Journal of Equine Science

A two-year-old male Japanese draft horse (known as a "Ban'ei horse") excreted eight cestodes. Based on their morphological features, they were identified as Anoplocephala perfoliata. The partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences of the worms were nearly identical to A. perfoliata isolated from horses in Europe. The results of phylogenetic analyses of COI revealed that our samples and the European isolates formed the same clade, which was separate from Chinese and Australian isolates. Ban'ei horses were developed by crossbreeding draft horses imported from European countries in the 1900s. Our results suggest that A. perfoliata was transported to Hokkaido with horses from Europe. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. perfoliata infection in a Japanese draft horse.

Mizuki SASAKI

Natsuko FUKUMOTO

Shinya FUKUMOTO

DNA barcoding of &lt;i&gt;Anoplocephala perfoliata&lt;/i&gt; derived from a draft horse (Ban’ei horse) in Hokkaido, Japan

日本北海道挽马（Ban’ei马）来源的<i>Anoplocephala perfoliata</i>的DNA条形码分析

We evaluated the clinical efficacy of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol-ketamine-xylazine (PKX) with or without remifentanil for castration in horses. Twenty-four Thoroughbred horses were premedicated with intravenous (IV) xylazine (1.0 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.02 mg/kg) and anesthetized with IV ketamine (1.5 mg/kg) and propofol (1.0 mg/kg). Surgical anesthesia was maintained with constant infusion of propofol (3.0 mg/kg/hr)-ketamine (3.0 mg/kg/hr)-xylazine (1.0 mg/kg/hr) (group PKX: n=8), PKX combined with remifentanil (3.0 µg/kg/hr) (group PKXR3: n=8), or PKX combined with remifentanil (6.0 µg/kg/hr) (group PKXR6: n=8). During anesthesia, none of the horses showed any limb movements, but five, two, and two horses in the PKX, PKXR3, and PKXR6 groups, respectively, showed cremaster muscle contractions. One horse in the PKX group required doubling the PKX infusion rate to continue surgery. Adverse effects of remifentanil (trembling of the nose tip or tongue) were observed in one and three horses in the PKXR3 and PKXR6 groups, respectively. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure were well maintained in all groups. Ventilation was assisted in four, five, and six horses in the PKX, PKXR3, and PKXR6 groups, respectively. Recovery scores in the PKX group were fair in one horse, good in three horses, and excellent in four horses, whereas recovery in all horses in the PKXR3 and PKXR6 groups was judged to be excellent. TIVA with PKX combined with remifentanil 3.0 µg/kg/hr could provide more sufficient anesthetic depth than PKX with fewer clinically significant adverse effects than that with remifentanil 6.0 µg/kg/hr.

Tasuku OTSUKA

Masanari ARAKI

Hiroshi MITA

Yoshinori KAMBAYASHI

Eiru YOSHIHARA

Minoru OHTA

Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol–ketamine–xylazine with or without remifentanil in thoroughbred horses undergoing castration

丙泊酚-氯胺酮-赛拉嗪全静脉麻醉在去势纯种马中的应用：是否联合瑞芬太尼

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of prostaglandin F2α (dinoprost) and oxytocin administration on uterine polymorphonuclear neutrophil counts in the Japanese heavy draft mare. To compare polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) counts in the endometrium, a total of 162 samples were collected from 54 estruses of 47 mares (before ovulation, day 0, and day 2) using a double-guarded cytology brush. Dinoprost (PG; 5 mg) was administered intramuscularly (i.m.) only once, on day 0, whereas oxytocin (OT; 20 U i.m.) was administered three times at 12-hr intervals starting on day 0. The plasma progesterone concentrations from days 0 to 14 were not different between the non-treatment (CON), PG treatment, and OT treatment groups. The PMN counts increased in all the groups from before administration to day 0 (CON, 0.90 to 3.55; PG, 1.20 to 8.45; and OT, 0.70 to 1.70; P=0.0014, 0.0046, and 0.0073, respectively). There was a significant decrease in PMNs from day 0 to day 2 only in the PG group (P=0.0073). The pregnancy rate was not different among the CON (12/18), PG (14/18), and OT (10/18) groups. The results of this study indicate that dinoprost can reduce uterine polymorphonuclear neutrophil counts.

Tadamasa NIIKURA

Munkhtuul TSOGTGEREL

Chizuru NIIKURA

Haruna WADA

Seiya KANZAWA

Takashi FUJIWARA

Yasuo NAMBO

Effect of prostaglandin F2&lt;sub&gt;α&lt;/sub&gt; administration on uterine polymorphonuclear neutrophil counts in Japanese heavy draft horses

前列腺素F2α给药对日本重型挽马子宫多形核中性粒细胞计数的影响

The secretion of prolactin and growth hormone in response to exercise and emotional stresses was investigated in Thoroughbreds. Two experiments were performed: one with loading of only exercise stress and one with simultaneous loading of exercise and emotional stresses. Exercise stress was loaded in 4 steps using a treadmill for horses: pre-exercise period (5 min), walking period (6.5 min), galloping period (3 min), and cooling down period (10 min). Emotional stress was loaded by showing a loud video of an audience at a racetrack during the walking period. The results clearly demonstrated that exercise stress rapidly increased the secretion of prolactin and growth hormone and that secretion of them persisted for a specific period after the exercise. In addition, emotional stress promoted prolactin secretion.

Tomoki KITAURA

Fumio SATO

Testuro HADA

Mutsuki ISHIMARU

Rumi KODAMA

Gen WATANABE

Kazuyoshi TAYA

Influence of exercise and emotional stresses on secretion of prolactin and growth hormone in Thoroughbred horses

运动和情绪应激对纯种马催乳素和生长激素分泌的影响

Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a benign tumor which affects the mareʼs ovaries. In this report, a case of unilateral GCT in an ovary, which weighed 17.04 kg, of a 9-year-old Breton draft mare is described. A transrectal ultrasonography exam revealed a unilateral multi-cystic enlarged ovary. Laparoscopic ovariectomy was difficult due to enlargement of blood vessels in the ovarian broad ligament. The mare was necropsied, and the pathological changes in the GCT-affected ovary and unaffected ovary were evaluated. The ovarian mass in the GCT-affected ovary had a cribriform pattern and was positive for anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its receptor (AMHR2). The contralateral ovary showed no follicular development and was negative for AMH. AMHR2 was positively expressed in stromal cells. The AMH concentration in plasma was 4,210 ng/ml. This is the first report showing the presence of AMH (2,210 ng/ml) in ascites fluid, and it also shows that laparoscopic ovariectomy might not be suitable for larger ovaries affected by a GCT. Ultrasonographic, endocrine, and histopathological analyses were helpful for making a definitive diagnosis of GCT in this mare.

Masaaki TAGAMI

Kenichi WATANABE

Harutaka MURASE

Yuko HIROSAWA

Yoshiyasu KOBAYASHI

Case report: The case of a 17 kg ovarian granulosa cell tumor in a Breton draft mare

病例报告：布列塔尼挽马卵巢颗粒细胞瘤17公斤病例

A horse's body condition impacts every aspect of its life, including reproduction, performance, and health. Obesity and equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) are common in Nigeria; hence, early identification of a horse's obesity status by the owner is key to avoiding associated health issues such as EMS. Our study aimed to determine whether horse owners could effectively estimate their horses' body condition scores (BCSs) and cresty neck scores (CNSs). A total of 50 adult sedentary West African Barb horses owned by 50 different people were enrolled in the study. Body condition scores (BCSs) and cresty neck scores (CNSs) were assessed on scales of 1–9 and 0–5, respectively, by an experienced veterinarian and owners. The latter had no veterinary background, received no prior education, and assessed their horses based on provided visual aids and descriptions. The BCS estimates of the experienced veterinarian and owners were slightly in agreement (k=0.209), while there was moderate agreement (k=0.547) between the CNS estimates of the experienced veterinarian and the owners. The proportion of obesity based on the experienced veterinarian's estimation (32%) was higher than that of the owners (18%). The proportion of nuchal crest adiposity based on the experienced veterinarian's (38%) estimation was slightly lower than that of the owners (42%). A larger proportion of the owners underestimated their horses' BCSs and CNSs. We conclude that owners cannot effectively estimate their horses' BCSs and CNSs. It is imperative that they are informed about the health issues associated with obesity and are taught how to effectively estimate BCS and CNS.

Olumide Odunayo AKINNIYI

Philip Wayuta MSHELIA

Richard Emmanuel EDEH

Can Nigerian horse owners effectively estimate body condition and cresty neck scores?

尼日利亚马主能否有效评估体况和颈脊评分？

Equine testicular arteritis commonly occurs as a consequence of the migration of nematode larvae or equine arteritis virus (EAV) infection. However, testicular arteritis without evidence of these infections has been reported, and the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. We encountered testicular arteritis without evidence of nematode or EAV infection in a 3-year-old male heavy draft horse with scrotal enlargement. Grossly, the volume of the pampiniform plexus was markedly increased due to edema. Histologically, non-suppurative and necrotizing testicular arteritis, characterized by lymphocyte infiltration and fibrinoid necrosis of the arterial walls, was diffusely observed in the spermatic cord, pampiniform plexus (most severe), testis, and epididymis. We were unable to identify the cause of arteritis, such as a viral infection or autoimmune abnormality.

Yusuke TANAKA

Akiko TAKEYAMA

Hayato HAMANO

Non-suppurative and necrotizing testicular arteritis in the male reproductive organs of a heavy draft horse

重型挽马雄性生殖器官中非化脓性和坏死性睾丸动脉炎

Plasma or serum amino acids are used to evaluate nutritional status and metabolic disorders. In this study, we aimed to set reference values of serum amino acid concentrations in the Noma horse, a Japanese native horse. Thirty-one horses were classified into six age groups: neonatal foal (0–4 days), foal (0.5–1 years), youth (5 years), middle age (10 years), old (15 years), and extra-old (>20 years). Horses >5 years of age were analyzed together as the adult group. In the adult horses, there were no significant differences among the serum amino acid concentrations of each age group. The foal group had higher concentrations of alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, α-aminoadipic acid, and 3-methyl-histidine than the adult group. The neonatal foal group had higher serum concentrations of phenylalanine, lysine, alanine, proline, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, β-alanine, and β-amino-iso-butyric acid and lower tryptophan concentrations and Fischer's ratios than the adult group. The neonatal foal group had higher β-amino-iso-butyric acid concentrations and lower tryptophan and 3-methyl-histidine concentrations than the foal group. Therefore, reference values might be set separately in neonatal foals, foals, and adult horses. The data for the serum amino acid concentrations can be used for health care through physiological and pathological evaluations in Noma horses.

ISSN	1340-3516, 1347-7501
h-index	21

涉及主题	医学生物内科学遗传学化学地质学古生物学生物化学内分泌学动物科学岩石学马病理物理外科解剖兽医学免疫学生态学
出版信息	出版商: Japanese Society of Equine Science，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 1994，原创研究文献占比: 0.00%，自引率:N.A.， Gold OA占比: 0.00%

Journal of Equine Science

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DNA barcoding of <i>Anoplocephala perfoliata</i> derived from a draft horse (Ban’ei horse) in Hokkaido, Japan

Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol–ketamine–xylazine with or without remifentanil in thoroughbred horses undergoing castration

Effect of prostaglandin F2<sub>α</sub> administration on uterine polymorphonuclear neutrophil counts in Japanese heavy draft horses

Influence of exercise and emotional stresses on secretion of prolactin and growth hormone in Thoroughbred horses

Case report: The case of a 17 kg ovarian granulosa cell tumor in a Breton draft mare

DNA barcoding of <i>Anoplocephala perfoliata</i> derived from a draft horse (Ban’ei horse) in Hokkaido, Japan

Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol–ketamine–xylazine with or without remifentanil in thoroughbred horses undergoing castration

Can Nigerian horse owners effectively estimate body condition and cresty neck scores?

Non-suppurative and necrotizing testicular arteritis in the male reproductive organs of a heavy draft horse

Serum amino acid profiles in clinically normal Noma horses