从国际角度来看，《水产养殖研究》每年出版 12 次，专门针对水产养殖众多不同领域内所有工作和学习的研究和参考需求。该杂志定期发表与淡水、咸水和海水养殖相关的应用或科学研究论文。它涵盖了与人类消费直接或间接相关的所有水生生物，植物区系和动物区系。该杂志还包括评论文章、简短的交流和技术论文。特别鼓励年轻科学家根据自己的研究提交简短的通讯。

Aquaculture Research is an international journal that publishes 12 issues annually, focusing on the research and reference needs in various fields of aquaculture. The journal regularly publishes applied and scientific research papers related to freshwater, brackish, and marine aquaculture, covering all aquatic organisms, both flora and fauna, that are directly or indirectly related to human consumption. It also includes review articles, short communications, and technical papers. Young scientists are particularly encouraged to submit short communications based on their research.

《Aquaculture Research》是一本国际性期刊，每年出版12期，专注于水产养殖领域的研究与参考需求。该期刊定期发表与淡水、咸水和海水养殖相关的应用研究和科学论文，涵盖所有与人类消费直接或间接相关的水生生物，包括植物和动物。此外，期刊还包括评论文章、简短的交流和技术论文。我们特别鼓励年轻科学家根据自己的研究提交简短的通讯。

Aquaculture Research

Lysozymes play vital roles in humoural immune response against bacterial invasion by its lytic activity. In the present study, a new C-type lysozyme was identified and characterized from Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis. The full-length cDNA of PslysC was of 923 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 148 amino acid residues. The multiple alignments and phylogenetic relationship analysis revealed the highly enzyme-related conserved residues. The real-time PCR analysis suggested that PslysC was constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues with highest level in blood cells and liver. The expression of PslysC could be significantly up-regulated under Aeromonas jandaei infection and ammonia exposure, while no significant changes were found under Poly I:C infection. The rPslysC protein was expressed in E. coli and purified by Ni-NTA. The optimal pH and temperature for rPslysC protein lytic activities were determined at pH 7 and 30℃. rPslysC can inhibit the growth of eight kinds of Gram-negative bacteria, and three kinds of Gram-positive bacteria. The binding activity of rPslysC to different microbial polysaccharides and microorganism was analysed. The results showed that rPslysC could bind to selected bacteria, and exhibit a strong binding activity to lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan, but a weak binding activity to β-glucan. This suggests that the binding activity might be the major mechanism of action to realize the antibacterial activity. The present study will provide helpful evidence to further understand the innate immunity of P. sinensis, and the interaction mechanisms of C-type lysozymes with bacterial membranes.

Jiaojun Ji

Yue Li

Chunyou Yuan

Qiang Shi

Haoran Xiong

Wenzhi Wei

Hui Yang

Ting Wu

Jiajun Wang

Newly identified C‐type lysozyme in Chinese soft‐shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) exhibits potent antimicrobial activity

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary vitamin C levels on growth performance, immune response and antioxidant capacity of loach juveniles. Six isonitrogenous (58.6% of crude protein), isoenergetic (17.5 kJ g−1) practical diets supplemented with 0 (VC0), 100 (VC100), 200 (VC200), 500 (VC500), 1000 (VC1000) and 5000 mg kg−1 (VC5000) of VC (35% ascorbic acid equivalent) were fed to fish (mean initial weight 0.11 ± 0.02 g) in triplicate. Results showed that fish fed VC0 diet had significantly lower body weight gain (BWG) and survival rate (SR). However, BWG and SR improved significantly in fish fed VC100 and VC200 diet respectively. Whole body ascorbic acid concentration increased with incremental dietary VC levels from 0 to 100 mg kg−1. The activity of mucus alkaline phophatase was significantly increased by the dietary VC level. Incremental levels of VC significantly reduced activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase. Moreover, fish fed diets containing more than 100 mg kg−1 VC significantly down-regulated the superoxide dismutase and GPx mRNA expression in liver. Meanwhile, the expressions of liver heat shock protein (HSP70) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related-2 (Nrf2) were affected by fish fed diets containing VC from 100 to 5000 mg kg−1. In conclusion, VC requirement of loach juveniles for optimum growth and functionally preventing lipid peroxidation was more than 200 mg kg−1 of diet. Moreover, high dose of VC supplementation did not show any detrimental effects on loach growth performance.

Yan Zhao

Jiaxing Zhao

Yin Zhang

Jian Gao

Effects of different dietary vitamin C supplementations on growth performance, mucus immune responses and antioxidant status of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatusCantor) juveniles

Probiotics have emerged as promising alternatives to antibiotics for maintaining the health of the Chinese mitten crab (CMC, Eriocheir sinensis). However, the efficacy of probiotic application in CMC culture ecosystems remains uncertain. Intestinal microbiota is often as comprehensive indicators of aquatic animal health, but the effects of probiotics on CMC intestinal microbiota remain poorly understood. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the mechanisms underlying the changes of the intestinal microbial communities following short-term probiotic application in CMC culture. Our data showed there was poor probiotic colonization in the intestines of pond-cultured CMCs. The short-term application of probiotics had no significant impact on the alpha-diversity for the microbial communities; however, it significantly changed the beta-diversity. Remarkably, the probiotics promoted butanoate metabolism of the CMC intestinal microbiota. According to network analysis, the microbiome of the CMC intestine manifested rapid responses to probiotic application, and cooperation between intestinal microbial communities may have been enhanced. Taken together, our results provide preliminary insights into the roles of probiotics in the CMC intestinal microbial ecosystem.

Tong Li

Demin Zhang

Yunfei Sun

Xiaozhen Yang

Wenwen Xiao

Yongxu Cheng

Zhiyuan Yao

Response of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) intestinal microbiota to commercial probiotic application

Understanding the effects of environmental parameters on the reproductive cycle of shellfish is an essential tool for successful hatchery conditioning management and, consequently, for seed supply to the industry. For the tropical oyster, Crassostrea tulipa, little is known about the factors affecting the maturation process and reproduction, but there are indications that salinity may be of importance. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of salinity on the reproductive cycle of broodstock of C. tulipa. In the first experiment, oysters were reared in five salinities (40, 35, 30, 25, and 20) for 40 days and gonad histological samples were collected regularly. In a follow up experiment, oysters were reared in variable salinity conditions changing from 40 to 30 or from 20 to 30 over a period of 40 days. Salinity was found to affect the reproductive cycle of C. tulipa. Oysters kept in constant salinity of 30 showed a higher condition index compared to animals in other salinities, with most of the animals in the prespawning stage. Salinity variation was also shown to affect C. tulipa maturation. The prespawning stage was the most observed reproductive stage in low salinity, and high salinity induced a resting stage in the female animals. The results are considered the first step towards developing a protocol for the conditioning of C. tulipa in hatchery conditions.

Simone Sühnel

Francisco José Lagreze-Squella

Jefferson Francisco Alves Legat

Angela Puchnick-Legat

Åsa Strand

Serena Sühnel Lagreze

Claudio Manoel Rodrigues de Melo

Effects of Salinity on the Reproductive Cycle of the Mangrove Oyster Crassostrea tulipa in Hatchery Conditions

The current study evaluates the effect of different Mg levels in low-salinity (3 g/L) water on growth, survival, haemolymph osmolality, cationic composition in haemolymph, carapace and whole body of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. A low-cost salt mixture (LCSM) comprised of Na, K, Ca and Mg concentrations of 298, 9, 17 and 39 mg/L, respectively, in a 1-g/L solution was modified by decreasing the Mg level of LCSM to allow different Mg levels in the culture medium (100, 78, 55, 30, 17, 13 and 12 mg/L). Reconstituted sea salt (RSS) was used as the control treatment with Mg level of 129 mg/L. A 42-day growth trial (initial weight: 0.11 ± 0.01 g and stocking density: 20 shrimp/tank) was carried out in 150-L plastic tanks, each equipped with a fluidized bed biofilter. As Mg2+ level was reduced, there was a subsequent reduction (p < 0.05) in shrimp performance reflected in final weight, weight gain, haemolymph osmolality, osmoregulatory capacity, Mg2+ concentration in haemolymph, carapace and whole body of shrimp paralleled by an increase in feed conversion ratio (FCR). Low haemolymph osmolality and Mg2+ concentrations (p < 0.05) in shrimp haemolymph were found to be indicative of stress, which was ultimately reflected as reduced growth and increased FCR in low Mg2+ concentrations at 3 g/L salinity.

Harsha S. C. Galkanda‐Arachchige

Luke A. Roy

D. Allen Davis

The effects of magnesium concentration in low‐salinity water on growth of Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei )

Aquaculture allows sustainable fish farming to meet global demand; however, fish feed can contain mycotoxins and contaminate animals and humans. Bentonites are clayey materials composed mainly of montmorillonite and are used to reduce or diminish the toxicity of aflatoxins to animals and humans. In this sense, new cheap technologies from natural resources are necessary for controlling fungi and mycotoxins in food. However, information on the potential adverse effects on fish health and performance caused by adding bentonite clays to reduce mycotoxin exposure is scarce. Thus, this systematic review aims to analyze recent studies focusing on the use of bentonite clays as adsorbent materials for mycotoxins in fish feed. In this systematic evaluation of the literature on the subject, which was conducted in Cochrane, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus, 1,878 publications from the last 10 years were found, but 1,871 of them were excluded, leading to the selection of only seven for this study. The articles were classified according to the main theme of fish detoxification, the use of natural or chemically modified bentonite clays through adsorbents to remove mycotoxins. The results of the risk of bias analysis of the included studies (seven) were carried out according to the Down and Black criteria. The studies showed that hematological parameters such as total serum protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, N-urea, and creatinine were altered in some fish species due to contamination by aflatoxin B1 in the diet. On the other hand, the use of bentonite reveals that it has the potential to reduce the effects of aflatoxicosis in fish, causing an increase in body weight, changes in serum enzymes related to humoral immunity, and changes in gill morphology and liver tissue. Contamination of fish diets (especially tilapia) by aflatoxins B1 produces severe changes in all investigated parameters and is extremely dangerous for fish productivity and public health. It was observed that adding clays to tilapia diets reduces the effects of aflatoxicosis while improving economic output and lowering health hazards by adsorbing aflatoxins B1. Thus, the use of bentonite clays is one of the most promising decontamination techniques that can be used by pisciculture.

Francisco José Mendes dos Reis

Elaine Silva de Pádua Melo

Antonio Marcos Jacques Barbosa

Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães

Karuppusamy Arunachalam

Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira

Ana Carla Pinheiro Lima

Maria Fernanda Balestieri Mariano de Souza

Ana Carla Gomes Rosa

Marta Aratuza Pereira Ancel

Paula Fabiana Saldanha Tschinkel

Valter Aragão do Nascimento

Bentonite Clays as Adsorbent Material for Mycotoxins and the Hematological Parameters Involved in Tilapia Species: A Systematic Review

斑脱土作为霉菌毒素吸附剂材料及其对罗非鱼血液学参数的影响：系统综述

Ammonia nitrogen is one of the major pollutants in aquaculture. However, the mechanism of ammonia stress on ovarian development and follicular atresia is unknown. In this study, goldfish ( Carassius auratus ) were exposed to different ammonia concentrations, including 0 (control, C) and 50 mg/L (high, H) for 48 hr at 21 ± 0.5°C. Histology of the ovarian tissue sections revealed that the high ammonia concentrations inhibited the maturation of oocytes, and induced broken and wrinkled radiation bands, follicular membranes, and the accumulation of rod-shaped yolk particles. From the transcriptome data, a total of 1,405 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between H and C groups. Most DEGs were highly enriched in low-density lipoprotein particle-mediated signaling, oxidative stress-induced premature senescence, and ovarian steroidogenesis pathway. Furthermore, a total of 19 genes were selected and determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant activity indicated the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ovarian tissue. The ovarian apoptosis was induced in the H group. The downregulation of genes involved in the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway indicated that ammonia nitrogen stress prevented the synthesis of sexual hormones. These results suggest that high-concentration ammonia stress induces ovarian damage in goldfish, affecting its antioxidant function, leading to excessive ROS accumulation, ovarian apoptosis, and hindered steroid synthesis, adversely affecting reproductive performance.

Qian Qi

Chunnuan Zhang

Ruiyi Xu

Chenran Lv

Ye Xue

Pu Wang

Zhiyong Li

Mingyang Chen

High Ammonia Nitrogen-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Mature Ovary

高氨氮诱导的金鱼（Carassius auratus）成熟卵巢生殖毒性

The New Zealand geoduck (Panopea zelandica) has seen considerable interest from the NZ aquaculture industry. A major bottleneck in culturing P. zelandica is early life stages mortality (e.g., embryo). Therefore, in this study, we investigated the embryonic performance and their transition to the first feeding larval stage (D-veliger) under different salinities (26, 30, 32, and 35 ppt) of four different offspring groups generated from broodstock being fed different ratios (25 : 75, 50 : 50, 60 : 40, and 75 : 25) of the haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea (formerly Isochrysis galbana) (ISO) and the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri (CM) during gametogenesis. Broodstock within all diet ratio treatments successfully conditioned, producing viable embryos. Average egg size ranged between 75 and 80 µm and was not affected by the diet ratios of the broodstock. Survival 48 hr postfertilization, D-veliger larvae yield, and incidence of abnormalities depended on both the embryo rearing salinity and broodstock feeding ratios. The combined salinity of 32−35 ppt and a feeding ratio of 50 : 50 and 60 : 40 (ISO:CM) had the highest survival of embryos (56.0%–77.5%), highest production of D-veliger larvae (&gt;65%), and lowest incidence of abnormalities within D-Veliger (&lt;47%). The size of the larvae decreased with decreasing salinities, with the largest found at 35 ppt (101.22 ± 0.49 µm in shell length). Embryos and larvae did not survive at salinity 26 ppt. These results suggest that diet during gametogenesis can play a role on the offspring ability to cope with environmental stressors at least during the critical first few days after fertilization. These findings provide important information on transgenerational effects due to broodstock diet, especially during the early life stages.

Shaneel S. Sharma

Andrea C. Alfaro

Norman L. C. Ragg

Leonardo N. Zamora

Carry-Over Effects of Broodstock Conditioning on the Salinity Tolerance of Embryos of the New Zealand Geoduck (Panopea zelandica)

亲贝适应性训练对新西兰象拔蚌（Panopea zelandica）胚胎盐度耐受性的滞后效应

Numerous studies have reported the disadvantages of using plant protein in aquafeeds owing to the presence of antinutritional factors. Particularly, phytate can be overcome by dietary supplementation with exogenous phytase. On the other hand, the use of microalgae has been proven to be a valuable strategy for enhancing the digestive functionality in fish fed diets with high plant protein content. It was hypothesized that the simultaneous inclusion of phytase with microalgae can be useful to improve growth performance and digestive functionality in fish fed diets with high content of plant protein. In this study, the effects of feeds supplemented with different levels of exogenous phytase (FTU) and 2.5% of a blend of Arthrospira platensis and Nannochloropsis gaditana were evaluated on growth performance, metabolism, and gut functionality in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Fish were fed ad libitum for 83 days with five diets containing different enzyme ratios (FTU), in triplicate: (i) control (0 FTU); (ii) 500 FTU; (iii) 1,000 FTU; (iv) 2,000 FTU; and (v) 10,000 FTU. At the end of the feeding period, zootechnical indexes were estimated, and biological samples were withdrawn for physiological determinations. The results obtained showed an overall improvement in the productive efficiency, general metabolism, and intestinal functionality in fish fed the highest phytase inclusion (2,000 and 10,000 FTU). Final weight (75.51 ± 1.01 g vs. 66.76 ± 1.26 g, <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><a:mi>p</a:mi><a:mo>=</a:mo><a:mn>0.005</a:mn></a:math> ), SGR (1.15 ± 0.02 vs. 1.00 ± 0.02, <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><c:mi>p</c:mi><c:mo>=</c:mo><c:mn>0.006</c:mn></c:math> ). and feed efficiency (0.80 ± 0.02% day−1 vs. 0.67 ± 0.01% day−1, <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><e:mi>p</e:mi><e:mo>=</e:mo><e:mn>0.012</e:mn></e:math> ) were higher in fish fed 10,000 FTU. The chemical composition of muscle and plasma metabolites did not vary among dietary treatments, except for the high glucose and low glycogen content in the liver with 2,000 FTU group. Focusing on gut functionality, enzyme activities tended to be higher in fish fed diets supplemented with phytase and microalgae, and significant differences were found for trypsin, chymotrypsin, and alkaline phosphatase with 1,000, 2,000, and 10,000 FTU, and leucine aminopeptidase with 2,000 and 10,000 FTU ( <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><g:mi>p</g:mi><g:mo>&lt;</g:mo><g:mn>0.0001</g:mn></g:math> ). Analysis of intestinal morphology revealed that 2,000 and 10,000 FTU combined with microalgae increased villi height and decreased villi diameter and enterocyte height. The presence of microalgae at low phytase supplementation level seems to lack of influence on the different parameters evaluated whereas only increased dietary phytase levels impacted on growth, nutrient utilization, and intestinal functionality. In addition, faecal samples were obtained by stripping the final portion of the intestines, from which the phosphorus and nitrogen were quantified. Apparent digestibility coefficient of phosphorus with 2,000 FTU and 10,000 FTU were higher, 74.3% and 77.8%, respectively, compared to control (52.4%). The results revealed a decrease in the amount of P shed with the excreta from the animals supplemented with phytase, a fact that evidenced an increased intestinal absorption of this element. Overall, the results obtained pointed out that phytase can be used at 10,000, and even 2,000, FTU in combination with microalgae as an approach to reducing feed costs and boost fish growth and digestive functionality of fish, while minimizing the environmental impacts of juvenile European seabass farms.

S. Flores-Moreno

A. J. Vizcaíno

M. I. Sáez

J. Macías-Vidal

T. F. Martínez

J. A. Martos-Sitcha

F. J. Alarcón-López

Effects of Phytase and Microalgae Supplementation on the Utilization of Aquafeeds for European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Formulated with a High Inclusion Level of Plant Protein

植酸酶和微藻添加对高植物蛋白水平配方欧洲鲈鱼（Dicentrarchus labrax）饲料利用率的影响

The goal of this study was to research the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri L3-9 and its extracellular products on growth, immunity, intestinal microorganisms, and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in grass carp. A total of 120 fish (80–90 g) were distributed into 12 aquariums (10 fish/aquarium) in three replicates and fed 1% of their body weight for 21 days. The grass carp were fed four different diets: a control (group C), a diet supplemented with 1 × 106 cell g−1 of L. buchneri L3-9 (group B), a diet supplemented with extracellular products of L. buchneri L3-9 (group E), and a diet supplemented with L. buchneri L3-9 and the extracellular products (group BE). Compared with the control diet, the B, E, and BE diets increased the weight gain rate by 4.49%, 2.59%, and 4.38%, respectively ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><a:mi>p</a:mi><a:mtext> </a:mtext><a:mo>&lt;</a:mo><a:mn>0.05</a:mn></a:math> ), and significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio by 0.72, 0.57, and 0.76, respectively ( <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><c:mi>p</c:mi><c:mo>&lt;</c:mo><c:mn>0.05</c:mn></c:math> ). Groups B, BE, and E showed significant decreases in mortality, with values of 26.67%, 16.67%, and 23.33%, respectively ( <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><e:mi>p</e:mi><e:mo>&lt;</e:mo><e:mn>0.05</e:mn></e:math> ). Group B showed a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to the control group ( <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><g:mi>p</g:mi><g:mo>&lt;</g:mo><g:mn>0.05</g:mn></g:math> ). The highest catalase (CAT) activity was found in group E ( <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><i:mi>p</i:mi><i:mo>&lt;</i:mo><i:mn>0.05</i:mn></i:math> ). In group B, the expression of the gut proinflammatory gene TNF-α was downregulated ( <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><k:mi>p</k:mi><k:mo>&lt;</k:mo><k:mn>0.05</k:mn></k:math> ), and the expression of anti-inflammatory genes, including TGF-β1, IL-10, and Tlr-8, was upregulated compared to that in the control group ( <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><m:mi>p</m:mi><m:mo>&lt;</m:mo><m:mn>0.05</m:mn></m:math> ). Groups BE and E showed an increased abundance of Lactobacillaceae. Additionally, a drastic decrease in the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae was in these groups compared to the control group. In conclusion, L. buchneri L3-9 and its extracellular products could improve the growth performance, immune responses, and resistance to A. hydrophila in grass carp. This study provides insights for the development and application of microecological preparations.

Xiantao Gao

Yuanzhi Peng

Xiaokun Gao

Zhicheng Zhu

Jingjing Zhang

Wanli Cheng

Minmin Cai

Longyu Zheng

Feng Huang

Jibin Zhang

Effects of Probiotics and Its Extracellular Products on the Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Aeromonas hydrophila Resistance of Grass Carp

益生菌及其胞外产物对草鱼生长性能、免疫反应及嗜水气单胞菌抗性的影响

Abbreviation	Aquac Res
Journal Impact	1.96
Quartiles(Global)	FISHERIES(Q2)

ISSN	1355-557X, 1365-2109
h-index	106

Publication Information	Publisher: Hindawi Limited，Publishing cycle: Semimonthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 1972，Proportion of original research papers: 94.35%，Self Citation Rate:5.30%， Gold OA Rate: 80.57%
Journal Fees	$2570Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均3.0个月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Aquaculture Research

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