded conditions. Welding was performed by tungsten inert gas welding technique. Two mechanical tests such as tensile test and hardness were performed on both the types of plates to compare the properties of welded joint and unwelded plate. Although Inconel 718 possesses good weldability, the strength, ductility, and hardness of welded joint were reported lesser than these of Unwelded plate. The microstructural images revealed that metal carbides present in Inconel plate had reduced after welding. The ultimate tensile stress and elongation before breaking of welded joint were 16% and 72% lower than Unwelded plate. The fractography analysis of the ruptured part revealed that Unwelded plate possessed higher ductility than welded plate.

Saurabh Dewangan

Sharath Narayanan

Gurbaaz Singh Gill

Utkarsh Chadha

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION INTO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF INCONEL ALLOY UNDER WELDED AND UNWELDED CONDITIONS

焊接与未焊接条件下INCONEL合金力学性能及微观结构行为的初步研究

AISI 1020 grade of steel is well known for its good combination of high strength and fair ductility. Therefore, it is widely demanded in construction sectors. It possesses a good weldability too in both arc and gas welding conditions. In the present work four pairs of AISI 1020-0.2%C steel plates were welded by shielded arc welding method. Except one welded plate, other three were heat treated. Based on the heat treating, three different physical conditions were achieved- water quenched, oil quenched and annealed. All the samples were tested for tensile strength, hardness, and microstructure. The annealed specimen has showed a significantly improved tensile strength of 439 MPa which is 85% higher than as-welded specimen. Water and oil quenched specimens showed lesser strength than that of as-welded specimen. With regard to hardness, there were two different observations. The as-welded and annealed specimens indicated the highest hardness at welded joint whereas the lower values were reported in base metal part. In contrary, the water and oil quenched specimens were harder in base metal zone as compared to welded zone. Both, strength, and hardness were found in good correlation with microstructural appearance of the plates.

Vedant Vinod Nemade

Kanad Harshal Nemade

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR IN WELDED PLATES OF AISI 0.2%-C STEEL UNDER AS-WELDED, QUENCHED AND ANNEALED CONDITIONS

AISI 0.2%-C钢焊接板材在焊态、淬火和退火条件下的材料行为关键分析

The structural-phase state of the Al-Co-Cr-Cu-Fe-Ni system high-entropy alloy obtained by laser alloying of technically pure aluminium surface layers was investigated by XRD, EDX and metallographic analyses. It is shown that in the process of laser alloying the formation of an an ordered multicomponent substitution solid solution based on BCC lattice took place, which is typical for high-entropy alloys. The process of heterogeneous crystallization of high-entropy alloys AlCoCrCuFeNi and Al3CoCrCuFeNi was modeled taking into account cooling rates of the melt. It is established that the formation of the obtained structure is a consequence of high cooling rates of the melt and high content of aluminum in the laser alloying zone. The microhardness of the alloyed surface was higher compared to high-entropy alloys of this system obtained under equilibrium conditions and was equal to 6.59 GPa. Additional reasons that may affect the high values of microhardness are analysed.

Vasyl' Girzhon

Vladyslav Yemelianchenko

Oleksandr Smolyakov

High entropy coating from AlCoCrCuFeNi alloy, obtained by laser alloying

激光合金化制备的AlCoCrCuFeNi高熵涂层

This work synthesised layered structural orthorhombic LiMnO2 powder via a hydrothermal process. The influences of hydrothermal temperature (tr°), reaction time (tht), molar concentration of LiOH.H2O in aqueous solutions (CLH), and the ratio of Mn2O3 powder (xr/t) were investigated. A high-purity LiMnO2 powder was successfully synthesised using hydrothermal synthesis at CLH = 4M, tht = 8 h, tr° = 180 °C, and xr/t = 0.9. The synthesis LiMnO2 powders have layer structure, and the planar density calculations indicated that the (021) planes had a lower average planar density than those of (100) and (010) planes, which led to a faster crystal growth on (021) planes. Moreover, single crystals of LiMnO2 were pseudo-hexagonal also due to the lower average planar density of (221) planes compared to that of (021) planes, which made the crystal grow faster on (221) planes.

Ngoc Binh Duong

Van Thang Pham

Tuan Hung Hoang

Hong Thang Le

Duc Huy Tran

SYNTHESIS OF ORTHORHOMBIC LiMnO2 BY HYDROTHERMAL PROCESS

水热法制备正交相LiMnO2的合成

Developing lightweight, high-strength materials is an important technological problem of the present decade. However, alloying with expensive elements is mainly used to increase the strength of structural materials. In contrast, aluminum alloys with a specific ratio of silicon and iron show very high mechanical properties. This work aims to develop a technology for synthesizing an aluminium-based alloy with a high content of iron and silicon, consisting mainly of intermetallic phases and having high strength and hardness. The additive technology method of surfacing with a consumable electrode produced the alloy. The ratio of the initial components, meticulously determined, led to the precise chemical composition of the alloy. As a result of the synthesis, an ingot with a uniform microstructure and insignificant porosity, a testament to the careful process, was obtained. At room temperature, the alloy has a phase composition of 42.6% β-phase, 43.4% θ-phase and 13.5% FCC-phase. Phases β and θ are large particles between which the FCC aluminum phase is located. The hardness of the intermetallic β/θ is 450.8±5 HV1, FCC aluminum has a hardness of 92.5 HV1. This research has the potential to inspire further developments in materials science and engineering.

Violetta Andreyachshenko

Igor Bartenev

Yelena Malashkevichute-Brillant

SYNTHESIZING OF AN ALUMINUM ALLOY RICH IN IRON AND SILICON BY SURFACING WITH A CONSUMABLE ELECTRODE

通过消耗电极堆焊制备富铁硅铝合金

This study explores the ferrochrome smelting technology using briquettes with various carbonaceous reducers. The research addresses the significant challenge of dust and fine fractions of raw materials generated during the metallurgical industry's crushing, beneficiation, storage, and transportation processes. Briquettes were produced and tested by agglomerating chrome ore dust with carbonaceous reducers for their mechanical properties and effectiveness in smelting processes. The study concludes that carbonaceous reducers' ash content significantly affects the chrome ore-containing briquettes' thermal stability and electrical conductivity. Low ash content was associated with better performance in the smelting process. Using briquettes with various carbonaceous reducers offers a flexible approach to charge composition, depending on specific production needs and the availability of reducers. The results highlight the potential for improved environmental impact, reduced material losses, and enhanced efficiency in ferrochrome production.

Yerbolat Makhambetov

Amankeldy Akhmetov

Serik Gabdullin

Yerbol Shabanov

Ruslan Toleukadyr

Zhalgas Saulebek

Aibar Myrzagaliyev

STUDY OF FERROCHROME SMELTING TECHNOLOGY USING BRIQUETTES WITH VARIOUS CARBONACEOUS REDUCERS

不同碳质还原剂团块的铬铁冶炼技术研究

This study presents a metallographic analysis of non-metallic inclusions in steel samples obtained from six different heats of the oxygen converter shop at JSC «Qarmet» and under laboratory conditions at the Karaganda Industrial University. The investigation focused on semi-killed steel samples deoxidized using traditional technology under industrial conditions and with a complex alloy containing Fe-Si-Mn-Al under laboratory conditions, aiming to identify the types and assess the level of contamination by non-metallic inclusions. The results revealed the presence of various types of non-metallic inclusions, such as corundum, chromite spinel, chromium oxides, as well as titanium nitrides and carbonitrides. The degree of contamination by non-metallic inclusions ranged from 2 to 3 points. The analysis showed that the use of a complex Fe-Si-Mn-Al alloy instead of traditional deoxidizers can affect the quantitative and qualitative composition of non-metallic inclusions. It was established that the complex alloy promotes the formation of more stable inclusion phases, which can positively impact the mechanical properties of the steel. It was also found that different production technologies and the use of deoxidizers can significantly influence the quantity and types of non-metallic inclusions, requiring further study and optimization of technological processes. Therefore, the results of this study can be valuable for metallurgical enterprises in selecting optimal steel deoxidation methods and improving steel quality, as well as for further scientific research in the fields of metallurgy and materials science.

Talgat Zhuniskaliyev

Yerbol Kyatbay

Yerbol Mukhambetgaliyev

Gulzhamal Kusainova

Assylbek Abdirashit

METALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF NON-METALLIC INCLUSIONS IN SEMI-KILLED STEEL (GRADE 25G2S) DEOXIDIZED WITH A COMPLEX ALLOY Fe-Si-Mn-Al

半镇静钢（25G2S级）用复合合金Fe-Si-Mn-Al脱氧后的非金属夹杂物金相分析

Abbreviation	Acta Metall. Slovaca
Journal Impact	1.03
Quartiles(Global)	METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING(Q3)

ISSN	1335-1532, 1338-1156
h-index	16

Publication Information	Publisher: SciCell s.r.o.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2009，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:27.30%， Gold OA Rate: 100.00%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：12 Weeks

Acta Metallurgica Slovaca

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EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE IMPROVED WEAR RESISTANCE OF SHOT BLAST MACHINE BLADE MATERIAL

Case study of advanced processed OFHC copper by dry sliding wear test

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION INTO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF INCONEL ALLOY UNDER WELDED AND UNWELDED CONDITIONS

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR IN WELDED PLATES OF AISI 0.2%-C STEEL UNDER AS-WELDED, QUENCHED AND ANNEALED CONDITIONS

High entropy coating from AlCoCrCuFeNi alloy, obtained by laser alloying

EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE IMPROVED WEAR RESISTANCE OF SHOT BLAST MACHINE BLADE MATERIAL

SYNTHESIS OF ORTHORHOMBIC LiMnO2 BY HYDROTHERMAL PROCESS

SYNTHESIZING OF AN ALUMINUM ALLOY RICH IN IRON AND SILICON BY SURFACING WITH A CONSUMABLE ELECTRODE

STUDY OF FERROCHROME SMELTING TECHNOLOGY USING BRIQUETTES WITH VARIOUS CARBONACEOUS REDUCERS

METALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF NON-METALLIC INCLUSIONS IN SEMI-KILLED STEEL (GRADE 25G2S) DEOXIDIZED WITH A COMPLEX ALLOY Fe-Si-Mn-Al