Acta Technologica Agriculturae

In this contribution, we present the description of a B-spline curve. We deal with creation of its basis function as well as with creation of the curve itself from entered control points. Following the literature, we formed an algorithm for B-spline modelling and we used it for the planar and spatial curve. The planar curve is made of chosen points. The spatial curve approximates the trajectory of a real vehicle, which trajectory was obtained by the set of measured points. The modelled curve very exactly describes the polygon created from the linked control points. With the lowering degree of the curve, this one is more clamping to the given polygon and for the extreme case it is transformed to the polygon itself. The advantage of the B-spline curve use is, for example in comparison with a Bézier curve, high adaptability, which is expressed in its parameters - besides entered control points, these are knots generated on the curve and degree of the curve.

Dušan Páleš

Veronika Váliková

Ján Antl

František Tóth

Approximation of Vehicle Trajectory with B-Spline Curve

车辆轨迹的B样条曲线逼近

Abstract The article presents the results of studying the influence of tillage methods on the number of bacteria and fungi in the arable soil layer, nutrient indicators, and, consequently, the yield of Trifolium pratense . The purpose of the study is to determine how tillage affects the feeding regime and yield of Trifolium pratense . The research was conducted at the experimental field of the Educational and Scientific Research Center of Lviv National Environmental University. For the study of microorganisms in the arocenosis of meadow clover, soil samples were taken using a cylindrical drill from arable (0–20 cm) and sub-soil (20–40 cm) layers with an average weight of an individual sample of 300 g. For microbiological analysis, average samples from five individual samples were prepared. The isolation of the main agronomically useful groups of microorganisms from the soil was carried out by the method of microbiological sowing of soil extracts on solid nutrient media: for fungi – wort-agar, for bacteria – meat-peptone agar (MPA). The dilution of the soil extract for fungi and bacteria was, respectively, 1 : 1000; 1 : 100000. Microbiological seeding was performed in triplicate. The calculation of the total number of microorganisms in the soil was carried out by Tepper´s method. The yield of crops and the results of laboratory studies were processed by the method of variance analysis. The application of a tiered tillage allowed to increase the yield of Trifolium pratense green mass by 4.5 t·ha −1 (+17.0%) compared to the control (conventional plowing). It is established that tier ploughing with the PYA-4-40 plough promotes uniform distribution of nutrients in the arable soil layer and formation of homogeneous soil fertility. In such a soil environment, much more favorable conditions are created for the development of microflora and more intensive microbiological processes compared to the options of chisel and conventional (control) tillage, and, consequently, the formation of high yields of green Trifolium pratense .

Ivan Dudar

Ivan Shuvar

Hanna Korpita

Volodymyr Balkovskyi

Bogdan Shuvar

Antin Shuvar

Ruslan Kropyvnytskyi

The Effect of Tillage Method on the Nutrient Regime of Soil during the Growing of Trifolium pratense

耕作方法对红三叶草生长期间土壤养分状况的影响

Abstract Ginger ( Zingiber officinale var. rubrum ) is a rhizome plant that can benefit health, fitness and be used as a spice. The content contained in ginger can prevent and treat various diseases and act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. The cultivation of ginger plants requires adequate nutrients and water for development and growth. Crop water requirements are influenced by crop coefficients which vary according to the plant growth stage. The crop coefficient values are needed for irrigation management and increasing irrigation efficiency. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the crop coefficient value of ginger by lysimeter. Lysimeter is a water balance device with the principle of mass conservation, where the input is rainfall and irrigation while the output is percolation and evapotranspiration. The rainfall during the investigated period was 0–62.82 mm·day −1 , humidity 70.7–89.4%, and air temperature 23.7–32.9 °C. The crop coefficient of ginger increased during the vegetative growth period, i.e., 0.997 in the seedling stage, 1.072 in the tiller stage, and 1.138 in the advanced vegetative stage. The crop coefficient of red ginger was determined using a lysimeter quite accurately, with a coefficient of determination value ( R 2 ) 0.950 and a significant value of F less than 0.05.

Sitti Nur Faridah

Samsuar Samsuar

Husnul Mubarak

Tisha Aditya Jamaluddin

Gemala Hardinasinta

Reski Amalia

Nunik Lestari

The Crop Coefficient of Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) during Vegetative Growth in Eastern Indonesia

东印度尼西亚生姜（Zingiber officinale var. rubrum）营养生长期作物系数研究

Abstract For seed germination and the formation of a good soybean crop, significant reserves of soil moisture are required, which depends on the autumn-winter soil preparation, weather conditions and planting dates. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of the main tillage technology on its agrophysical properties and conditions for the growth and development of soybean plants. Experimental crop rotation: soybean – winter wheat was carried out under favourable (hydrothermal coefficient 1.46) and dry (hydrothermal coefficient 0.66–0.87) weather conditions. The main tillage was carried out with a stratifier PRSM-5 to a depth of 15–17 cm or a chisel plough PCh-2.5 to a depth of 25–27 cm, with additional pre-sowing or post-sowing rolling with a ring-spur roller KKSH. Sowing was carried out at a depth of 10 cm with stable heating of the soil in three periods: the first at 8–10 °С, the second at 10–12 °С, and the third at 12–14 °С. As a result of evaluating the influence of various factors, it was found that under favourable conditions, the highest seed productivity of soybean plants (1.91–1.96 t·ha −1 ) was formed after treatment with the stratifier PRSM-5 at the first sowing period and at the second sowing period after chisel ploughing with additional soil compaction. In dry weather conditions, pre-sowing treatment with a stratifier PRSM-5 had an advantage in seed productivity by 7–12% compared to ploughing with a chisel plough PCH-2.5.

Yuri Syromyatnikov

Ivan Semenenko

Kirill Maksimovich

Irina Troyanovskaya

Andrey Karnaukhov

Alexandra Orekhovskaya

Sergey Voinash

Influence of Agrotechnical Practices and Sowing Time in Various Weather on Soybean Yield

农艺措施和不同天气条件下播种时间对大豆产量的影响

Abstract Digging holes for planting, which is a minimal tillage method, is beneficial in terms of reducing energy consumption and preventing erosion. Current popular hole diggers operate intermittently to give low productivity, and this problem can be solved by continuous hole digging machine with active tillage unit. On the basis of established principles, the kinematics of machine and its optimal parameters have been studied and determined. This paper presents the results of the study on dynamics of a tractor combined with a continuous excavator, as a basis for determining the combination’s working parameters, such as the speed of the unit and the number of rows. The experimental data on digger’s drag torque and the characteristics of Kubota B2530 tractor are the basis for simulating the working process at different speeds. The inequality of rotation speed and the moment of engine crankshaft is determined. Aggregates with single-row digger work stably in gears P1 to P6, while with double-row digger, stable operation is in gears P1 to P5. The productivity of a continuous operating digger is superior to that of an intermittent operating one. A continuous operating digger can reach 3500 pits·hour -1 with a double-row or 2400 pits·hour -1 with a single-row tractor aggregate.

Hristo Beloev

Nguyen Duc Long

Dau The Nhu

Dynamics of Tractor Aggregated with Continuously Operating Planting Hole Digger

拖拉机与连续作业种植孔挖掘机组合的动力学特性

Abstract On low-lying soils with a high clay content and poor water conductivity, excess water regularly appears after almost every rainy winter causing soil degradation, which leads to yield failures and/or losses. To outlet the harmful excess surface, waters needs appropriate ameliorative and agrotechnical operations. Among them, scraping represents a suitable intervention into soil structure involving the complete conversion of the micro-topography of the land. The humus content of the soil is a determining factor in terms of soil fertility; therefore, it must be preserved even when drastic tillage operations are carried out on a plot. Our research aimed to assess the effect of scraping on the humus content of the soil on three plots with a heavy textured Vertisol endangered by excess waters. Scraping was used on these plots to create a homogeneous topography and surface with a slight slope to get rid of excess water when it appears. It was established that scraping did not cause humus loss on a plot scale, and it resulted in an evener organic matter distribution, hence a potentially more homogenous yield within the ameliorated plots.

Máté Nagy Pál

Ján Jobbágy

Géza Tuba

Györgyi Kovács

József Zsembeli

Effect of Scraping on Humus Content of Heavy Textured Soil Degraded by Excess Waters

刮削对过量水分退化重质地土壤腐殖质含量的影响

Abstract The aim of the work was to test the level of daylight conditions and the heat load of animals in the summer season in two identically oriented dairy barns with different construction and material solutions. Measurements were carried out in the same farm and at the same time. A classic massive building – reconstructed barn (RB) for 158 dairy cows with a volume of 34.3 m 3 per animal supplemented in summer by motor ventilation (522.15 m 3 per animal, total 82,500 m 3 ·h −1 ) had an indoor daylight factor DF below the limit DF avg, int = 0.21% (against the recommended DF = 1% for housing dairy cows). In the external feeding alley, which was screened by a shelter and an adjacent building, lighting conditions were compliant with DF avg, ext = 4.02%. However, the level of heat load as measured by indices was above the limit ( THI avg, int = 84.65) despite the motor ventilation used; in the outdoor feeder THI avg, ext = 81.63, against the recommended stress-free level THI = 72. Similarly, according to the ETIC assessment, the results were deficient ETI Cavg, int = 26.16 and in the outdoor feed ETI Cavg, ext = 25.24 against the recommended level of ETIC = 20. The second building, a new barn (NB) for 444 dairy cows was a new large-cubicle indoor structure with 82.53 m 3 per animal, with a translucent roof (37.87% of the total 4,927.6 m 2 was of translucent polycarbonate triple-pipe roofing). This amount of translucent elements together with large window openings of a total area of 879.6 m 2 was also reflected in the values of the daylight factor DF avg, int = 7.59%. The level of heat load was not significantly lower compared to a massive RB with motor ventilation over a double row of bunks (fans with a total capacity of 82,500 m 3 ·h −1 ). In NB, no animal cooling features were activated, but technically and spatially they were easily solvable (whether economical ventilation systems with laminar flow, precisely controlled sprinkling of animals, or another combination of evaporative and flow solutions). These efficient types of cooling would be almost impossible to deploy in RB or only with a special renovation of the building, which would be comprehensively costly.

Milada Balková

Jana Lendelová

Ingrid Karandušovská

Miroslav Žitňák

Testing of Daylighting and Heat Load Parameters in Different Design Types of Dairy Cow Housing

不同设计类型奶牛舍日光照明与热负荷参数测试

Abstract The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of changes of technical working parameters of a field sprayer on changes of the coefficient of variation for double stream atomisers. The technical parameters were the height and the inclination angle of the sprayer boom and spraying pressure. In the studies, a Drift Guard TwinJet Flat Spray nozzle (DGTJ60 11003 VS) was used. It generated two flat fans of liquid at the spray angle of 110°, directed forward and backward in relation to the direction of sprayer movement. It has a 60° angle between its two fans. The measurement of the coefficient of variation of transverse liquid distribution was done using the Hardi Spray Scanner patternator. The obtained results indicate that the height of field boom setup, the angle of inclination, and their interaction had the strongest influence on the value of the coefficient of variation of transverse liquid distribution for the field boom equipped with the DGTJ60 11003VS nozzle. Field boom setup during the spraying at the height of 0.5–0.6 m, keeping field boom inclination from 0° to 2°, and using the liquid pressure of 0.4 MPa allowed for gaining the lowest values of the coefficient from 5.03% to 6.53%.

Stanisław Parafiniuk

Tomasz Nowakowski

Milan Koszel

Jarosław Chlebowski

Pavol Findura

Influence of Chosen Working Parameters of Sprayer on Coefficient of Variation of Transverse Liquid Distribution for Twin Fan Nozzle

喷雾器选定工作参数对双扇形喷嘴横向液体分布变异系数的影响

Abstract This study aims to investigate the effects of manure and vermicompost in terms of soil elasticity modulus changes in loam soil. The uniaxial compression test measures the compressive strength of a soil cylinder without any lateral load. The modulus of elasticity was determined by plotting the strain-stress diagrams and calculating the slope of these diagrams. The increase in moisture and organic matter content significantly improved soil flexibility and decreased its elasticity modulus. It was found that adding animal manure had a greater effect on the flexibility of the soil as compared to vermicompost, while the elasticity modulus of the samples containing animal manure was lower. The interaction effect of moisture and the organic matter content indicated that the increase in humidity was more effective in the soil containing vermicompost as compared to the soil containing manure, such that when the manure rate was around 19%, the moisture increase had no significant impact on the elasticity modulus. It was found that adding organic matter was more effective at the low moisture level of 15.5% than at higher moistures where the effect of adding organic matter did not affect the soil elasticity modulus decrement as strongly.

Ali Asadollahi

Gholamhossein Shahgholi

Mariusz Szymanek

Agata Dziwulska-Hunek

Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Manure and Vermicompost on the Elasticity Modulus of Loam Soil in Different Moistures

不同水分条件下粪肥和蚯蚓堆肥对壤土弹性模量影响的比较分析

Abstract The estimation of machine‘s centre of gravity (COG) dislocation is presented in this article. Various types of agricultural tractors‘ parameters were analysed. Their parameters such as track width in the range of 〈1222 mm, 1900 mm〉 and COG height in the range of 〈830 mm, 1340 mm〉 are known from the reports of OECD tests. The static stability of the machine is defined by the critical angle of labile equilibrium or critical overturning angle in static disposition, which is determined from measurement on the tilt table. The critical overturning angle can be calculated from the known parameters of COG dislocation. The critical overturning angle for each analysed machine can be evaluated from the obtained dataset. The mean and standard deviation of parameters were used as input parameters into Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The MCS method was used for the estimation of the critical overturning angle and height of COG for 2500 data. Simulation was performed using a Mathcad® Prime 9.0 software. The basic statistical analysis was performed using a Spyder software in the Python language. The polynomial approximation equation was set up, and then COG heights were calculated. The critical overturning angle was calculated from the real and simulated parameters. The functions of the critical overturning angle were compared, and the fit of approximation was evaluated by the R 2 parameter. The designed model was verified by the F -distribution test.

Jozef Rédl

Grigory Boyko

Davood Kalantari

Prediction of Machine’s Centre of Gravity Dislocation with Monte Carlo Simulation

基于蒙特卡罗模拟的机器重心偏移预测

短名	Acta Technol. Agric.
Journal Impact	1.17
国际分区	AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY(Q2)

ISSN	1335-2555, 1338-5267
h-index	16

涉及主题	工程类物理生物环境科学材料科学化学热力学生态学地理计算机科学量子力学有机化学复合材料数学机械工程地质学农学汽车工程考古历史废物管理
出版信息	出版商: De Gruyter Open Ltd.，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 2015，原创研究文献占比: 100.00%，自引率:38.50%， Gold OA占比: 100.00%
平均审稿周期	网友分享经验：18 Weeks

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